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DEd (Curriculum Studies) / Department of Curriculum Studies / Although on its introduction the focus of the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) was to improve health and nutritional status of South African school children, it was put in place to improve school attendance, curb absenteeism and drop-out by children of school going age as a result of hunger and poverty. It was also meant to improve the learning capacity of children since access to nutritious meals has the potential to improve their concentration levels during instructional discourses, which can enhance the quality of educational outcomes. This study explored the views of education stakeholders on the challenges they encountered in implementing the NSNP in achieving its educational goals at two schools in the Vhembe District in South Africa. Specifically, the study investigated how the NSNP influences school access, attendance and participation at schools that are benefiting from the NSNP in an endeavour to establish strategies for improving the quality of schooling. Abraham Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs was applied to explain how children’s basic needs can be a foundation to their educational needs and aspirations. A case study design involving two schools was adopted for the study and the qualitative research approach was employed. Purposive sampling method was employed to select two secondary school principals, ten secondary school class teachers per school, ten learners who were beneficiaries of the NSNP and ten of their counterparts who were not on NSNP per school, and two circuit NSNP officers. Individual and focus group interviews, documentary study and observations were used to collect data, which were analysed thematically. The findings of the study revealed that: the National School Nutrition Programme is a credible strategy for learners from poor backgrounds to access schooling and reduce their school drop-out; there was no clear difference in academic performance between leaners who participated and those who opted out of the Programme; educators felt overwhelmed by administrative work for the feeding programme, which compromised on their co-responsibilities; there were inadequate workshops to equip service providers of the Programme; food was provided under poor hygiene conditions which made some learners to opt out of the Programme; Programme records had inaccurate information. Based on the main study findings, the study recommended that the programme should continue as the majority of learners were benefiting; the Programme should have its own v administrative personnel; there should be regular staff development workshops on the Programme; schools should erect proper infrastructure for food storage and service; a multi- ministerial team of experts from health, education Programme; and all schools that have the Programme should maintain nutrition gardens for provision of fresh food. Finally, for the effective role-taking by duty-bearers for the Programme, the study concluded by recommending a model called the Increasing Achievement Mode for the National School Nutrition Programme.

En tredjedel av all mat som produceras för människor når aldrig en mänsklig mage. Sveriges kommuner beskrivs i regeringens handlingsplan för Agenda 2030 som en mycket viktig del i omställningen för ett hållbart samhälle och den offentliga måltiden benämns vara en angelägen del i det arbetet. Vi genomförde fallstudier på tre svenska skolor och utvärderade hur matsvinn i skolkök påverkas av synen på mat, hur graden av engagemang och kunskap påverkar svinnet samt huruvida städer och kommuner kan stödja skolorna i arbetet mot svinnet. Det gjordes genom att studera tidigare forskning samt utföra intervjuer, observationer och enkäter.Resultatet i vår undersökning visade att skolorna i Göteborg hade betydligt lägre andel matsvinn än skolan i Malmö. De främsta skillnaderna handlade inte om arbetet i matsalen, utan om övergripande attityder till hur arbetet med matsvinn ska bedrivas. Kommuner och städer kan bidra till skolan och skolkökens minskade matsvinn genom att tydligt signalera att frågan ligger högt på agendan. På så vis finns en möjlighet att sprida en kultur och ett engagemang för uppgiften. I Göteborg mäts matsvinnet dagligen och utvärderas och följs upp månadsvis. Det har gjort att kökspersonalen upplever matsvinnsarbetet som en integrerad och självklar del i det dagliga arbetet. I Malmö läggs mer ansvar över på de enskilda medarbetarna i köken.För elever kan mat vara så mycket mer än bara mat. Särskilt för äldre barnen kan maten bli en del av identitetsskapandet. Vi har undersökt hur elever, kökspersonal och pedagoger kan påverka varandras attityder till maten i skolköken. Det som särskilde den av skolorna med allra lägst matsvinn var kökspersonalens kommunikation med eleverna kring maten vid själva serveringen. / One third of all food produced never reaches a human stomach. Sweden's municipalities are described in the Swedish Government's action plan for Agenda 2030 as a very important part of the change for a sustainable society and the public meal is regarded as a key player to achieve this goal. We conducted case studies at three Swedish schools and evaluated how food waste in school kitchens is affected by our view on food, how the degree of commitment and knowledge affects waste and whether, and how, cities and municipalities can support schools in their measures to reduce food waste. We did this by studying previous research and conducting interviews, observations and surveys.The results of our study showed that the schools in Gothenburg had a significantly lower proportion of food waste than the school in Malmö. The main differences were not about the work in the school cafeteria, instead it came down to the overall behaviour about how the work on food waste should be dealt with. Municipalities and cities can contribute to school and school kitchen's reduced food waste by clearly signalling that the issue is high on the agenda. In this way, there is an opportunity to spread a culture and commitment to the task. In Gothenburg, food waste is measured daily and evaluated and followed up on a monthly basis. This has made the kitchen staff experience the food waste work as an integral and natural part in the daily work. In Malmö, more responsibility is placed on the individual employees in the kitchen.To pupils, food can be so much more than just food. In particular for adolescents food can play an important role in building their identity. We have researched how students, kitchen staff and teachers can influence each other's behaviour towards food in school kitchens. What distinguished the school with the lowest food waste from the others was the communication of the kitchen staff with the students about the food at the actual serving.

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Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-27T14:16:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WALNARA ARNAUD MOURA FORMIGA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2014..pdf: 979309 bytes, checksum: 70885f08071f780bdfe065c9f3efc299 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-27T14:16:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WALNARA ARNAUD MOURA FORMIGA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2014..pdf: 979309 bytes, checksum: 70885f08071f780bdfe065c9f3efc299 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / O presente estudo teve como objetivo promover a introdução do mel de abelha na alimentação escolar de um estabelecimento de ensino fundamental urbano no município de São Domingos-PB. A pesquisa teve um caráter descritivo, uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa e participativa, o estudo foi realizado na Escola Maria Marques de Assis, tendo como população os 180 alunos matriculados, a diretora, os professores e as merendeiras da unidade em análise, além dos agricultores familiares rurais locais que vendem e/ou venderam alimentos para alimentação escolar, da prefeita e secretária municipal de educação. Para os alunos fez-se uma amostragem estabelecida de acordo com o proposto por Barbetta (2001), assim, o número de alunos foi igual a 60 crianças com idade variando entre 9 e 13 anos, desses alunos foram formados 2 grupos para estudo, cada um com 30 alunos, sendo o grupo 1 formado por estudantes do turno manhã e que receberam educação nutricional sobre o mel e o grupo 2 formado por alunos do turno tarde que não tiveram nenhuma atividade pedagógica referente ao estudo, aplicou-se questionários aos alunos antes e após a oferta de mel de abelha na merenda, desenvolveu-se atividades pedagógicas sobre os benefícios do mel com o grupo 1 de alunos e sobre apicultura com os agricultores, infligiu-se questionários com professores, diretora, merendeiras, agricultores, prefeita e secretária de educação. As informações foram analisadas usando o programa estatístico IBM SPSS Statistics, versão 21 de 2012 e utilizando a técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Concluiu-se que a introdução do mel é viável desde que se tenha um trabalho pedagógico de educação nutricional, pois o grupo 1 de alunos apresentou índice de aceitabilidade superior ao mínimo estabelecido pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE), enquanto que no grupo 2 de alunos o índice de aceitabilidade foi inferior ao mínimo exigido. Os agricultores locais demonstraram interesse em produzir mel, as gestoras municipais desenvolveram ações reais que poderão proporcionar a inserção permanente do mel no cardápio escolar e um desenvolvimento sustentável local, criando o Sistema de Inspeção Municipal e firmando parcerias com o SEBRAE (Serviço brasileiro de apoio à micro e pequena empresa) para incentivar o agronegócio apícola local.

Η πραγματοποίηση αυτής της μελέτης έγινε με σκοπό να διερευνήσει τις θεσμικές ρυθμίσεις, τις διαδικασίες και τους τρόπους με τους οποίους σχεδιάσθηκε, συγκροτήθηκε, οργανώθηκε και ασκήθηκε η εκπαιδευτική πολιτική για την Σχολική Υγιεινή στη χώρα μας κατά την περίοδο 1911 - 1949. Η εργασία εστιάζεται στη συγκέντρωση, αξιολόγηση και θεματολογική ταξινόμηση του πρωτογενούς υλικού με την μέθοδο της ιστορικής έρευνας (ιστορικοσυγκριτική ανάλυση: Καζαμίας, 2002) με στόχο την κατανόηση με φαντασία (Carr, 1983) και την ερμηνεία των ιστορικών τεκμηρίων (ιστορική ερμηνευτική προσέγγιση: Πυργιωτάκης, Ι. & Παπαδάκης, Ν., 1998). Με την ενδελεχή διερεύνηση των ιστορικών μας τεκμηρίων επιχειρούμε την ανασύνθεση της ιστορικής πραγματικότητας, αλλά και την ανάλυση και ερμηνεία των γεγονότων σε μια χρονική περίοδο (1911-1949) που καλύπτει την περίοδο, όπου παρατηρούνται οι σημαντικότερες πολιτικές κοινωνικής πρόνοιας και αντίληψης στο χώρο της σχολικής υγιεινής. Η δική μας, επομένως προσέγγιση δεν είναι γεγονοτογραφική (Δημαράς, 1988), δε μένει στο τι έγινε αλλά επιχειρεί και απαντήσεις στα γιατί; Ερμηνεύει (ερμηνεύουσα ιστορία: Δερτιλής, 1995) στηριγμένη σε θεωρητικές προσεγγίσεις περί Κράτους Πρόνοιας και Νέας Αγωγής. Χρησιμοποιώντας την ποιοτική ανάλυση περιεχομένου (Berelson, 1952), εξετάσαμε τις διαφοροποιήσεις που υπήρξαν για τη θεσμική εξέλιξή της στις χρονικές περιόδους – τομές και για τις εξής παραμέτρους – κατηγορίες ανάλυσης: την υγιεινή των διδακτηρίων, του μαθητή, των διδασκόντων, την σχολιατρική υπηρεσία και τον σχολιατρικό έλεγχο, τα μέτρα σχολικής μέριμνας που ελήφθησαν από το κράτος με ιδιαίτερες αναφορές στα μαθητικά – σχολικά συσσίτια καθώς και στην δημιουργία θεσμών ευρύτερης κοινωνικής αντίληψης όπως: οι παιδικές εξοχές – μαθητικές κατασκηνώσεις, τα υπαίθρια σχολεία, τα σχολικά λουτρά, τα μαθητικά ιατρεία – σχολικές κλινικές και τα κέντρα μαθητικής αντίληψης. Επίσης, τη διδασκαλία του μαθήματος της υγιεινής και τέλος, την εκλαΐκευση και τα περιοδικά σχολικής υγιεινής, ξεκινώντας από τις δύο βενιζελικές περιόδους, προχωρώντας στη μεταξική περίοδο και συνεχίζοντας στη μεταπολεμική περίοδο μέχρι και το 1949. Ιστορικοί, πολιτικοί, οικονομικοί, επιστημονικοί και γεωγραφικοί παράγοντες επηρέαζαν την υγεία των παιδιών, η οποία ήταν συνυφασμένη με τις πολιτισμικές και κοινωνικές συνθήκες και τους όρους διαβίωσης κάθε κοινωνικής ομάδας ή ατόμου σε κάθε εποχή στην χώρας μας. Εν κατακλείδι, η πρόβλεψη υπηρεσιών υγιεινής για τα παιδιά της σχολικής ηλικίας, σύμφωνα και με τις επιστημονικές επιταγές, κατείχε υψηλή προτεραιότητα στα προγράμματα υγειονομικής και κοινωνικής πολιτικής του κράτους, χαρακτηριζόμενη όμως, συχνά, από μια αναντιστοιχία των νομοθετημάτων με την πορεία υλοποίησης και εφαρμογής τους. Ως αιτίες αυτών των αναντιστοιχιών, πέραν των εσωτερικών πολιτικών αντιφάσεων, μπορούν να εντοπισθούν η πολιτική ρευστότητα της εποχής και η οικονομική δυσπραγία όσον αφορά στα δημοσιονομικά μεγέθη του Ελληνικού δημοσίου / The purpose of this study is to investigate the institutional regulations, processes and modes of planning, formation, organization and making education policy for the school sanitation and hygiene in Greece during the period 1911-1949. The study focuses on the collection, evaluation and thematic classification of the primary sources with the method of historical research (comparative-historical analysis: Kazamias, 2002) in order to comprehend with imagination (Carr, 1983) and to interpret the historical presumptions (an interpretive-historical approach: Pyrgiotakis, I. & Papadakis, N. 1998). Through the detailed research of our historical documents, we are attempting not only to recompose the historical reality but also to analyse and to interpret the facts during the period 1911-1949, a period characterized by the most important welfare state policies in the area of the school sanitation and hygiene. Thus, our approach is not a fact-based approach (Dimaras, 1988), it does not confine itself to what happened but it also attempts to provide answers to “why”. It interprets (interpreting history: Dertilis, 1995), based on welfare state and new education theoretical approaches. Using the qualitative content analysis (Berelson, 1952), we examined the differentiations of the institutional progress in the periods-sections and for the following parameters-analysis categories: school sanitation, students’ hygiene, teachers’ hygiene, medical and health service/control in school, medicare and perception measures in schools on behalf of the state (with special references to school lunch mess and to the creation of wider social perception institutions like: childhood countries-student camps, outdoor schools, student baths, student health centers-student clinics and the centers of student perception), hygiene education, popularization and the school hygiene magazines, from the two “venizelians” periods, the metaxian and the post war period to 1949. Historical, political, financial, scientific and geographical factors were affecting the children’s health, connected to the cultural and social conditions and the living conditions of every social group or individual during all epochs of our country. In conclusion, the health services for school age children were having a big priority in sanitation and social policy programs, characterised although quite often by discrepancy between laws and their implementation. This is due not only to the internal political contradictions but also to the political fluidity of that era and to the economic recession related to the greek state financial sizes.