La vengeance réfère à la tentative de blesser ou de faire du mal à celui qui nous a causé du tort par sa faute. Alors que la vengeance se rapporte à l’action, le désir de vengeance réfère à l’émotion qui motive à la vengeance. La colère est une émotion ressentie lorsque nous subissons un dommage (interférence subite à la poursuite d’un but que nous tenons à coeur), alors que la rancune est une émotion qui est suscitée par la perception d’avoir ou le fait d’avoir réellement souffert d’une faute (préjudice qui est infligé de manière responsable d’un individu à une victime). Ces définitions de la colère et de la rancune peuvent se traduire de manière opérationnelle par le fait de provoquer des participants de façon qu’ils perçoivent cela comme accidentelle (sans faute) ou personnelle (avec faute) ; la première provocation induirait un état émotionnel de colère alors que la seconde de rancune. Les études passées ont démontré l’effet de la colère sur le taux de rejets d’offres monétaires très injustes et moyennement injustes comparativement aux offres justes lors d’une tâche de prise de décision économique tel que la tâche Ultimatum Game (UG) ainsi que sur l’amplitude de la Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN), une composante de potentiel reliés aux évènements qui devient plus prononcée lors d’une rétroaction négative associée à des résultats défavorable (ex., réponses incorrectes ou pertes monétaires). Ces données suggèrent que la colère augmenterait l’évaluation affective négative associée aux offres très injustes et moyennement injustes et les comportements de vengeance associés aux taux de rejet. Le rôle des émotions dans la vengeance pose la question de savoir si leur influence se transmet directement dans les comportements de vengeance. Le trait de vengeance réfère à la tendance dispositionnelle à entretenir des attitudes positives envers la vengeance et à la rechercher en réponse à des provocations. Les études antérieures ont démontré que le trait d’affects négatifs modérait la relation entre l'état affects négatifs et l’ampleur de la FRN. Il y a un manque dans nos connaissances sur le rôle du trait de vengeance sur la relation entre l’amplitude de la FRN et le taux de rejet d’offres monétaires. Le premier objectif de la présente étude est de comparer les effets de la colère à ceux de la rancune sur le taux de rejets d’offres monétaires justes, moyennement injustes et très injustes ainsi que sur la FRN durant la tâche UG. Le second objectif est de vérifier le rôle de modérateur du trait de vengeance sur la relation entre la FRN et le taux de rejet des offres, et ce en réponse à des offres très injustes et moyennement injustes. Deux groupes expérimentaux ont été créés : le groupe Colère (GrC) et le groupe Rancune (GrR). Le premier groupe a subi une induction de colère par le biais d'une provocation humaine sans faute pendant la réalisation d'une tâche de créativité. Au cours de la même tâche de créativité, les participants du second groupe ont été soumis à une induction de rancune par le biais d'une provocation humaine avec faute. Ensuite, il a été demandé aux participants de participer à la tâche UG, dans lequel ils devaient accepter ou rejeter des offres monétaires très injustes, moyennement injustes et justes proposées par un participant fictif. En plus de l’analyse du taux de rejet, le signal électroencéphalographique (EEG) a été quantifié puis analysé sur la FRN dans le but de servir de proxy de la perception d’injustice et du niveau de complexité de la prise de décision en fonction du groupe de participants et du type d’offres. Contrairement à ce qui était attendu, les résultats indiquent que le taux de rejet des participants du GrC devant les offres moyennement injustes est significativement plus élevés que celui des participants GrR. De plus, les résultats ne démontrent pas une amplitude FRN significativement plus grande chez les participants GrR comparée à celle chez les participants GrC, et ceci peu importe le type d’offres. De manière congruente avec la littérature, la FRN associée aux offres très injustes et moyennement injustes est plus négative que celle associée aux offres justes. Toutefois, dans le cadre de la présente étude, ce résultat sur la FRN a été observé uniquement pour le GrC. Enfin, que ce soit en réponse à des offres très injustes ou moyennement injustes, les résultats ne démontrent pas le rôle modérateur du trait de vengeance dans la relation entre l’amplitude de la FRN et le taux de rejet d’offres monétaires. L’effet de groupe observé sur le taux de rejet des offres moyennement injustes suggère que les personnes en colère résolvent leur conflit cognitif davantage en outre-passant leurs intérêts personnels monétaires comparativement aux personnes qui vivent de la rancune. Ces résultats suggèrent aussi que, contrairement aux individus en état de colère qui perçoivent les offres justes d’une façon différente des autres types d’offres, les individus vivant de la rancune perçoivent les offres justes, moyennement injustes et très injustes de la même façon. Il est possible de croire que l’état de rancune augmente la sensibilité à l’injustice envers des offres qui normalement devrait être perçues comme différentes. Des limites méthodologiques peuvent possiblement expliquer l’absence d’effet de modération du trait de vengeance. / Vengeance refers to the attempt to hurt or harm someone who has caused us harm through their wrong. While revenge refers to action, the desire for vengeance refers to the emotion that motivates revenge. Anger is an emotion felt when we suffer from a perceived or actual harm (sudden interference in the pursuit of an important goal for us), while resentment is an emotion that is aroused by the perception of having or the fact of having actually suffered from a wrong (harm that is responsibly inflicted by an individual on a victim). These definitions of anger and resentment can be operationalized by provoking participants in such a way that they perceive it as accidental (without wrong) or personal (with wrong); the first provocation would induce an emotional state of anger while the second would induce a state of resentment. Past studies have demonstrated the effect of anger on the rejection rate of unfair and mid-value offers compared to fair offers during an economic decision-making task such as the Ultimatum Game (UG), as well as on the amplitude of Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN), an event-related potential that becomes more pronounced during negative feedback associated with unfavorable outcomes (e.g., incorrect responses or monetary losses). These prior studies suggest that anger would increase the negative affective evaluation associated with unfair and mid-value offers and vengeance behaviors associated with rejection rates. The role of emotions in vengeance raises the question of whether their influence is transmitted directly into revenge behaviors. Trait vengeance refers to the dispositional tendency to maintain positive attitudes toward revenge and to seek it in response to provocations. Previous studies demonstrated that trait negative affect moderated the relationship between state negative affect and FRN magnitude. There is a gap in our knowledge about the role of trait vengeance on the relationship between the FRN amplitude and the rejection rate of monetary offers. The first objective of the current study is to compare the effects of anger to those of resentment on the rejection rate of fair, mid-value and unfair offers as well as on the FRN amplitude during the UG. The second objective is to verify the moderating role of trait vengeance on the relationship between FRN amplitude and the rejection rate in response to unfair and mid-value offers. Two experimental groups were created: a group primed with a human provocation without wrong (Unwronged) and a second group primed with a human provocation with wrong (Wronged). The first group underwent anger induction through a human provocation without wrong while performing a creativity task. During the same creativity task, participants in the second group were subjected to a resentment induction through a human provocation with wrong. Next, participants were asked to participate in the UG, in which they had to accept or reject unfair, mid-value, and fair offers proposed by a fictitious participant. In addition to the analysis of the rejection rate, the electroencephalographic (EEG) signal was quantified and then analyzed on the FRN amplitude with the aim of serving as a proxy for the perception of injustice and the level of complexity of decision-making based on the experimental groups and the type of offers. Contrary to what was expected, the results indicate that the rejection rate of the Unwronged group in response to mid-value offers is significantly higher than the Wronged group. Furthermore, the results do not demonstrate a significantly greater FRN amplitude in the Wronged group compared to the Unwronged group, regardless of the type of offers. In accordance with the literature, the FRNs associated with unfair and mid-value offers are more negative compared to the FRN associated with fair offers. However, in the context of the present study, this result on FRN was observed only for the Unwronged group. Finally, whether in response to unfair or mid-value offers, the results do not demonstrate the moderating role of the trait vengeance in the relationship between the FRN amplitude and the rejection rate. The group effect observed on the rejection rate of mid-value offers suggests that angry participants resolve their cognitive conflict more by overriding their personal monetary interests compared to participants who feel resentment. These results also suggest that, unlike individuals in a state of anger who perceive fair offers in a different way from other types of offers, individuals feeling resentment perceive fair, mid-value and unfair offers in the same way. It is possible to believe that the state of resentment increases sensitivity to injustice towards offers that should normally be perceived as different. Methodological limitations can possibly explain the lack of moderation effect of the trait vengeance.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:33:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao completa de Thiago Dias bloqueado.pdf: 1982337 bytes, checksum: ac72cb12412bdf69b440df2515085143 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-01 / The respective work has as prism to analyze a series of testimonies given by military officers who participated in the political events in Brazil that culminated on the 31st of March of 1964. The deponents had a relevant role during the 21 years of the military government. The goal of the analysis concentrates on notes that exhibit throughout the testimonies, the resentments that the men in uniform exposed in their words. Resentments intensified mostly in the anticommunism and in the bad reputation the military forces had before the society after the end of the regime. The work is structured in showing how it began in the Brazilian army the role of an institution that was supposed to practice a direct political participation in the country, besides seeing itself like the source of moral reserve of the nation and guardian of the precepts of patriotism and nationalism. Being this done to demonstrate that the intervention which occurred in 1964 was not a result of an immediacy or by foreign orders in collusion with the national capital, where the soldiers would be mere playthings. The intervention needs to be analyzed from an optics that realizes the motives and intentions that made the military forces deprive the president John Goulart from the power. Among the testimonies it will also be analyzed the question of the military officers memory regarding subjects directly connected to the period: the reason of the destitution of João Goulart, the repression to the opponents, the question of torture and other recurrent subjects to the analyzed period. Among the testimonies it will also be analyzed the question of the memory of the military officers regarding subjects directly connected to the period: the reason of deposing João Goulart, the repression to the opponents, the question of torture and other recurrent subjects to the analyzed period. The conclusion of the work will be originated from a direct analysis of the testimonies where it is exposed in an explicit or implicit way, the resentments of the military officers regarding the occurrences before and after the events of the 31st of March of 1964 / O respectivo trabalho tem como prisma analisar uma série de depoimentos dados por militares que participaram dos acontecimentos políticos no Brasil, que culminaram no 31 de março de 1964. Os depoentes tiveram um papel relevante durante os 21 anos de governo militar. A marca da análise fixa-se em apontamentos que mostrem dentro dos depoimentos os ressentimentos que os homens de farda expuseram em suas falas. Ressentimentos galgados principalmente no anticomunismo e na visão ruim que as forças armadas ficaram perante a sociedade após o fim do regime.O trabalho se estrutura mostrando como se iniciou no exército brasileiro o papel de uma instituição que deveria exercer uma participação política direta no país, além de se ver como a fonte da reserva moral da nação e guardiã dos preceitos de patriotismo e nacionalismo. Isso feito para mostrar que a intervenção ocorrida em 1964 não foi fruto de imediatismos ou por ordenação estrangeira em conluio com o capital nacional, onde os militares seriam meros joguetes. A intervenção precisa ser analisada a partir de uma ótica que perceba os motivos e intenções que fizeram as Forças Armadas destituírem do poder o presidente João Goulart. Dentro dos depoimentos também será analisada a questão da memória dos militares no tocante a assuntos estreitamente ligados ao período: o porquê da derrubada de João Goulart, a repressão aos opositores, a questão da tortura e outros assuntos recorrentes ao período analisado. O fechamento do trabalho vai dar-se a partir de uma análise direta nos depoimentos onde está exposto de maneira explícita ou implícita os ressentimentos dos militares no tocante aos ocorridos antes e após os acontecimentos do 31 de março de 1964

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:39:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5552.pdf: 2395652 bytes, checksum: e2cd03150edac661c1d81345af8dc41c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-28 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The present research focuses on the question of memory and representation of the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship through the analysis of two films, Pra Frente Brasil (1982) [Go further Brazil] and Ação Entre Amigos [Action between friends] (1998), which explore this period of national history. Our goal was to understand the contributions and limits of these two pieces of cinematographic work as bearers of civil military dictatorship memories. So, we examine how the civil-military dictatorship comes to the scene in the mentioned pictures, relating them to their own production context. We take as presupposition the fact that films are bearers of meanings that allow us to understand the relation between human beings and their historical time. For that we take as our own the Pilar Calveiros s conception of memory and, trying to comprehend the relation between cinema, memory and society, we found our theory on Walter Benjamin s theoretical and methodological referential, as on his conception of History. This author proposes, by the way, that we may think on the cinema s political function. To investigate the relation between art work and society we use Tania Pelegrini s concept of refraction and the Pierre Sorlin s conception of representation. At last, we found on the trauma and resentment concepts, willing to comprehend how cinema represents the relation between the dictatorial past with the present. / A presente pesquisa procurou lançar luzes sobre a questão da memória e da representação da ditadura civil-militar (1964-1985) no Brasil através da análise dos filmes Pra Frente Brasil (1982) e Ação Entre Amigos (1998), que abordam esse período da história nacional. Nosso objetivo foi entender os limites e avanços das obras fílmicas enquanto portadoras de memória da ditadura civil-militar. Assim, examinamos como a ditadura civil-militar vem à cena nos filmes em questão, relacionando-os com o contexto de sua produção. Tomamos como base o pressuposto de que os filmes são portadores de significados que permitem o entendimento da relação do homem com seu tempo histórico. Para isso pautamo-nos na concepção de memória de Pilar Calveiro e, com o intuito de compreender a relação entre cinema, memória e sociedade, fundamentamo-nos na concepção de história e no referencial teórico e metodológico de Walter Benjamin, que propõe, ainda, que pensemos sobre a função política do cinema. E para pensarmos na relação entre obra de arte e sociedade lançamos mão do conceito de refração de Tânia Pelegrini e a concepção de representação de Pierre Sorlin. Por fim, nos baseamos nos conceitos de trauma e ressentimento com o intuito de compreendermos como o cinema representa a relação do passado ditatorial com o presente.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente dissertação pretendeu, num primeiro momento, discutir as linhas demarcadoras dos saberes com as quais a literatura dialoga constantemente, especialmente com a filosofia. No exercício de tornar visível a permeabilidade dos saberes, confrontando fronteiras e rompendo com limites epistemológicos, analisamos o livro de contos Feliz Ano Novo, de Rubem Fonseca, a partir da idéia central de que a relação estabelecida entre homem e real, presente nos personagens dos contos mencionados, aparece como uma produção oblíqua de paradoxo que tangencia a obra, isto é, como uma supervalorização quer do racional quer do sensível, e nunca a tensão entre eles característica basilar da obra de Rubem Fonseca. Essa aparente falta de lógica o absurdo , maneira oblíqua como o mundo aparece para os homens e personagens narrativos, baseia-se na conflituosa relação que eles estabelecem com a sua realização de real, visto que a vida passa a denotar angústia, desespero, dor e inconformidade, por não assegurar felicidade, tranqüilidade e utilidade, princípios norteadores da vida para os homens ressentidos. A conseqüente atividade, nascida de tal ressentimento e de uma existência considerada sem sentido, é a ação niilista, analisada a partir das considerações de Friedrich Nietzsche e Albert Camus, necessariamente reativa à vida e aos homens, que objetiva reivindicar o bem-estar e a estabilidade prometidos, desoprimir a dor que consome esse homem, ou mesmo, desfazer o passado, baseado num pseudo-direito de readquirir uma condição primeira, natural, de constante contentamento e êxito / This present dissertation had intended, in the first moment, to discuss the marking lines of the knowledges with which literature dialogues constantly, specially with philosophy. In the attempt of making visible the permeability of these knowledges, confronting borders and breaking the epistemological limits, we have analysed the book of short-histories Feliz Ano Novo, of Rubem Fonseca, from the central idea that the relation established between man and reality, relation presents in the characters of the mentioned short-histories, seems as an oblique production of paradox that cross the book, that is, as an overrate either of rational or sensitive, and never the tension between them basic characteristic of Rubem Fonsecas work. This apparent lack of logic the absurd oblique way how the world seems to men and narrative characters, is based on a tense relation established by them with the realization of reality, since life starts to mean anxiety, despair, pain and insatisfaction, because it does not assure happiness, tranquillity and utility, guiding principles of life for resented men. The following activity, origined from such resentment and from an existence considered meaningless, is the nihilistic action, analysed from the considerations of Friedrich Nietzsche and Albert Camus, which necessarily reacts to life and men, and purposes to claim the welfare and the promised estability, to relieve the pain that consumes this man, or still, undo the past, based on a self-made right of acquiring once more a first condition, natural, of constant joy and success

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente dissertação pretendeu, num primeiro momento, discutir as linhas demarcadoras dos saberes com as quais a literatura dialoga constantemente, especialmente com a filosofia. No exercício de tornar visível a permeabilidade dos saberes, confrontando fronteiras e rompendo com limites epistemológicos, analisamos o livro de contos Feliz Ano Novo, de Rubem Fonseca, a partir da idéia central de que a relação estabelecida entre homem e real, presente nos personagens dos contos mencionados, aparece como uma produção oblíqua de paradoxo que tangencia a obra, isto é, como uma supervalorização quer do racional quer do sensível, e nunca a tensão entre eles característica basilar da obra de Rubem Fonseca. Essa aparente falta de lógica o absurdo , maneira oblíqua como o mundo aparece para os homens e personagens narrativos, baseia-se na conflituosa relação que eles estabelecem com a sua realização de real, visto que a vida passa a denotar angústia, desespero, dor e inconformidade, por não assegurar felicidade, tranqüilidade e utilidade, princípios norteadores da vida para os homens ressentidos. A conseqüente atividade, nascida de tal ressentimento e de uma existência considerada sem sentido, é a ação niilista, analisada a partir das considerações de Friedrich Nietzsche e Albert Camus, necessariamente reativa à vida e aos homens, que objetiva reivindicar o bem-estar e a estabilidade prometidos, desoprimir a dor que consome esse homem, ou mesmo, desfazer o passado, baseado num pseudo-direito de readquirir uma condição primeira, natural, de constante contentamento e êxito / This present dissertation had intended, in the first moment, to discuss the marking lines of the knowledges with which literature dialogues constantly, specially with philosophy. In the attempt of making visible the permeability of these knowledges, confronting borders and breaking the epistemological limits, we have analysed the book of short-histories Feliz Ano Novo, of Rubem Fonseca, from the central idea that the relation established between man and reality, relation presents in the characters of the mentioned short-histories, seems as an oblique production of paradox that cross the book, that is, as an overrate either of rational or sensitive, and never the tension between them basic characteristic of Rubem Fonsecas work. This apparent lack of logic the absurd oblique way how the world seems to men and narrative characters, is based on a tense relation established by them with the realization of reality, since life starts to mean anxiety, despair, pain and insatisfaction, because it does not assure happiness, tranquillity and utility, guiding principles of life for resented men. The following activity, origined from such resentment and from an existence considered meaningless, is the nihilistic action, analysed from the considerations of Friedrich Nietzsche and Albert Camus, which necessarily reacts to life and men, and purposes to claim the welfare and the promised estability, to relieve the pain that consumes this man, or still, undo the past, based on a self-made right of acquiring once more a first condition, natural, of constant joy and success

Concept of pragmatic pedagogy is based on the education by experience, which is essential for an individual's development and for the directing of the individual's abilities. Art provides a form of specific experience based on which you can cultivate cognitive and emotional conditions of value judgments and thus contribute to the moral development of a child. The processes of experiencing, interpreting and evaluating the work of art are based on everyday experience and it relates to both the unique requirements of an individual and the conditions of a certain socio-cultural environment in which he lives.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:04:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tomain_cs_dr_fran.pdf: 1310739 bytes, checksum: 3b1bbf44a0aa1b003f100b4315956e16 (MD5) / Neste trabalho procurei refletir como se deu a representação da FEB e dos ex-combatentes brasileiros no cinema documentário contemporâneo, dos anos de 1990 e 2000, compreendendo a relação destes filmes com a memória da FEB e da participação do Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Nestes 60 anos de pós-guerra, o passado destes ex-combatentes foi submetido a quatro articulações que encontraram de uma maneira ou de outra ressonância no cinema: a memória “enquadrada” de 1944/45; a memória “emprestada” de 1960/70; a memória “atacada” de 1980/90 e a memória “em combate” de 2000. No fim da guerra foi forjada a imagem de uma FEB vitoriosa e de heróis nacionais, elegendo a conquista de Monte Castelo como o principal feito do soldado brasileiro na “Campanha da Itália”. O inverno europeu e os quatro ataques mal sucedidos ao Apenino transformaram Monte Castelo no maior mito da participação brasileira no conflito mundial. Mas os anos que se seguiram ao retorno da FEB ao Brasil foram acompanhados de um descaso total do Estado e da sociedade civil pelas experiências de guerra daqueles homens e mulheres que ainda mesmo na Itália já tinham sido desmobilizados. Foram nos anos de 1960/70 que a memória dos ex-combatentes assumiu nova conotação, tomada emprestada pelos militares no poder a “Campanha da Itália” passou a ser o horizonte para qual a sociedade civil e os militares deveriam olhar no tocante a uma nova luta que se configurava no cenário político nacional e internacional da época: a luta contra o comunismo foi a continuação da luta da FEB na Itália contra o nazi-fascismo. No entanto, este (res)sentimento de anticomunismo, que teve origem em 1935 com a Intentona Comunista e que veio sendo articulado e atualizado pelos militares ao longo dos anos, gerou um contra-sentimento de antimilitarismo em uma... / In this work I tried to reflect on how the representation of FEB and Brazilian former combatants at the contemporary documentary cinema was in the years of 1990 and 2000, understanding the relationship of those films with the recollection of FEB and the participation of Brazil in the Second World War. During the 60 after-war years, the past of these former combatants has been submitted to four connections which encountered, somehow or other, success at the cinema: the “framed” memory of 1944/45; the “lent” memory of 1960/70; the “attacked” memory of 1980/90 and the memory “in combat” of 2000. At the end of the war, an image of an victorious FEB and of national heroes was fabricated, electing the conquest of Monte Castelo (Mount Castle) as the main deed of the Brazilian soldier at the “Italian Campaign”. The European winter and the four badly-succeeded attacks to the Appennines transformed Monte Castelo into the biggest myth of the Brazilian participation in the world conflict. However, the years after the return of FEB to Brazil were followed by a total negligence from the State and the civil society by the war experiences of those men and women who, even in Italy, had already been demobilized. It was in the years of 1960/70 which the memory of the former combatants assumed a new connotation, borrowed by the militaries in the power. The “Italian Campaign” started being the horizon at which the civil society and the militaries should look when it comes to a new fight which was being formed at the national and international political scenario of such time: the fight against the Communism was the continuation of FEB’s fight in Italy against the nazi-fascism. However, this feeling/resentment of anti-communism, which started in 1935 with the Communist Intentona and which was being articulated and updated by the militaries along the years, provoked a counter-feeling of ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / En este trabajo busqué reflexionar como se dio la representación de FEB y de los ex combatientes brasileños en el cine documentario contemporáneo, de los años 1990 y 2000, comprendiendo la relación de estas películas con la memoria de FEB y de la participación de Brasil en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. En esos 60 años de posguerra, el pasado de esos ex combatientes fue sometido a cuatro articulaciones que encontraron de una manera o otra, resonancia en el cine: la memoria “encuadrada” de 1944/45; la memoria “prestada” de 1960/70; la memoria “atacada” de 1980/90 y la memoria “en combate” de 2000. En el fin de la guerra fue forjada la imagen de una FEB victoriosa y de héroes nacionales, eligiendo la conquista de Monte Castelo como el principal hecho del soldado brasileño en la “Campaña de Italia”. El invento europeo y los cuatros ataques sin éxito al Apenino transformaron Monte Castelo en el mayor mito de la participación brasileña en el conflicto mundial. Pero los años que se siguieron al retorno de FEB al Brasil fueron acompañados de un descaso total del Estado y de la sociedad civil por las experiencias de guerra de aquellos hombres y mujeres que todavía mismo en Italia ya habían sido desmovilizados. Fueron en los años de 1960/70 que la memoria de los ex combatientes asumió nueva connotación, tomada prestada por los militares en el poder la “Campaña de Italia” pasó a ser el horizonte para lo cual la sociedad civil y los militares deberían mirar en el tocante a una nueva lucha que se configuraba en el escenario político nacional e internacional de la época: la lucha contra el comunismo fue la continuación de la lucha de FEB en Italia contra el nazifascismo. Entretanto, este (re)sentimiento de anticomunismo, que tuvo origen en 1935 con la Intentona Comunista y que vino siendo articulada y actualizada por los militares a lo largo de los años, ... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletronico abajo)

Orientador: Márcia Regina Capelari Naxara / Banca: Jacy Alves Seixas / Banca: Josette Maria Alves de Souza Monzani / Banca: Luiz Carlos Ribeiro / Banca: Tania da Costa Garcia / Resumo: Neste trabalho procurei refletir como se deu a representação da FEB e dos ex-combatentes brasileiros no cinema documentário contemporâneo, dos anos de 1990 e 2000, compreendendo a relação destes filmes com a memória da FEB e da participação do Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Nestes 60 anos de pós-guerra, o passado destes ex-combatentes foi submetido a quatro articulações que encontraram de uma maneira ou de outra ressonância no cinema: a memória "enquadrada" de 1944/45; a memória "emprestada" de 1960/70; a memória "atacada" de 1980/90 e a memória "em combate" de 2000. No fim da guerra foi forjada a imagem de uma FEB vitoriosa e de heróis nacionais, elegendo a conquista de Monte Castelo como o principal feito do soldado brasileiro na "Campanha da Itália". O inverno europeu e os quatro ataques mal sucedidos ao Apenino transformaram Monte Castelo no maior mito da participação brasileira no conflito mundial. Mas os anos que se seguiram ao retorno da FEB ao Brasil foram acompanhados de um descaso total do Estado e da sociedade civil pelas experiências de guerra daqueles homens e mulheres que ainda mesmo na Itália já tinham sido desmobilizados. Foram nos anos de 1960/70 que a memória dos ex-combatentes assumiu nova conotação, tomada emprestada pelos militares no poder a "Campanha da Itália" passou a ser o horizonte para qual a sociedade civil e os militares deveriam olhar no tocante a uma nova luta que se configurava no cenário político nacional e internacional da época: a luta contra o comunismo foi a continuação da luta da FEB na Itália contra o nazi-fascismo. No entanto, este (res)sentimento de anticomunismo, que teve origem em 1935 com a Intentona Comunista e que veio sendo articulado e atualizado pelos militares ao longo dos anos, gerou um contra-sentimento de antimilitarismo em uma ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In this work I tried to reflect on how the representation of FEB and Brazilian former combatants at the contemporary documentary cinema was in the years of 1990 and 2000, understanding the relationship of those films with the recollection of FEB and the participation of Brazil in the Second World War. During the 60 after-war years, the past of these former combatants has been submitted to four connections which encountered, somehow or other, success at the cinema: the "framed" memory of 1944/45; the "lent" memory of 1960/70; the "attacked" memory of 1980/90 and the memory "in combat" of 2000. At the end of the war, an image of an victorious FEB and of national heroes was fabricated, electing the conquest of Monte Castelo (Mount Castle) as the main deed of the Brazilian soldier at the "Italian Campaign". The European winter and the four badly-succeeded attacks to the Appennines transformed Monte Castelo into the biggest myth of the Brazilian participation in the world conflict. However, the years after the return of FEB to Brazil were followed by a total negligence from the State and the civil society by the war experiences of those men and women who, even in Italy, had already been demobilized. It was in the years of 1960/70 which the memory of the former combatants assumed a new connotation, borrowed by the militaries in the power. The "Italian Campaign" started being the horizon at which the civil society and the militaries should look when it comes to a new fight which was being formed at the national and international political scenario of such time: the fight against the Communism was the continuation of FEB's fight in Italy against the nazi-fascism. However, this feeling/resentment of anti-communism, which started in 1935 with the Communist Intentona and which was being articulated and updated by the militaries along the years, provoked a counter-feeling of ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Resumen: En este trabajo busqué reflexionar como se dio la representación de FEB y de los ex combatientes brasileños en el cine documentario contemporáneo, de los años 1990 y 2000, comprendiendo la relación de estas películas con la memoria de FEB y de la participación de Brasil en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. En esos 60 años de posguerra, el pasado de esos ex combatientes fue sometido a cuatro articulaciones que encontraron de una manera o otra, resonancia en el cine: la memoria "encuadrada" de 1944/45; la memoria "prestada" de 1960/70; la memoria "atacada" de 1980/90 y la memoria "en combate" de 2000. En el fin de la guerra fue forjada la imagen de una FEB victoriosa y de héroes nacionales, eligiendo la conquista de Monte Castelo como el principal hecho del soldado brasileño en la "Campaña de Italia". El invento europeo y los cuatros ataques sin éxito al Apenino transformaron Monte Castelo en el mayor mito de la participación brasileña en el conflicto mundial. Pero los años que se siguieron al retorno de FEB al Brasil fueron acompañados de un descaso total del Estado y de la sociedad civil por las experiencias de guerra de aquellos hombres y mujeres que todavía mismo en Italia ya habían sido desmovilizados. Fueron en los años de 1960/70 que la memoria de los ex combatientes asumió nueva connotación, tomada prestada por los militares en el poder la "Campaña de Italia" pasó a ser el horizonte para lo cual la sociedad civil y los militares deberían mirar en el tocante a una nueva lucha que se configuraba en el escenario político nacional e internacional de la época: la lucha contra el comunismo fue la continuación de la lucha de FEB en Italia contra el nazifascismo. Entretanto, este (re)sentimiento de anticomunismo, que tuvo origen en 1935 con la Intentona Comunista y que vino siendo articulada y actualizada por los militares a lo largo de los años, ... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletronico abajo) / Doutor