Addressing school climate and violence in schools requires school management skills. The 2011 School Violence Act in Chile promulgated the mandatory creation of the school climate coordinator (SCC). However, the law did not establish a defined profile, specific functions, or working hours for the SCC, and only recently have school administrators given SCCs more time for this position. This has created a flexible operating framework for the position, which could have implications in terms of the labor identity of the SCCs. This exploratory study employed a qualitative case study. An exploratory focus group was conducted with the school climate committee and three in-depth interviews with the SCC of one municipal school. Content analyses revealed the ambiguity of the SCC figure due to a fragmentation of roles in the areas of pedagogy, administration and school climate, creating a scenario where the roles of teacher, inspector, and SCC are segmented. We discuss how the notion of school climate is separated within the school practice from the dimensions of pedagogy school management, and its possible effects. / Abordar la convivencia y violencia en las escuelas requiere de capacidades de gestión escolar. La Ley de Violencia Escolar en Chile de 2011 promulgó la creación obligatoria de la figura del encargado de convivencia escolar (ECE). Sin embargo, la ley no estableció un perfil definido, funciones específicas, ni horas de trabajo para el ECE, y solo paulatinamente los sostenedores han ido aumentando las horas laborales para ejercer este cargo. Ello ha generado un marco flexible de funcionamiento para el ECE, que podría tener implicancias en la construcción de su identidad laboral. Este estudio exploratorio utilizó un método de investigación cualitativa a partir del desarrollo de un estudio caso único de un ECE. Se produjo información a través de un grupo focal con el comité de convivencia escolar y entrevistas en profundidad al ECE de la escuela. Usando el método de análisis de contenido, los resultados revelan la ambigüedad de la identidad del ECE, por contar con roles segmentados en las áreas de pedagogía, administración y convivencia escolar. Se discute cómo en la práctica escolar la noción de convivencia es separada de las dimensiones de pedagogía y gestión, y cuáles son sus efectos. / L’approche de la coexistence et de la violence dans les écoles nécessite des compétences en gestion scolaire. La loi sur la violence scolaire au Chili de 2011 a promulgué la création obligatoire de la personne en charge de la coexistence scolaire (ECE). Cependant, la loi n’a pas établi de profil défini, de fonctions spécifiques ou d’heures de travail pour la ECE, et ce n’est que progressivement que les partisans ont augmenté leurs heures de travail pour exercer ce poste. Cela a généré un cadre opérationnel souple pour la ECE, ce qui pourrait avoir des implications pour la construction de leur identité de travail. Cette étude exploratoire a utilisé une méthode de recherche qualitative à partir du développement d’une seule étude de cas d’une ECE. L’information a été produite à travers un groupe de discussion avec le comité de coexistence de l’école et des entretiens approfondis avec l’ECE de l’école. À l’aide de la méthode d’analyse de contenu, les résultats révèlent l’ambiguïté de l’identité de la ECE, pour avoir des rôles segmentés dans les domaines de la pédagogie, de l’administration et de la coexistence scolaire. Il est discuté comment dans la pratique scolaire la notion de coexistence est séparée des notions de pédagogie et de gestion, et quels sont leurs effets. / Abordar a convivência e a violência nas escolas requer habilidades de gestão escolar. A Lei de Violência Escolar de 2011 no Chile promulgou a criação obrigatória do coordenador de convivência escolar (CCE). No entanto, a lei não estabeleceu um perfil definido, funções específicas ou horas de trabalho para a CCE, e gradualmente a equipe de suporte estava aumentando o horário de trabalho para essa posição. Isso criou um quadro operacional flexível para a CCE, que poderia ter implicações para a construção de sua identidade de trabalho. Este estudo exploratório utilizou um método de pesquisa qualitativa a partir do desenvolvimento de um único estudo de caso de um CCE. A informação foi produzida através de um grupo focal com o comitê de convivência escolar e entrevistas em profundidade com a CCE da escola. Usando o método de análise de conteúdo, os resultados revelam a ambiguidade da identidade da ECE, porque tem papéis segmentados nas áreas de pedagogia, administração e convivência escolar. É discutido como na prática escolar a noção de convivência é separada das dimensões da pedagogia e gestão, e quais são seus efeitos.

Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

Identification of aggression in Junior Primary school learners often becomes a difficult task due to the lack of appropriate measuring instruments. The assessment instruments used presently are unable to identify the subtypes of aggression. In order to address this limitation in the field of aggression, the present investigation was undertaken. A literature study was done where the concept aggression was defined and the relationship and differences between the subtypes of aggression (physical, verbal, reactive and proactive aggression) were examined. The factors that relate to aggression, namely, biological, personality, environmental and social, parental influence, frustration and media influences were identified. A reliable measuring instrument was developed to identify the four main subtypes of aggression in junior primary learners. The results of the empirical investigation indicated that there were significant positive correlations between the subtypes of aggression. Gender and intellectual potential do not appear to have a significant bearing on childhood aggression. The educational implications of the findings are discussed and guidelines regarding treatment of childhood aggression are given for both educators and parents. / Education Studies / M.Ed.

This study investigated the causes and manifestation of aggression among secondary school learners. Aggression was defined. Various theories of aggression were discussed. From the literature study, nine hypotheses were developed. The study used a quantitative approach by means of a survey design. The research site was a rural, secondary school. A closed-ended questionnaire was used as data collection tool. Only learners were involved as respondents. The impact of various moderator variables was considered. The study discovered that aggressive behaviour is not confined to a specific gender. Above all, female aggression is on the rise. Possible causative factors were confirmed and risk factors were identified. Recommendations were made in line with the findings based on the empirical results. Limitations of the study were also pointed out. / Education Studies / M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)

The phenomenon of aggression has been of interest to psychologists for many years, and has resulted in a variety of theories which-attempt to explain its existence in man. Aggression is prevalent in our primary schools today and it was this observation which initiated the research project. The Relationship Theory was applied in order to gain insight into the life-world of the aggressive child and to explore possible causes which may originate from changes in our society. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. with specialisation in Guidance and Counselling (Psychology of Education)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:30:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5826.pdf: 1477811 bytes, checksum: 7e98346cb582d2360d7e7ca4a0cb751a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / School victimization may favor the occurrence of traumatic symptoms and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This Doctoral Thesis had the following objectives: validate the American retrospective instrument Student Alienation and Trauma Survey - R (SATS-R), to Brazil, in terms of construct and content validity; characterize how violence is expressed at school, identifying the main types of violence, the worst school events experienced by students, the frequency and duration of these events, main perpetrators, as well as victims' characteristics (age, grade and type of school); investigate the occurrence of traumatic symptoms, especially PTSD, after the worst school experience; analyze the association between PTSD symptoms and variables associated with the worst school experience, and investigate the relationship between the explanatory variables (individual characteristics and aversive school experiences), and development of PTSD symptoms, using an ordinal logistic regression model. The study included 691 students (54.8% female and 45.2% male), of a public university in São Paulo State, Brazil, who responded to Portuguese versions of the Student Alienation and Trauma Survey-R (SATS-R) and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version (PCL-C). In terms of content validity, the following procedures were conducted: translation, back-translation, semantic equivalence, instrument analysis by experts in the field, and a sample assessment of the target population; for construct validity, an exploratory factor analysis was conduct and Cronbach's alpha was calculated. The study results indicate the feasibility of using the instrument in the Brazilian context for research purposes. Frequency of victimization types reported by participants were: relational violence (at least one item reported by 85.2%); verbal violence (77.7%); physical violence (50.8%); unfair discipline (43.1%); property violence (33.4%); witnessing violence (27.9%); and sexual violence (21.4%). The most frequent types of worst school experiences described were: relational (35.7%), and verbal violence (27.4%). Girls experienced more episodes of verbal, relational and sexual violence, and boys experienced more physical violence and unfair discipline, and the aggressors were mostly male students. The mean age when these worst experiences occurred was 12.3 years, and although most events occurred at low frequency and with short duration, a considerable percentage of participants indicated a duration of "years", particularly in verbal and relational victimization cases. Most participants indicated that they were greatly bothered by their worst school experience, and 7.8% had PTSD symptons after experiencing this event. The percentage of participants with clinically significant scores on the subscales ranged from 4.7% (somatic symptoms) to 20% (hypervigilance), and described symptoms frequently in the literature, such as depression, hopelessness, cognitive difficulties and traumatic event recollection. Significant variables for the regression model were: age, duration and discomfort after the worst experience; relational violence; and verbal violence. In general, student who expressed the greatest discomfort, reported traumatic experiences that were longer in duration, occured when they were older, and the greater the number of verbal and relational victimization events experienced, the greater the possibility of presenting clinically significant symptoms of PTSD. Despite the limitations of the retrospective methodo, the study obtained interesting results which coincide with the literature, drawing attention to the long-term effects of school victimization. In addition, these results may contribute to the development of new research on the topic, as well as offering treatment parameters for victims who were traumatized in school, improving school violence prevention programs. / A vitimização escolar pode favorecer a ocorrência de sintomas traumáticos, como de Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT). A presente Tese de Doutorado teve os seguintes objetivos: buscar evidências de validade de conteúdo e de constructo do instrumento retrospectivo norte-americano Student Alienation and Trauma Survey R (SATS-R), para o Brasil; caracterizar como a violência se expressa na escola, identificando os principais tipos de violência, as piores experiências escolares vivenciadas por estudantes, a frequência e a duração desses eventos, os agressores principais, bem como as características das vítimas (idade, série e tipo de escola); investigar a ocorrência de sintomas traumáticos, principalmente TEPT, nos estudantes, após a vivência da pior experiência escolar; analisar a associação dos sintomas de TEPT a variáveis relacionadas à pior experiência escolar; e investigar o relacionamento de variáveis explicativas (características do indivíduo e das experiências escolares aversivas vivenciadas) e o desenvolvimento de sintomas de TEPT, por meio de um modelo de regressão logística ordinal. Participaram do estudo 691 estudantes (54,8% do sexo feminino e 45,2% do masculino), de uma universidade pública do interior do estado de São Paulo, que responderam a versões brasileiras dos instrumentos Student Alienation and Trauma Survey e Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Civilian Version (PCL-C). Para a validação de conteúdo, foram feitas: tradução, retrotradução, equivalência semântica, análise do instrumento por profissionais da área e avaliação por amostra da população alvo; para a validação de constructo foi realizada análise fatorial exploratória e cálculo do alfa de Cronbach do instrumento. Os resultados do estudo apontaram para a viabilidade da utilização do instrumento no contexto brasileiro para fins de pesquisa. A frequência dos tipos de vitimização relatados pelos participantes foi: violência relacional (ao menos um item relatado por 85,2%), violência verbal (77,7%) violência física (50,8%), disciplina injusta (43,1%), violência contra o patrimônio (33,4%), presenciar violência (27,9%) e violência sexual (21,4%). Os tipos de piores experiências mais frequentes descritos foram violência relacional (35,7%) e verbal (27,4%). As meninas sofreram mais episódios de violência verbal, relacional e sexual e os meninos violência física e disciplina injusta, sendo que os agressores foram, em sua maioria, estudantes e do sexo masculino. A idade média de ocorrência das piores experiências foi 12,3 anos e, embora a maior parte dos eventos tenha ocorrido em baixa frequência e com curta duração, porcentagem considerável dos participantes apontou duração de anos nos casos de vitimização verbal e relacional, principalmente. A maior parte dos participantes apontou ter se incomodado muito com a pior experiência escolar, sendo que 7,8% apresentaram indicação de TEPT após a vivência dessa experiência. A porcentagem de participantes com escores clinicamente significativos nas subescalas variou de 4,7% (sintomas somáticos) a 20% (hipervigilância), sendo frequentes sintomas comumente descritos na literatura como depressão, desesperança, dificuldades cognitivas e rememoração do evento traumático. As variáveis significativas para o modelo de regressão realizado foram: idade, duração e incômodo após a pior experiência, violência relacional e violência verbal. De forma geral, quanto maior o incômodo do estudante, maior a duração da experiência, maior a idade e quanto mais eventos vivenciados de vitimização relacional e verbal, maior a possibilidade de apresentação de sintomas clinicamente significativos de TEPT. Apesar das limitações da metodologia retrospectiva, foram obtidos resultados interessantes que coincidem com a literatura, chamando a atenção para os efeitos a longo prazo da vitimização escolar. Além disso, o estudo pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas sobre o tema, bem como oferecer parâmetros de tratamento às vítimas que apresentem sintomas decorrentes de experiências traumáticas na escola, podendo aprimorar, também, programas de prevenção à violência escolar.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Education in the Faculty of Education and Social Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2014 / This study aimed to determine learners' understanding and experiences of the different types of bullying and to examine the extent of bullying and roles they have been exposed to in various types of bullying. The research question was: What are primary school learners. understanding and experiences of bullying? Literature indicates that bullying can be executed in direct and indirect forms (Olweus, 1993:10; Boulton et al., 2002:354; Hunter & Boyle, 2002:324; Piskin, 2003:556; Lee, 2004:9). Direct bullying can be defined as relatively open attacks on a victim (Boulton et al., 2002:354) that are carried out face to face and may include pushing, kicking and fighting (Lee, 2004:10). Indirect bullying can be defined as being more subtle and less direct (Boulton et al., 2002:354) and will include behaviour such as social isolation and exclusion from a group. This study used the Olweus Intervention Method (1995), which offers a theoretical framework that could help the researcher find meaning in respect of the roles of the bully, victim and bystander. Urie Bronfenbrenner.s ecological theory (Bronfenbrenner,1998:993-1027) of human development was used as a lens for understanding bullying. Bronfenbrenner places child development within four different interacting levels, for example, the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem and macrosystem (Sigelman & Schaffer, 1995:87). The researcher used a mixed-method research design as it could provide a better understanding of how learners understand their experiences of bullying . whether they were the victim, bully or witness. The total sample comprised 296 Intermediate Phase learners. The study began with a quantitative method, testing the understanding of concepts, and using a questionnaire for learners, and thereafter concluded with a qualitative method comprising a small number of learners (interviews with a focus group), exploring their experiences of bullying. The quantitative data was analysed by means of descriptive statistics to present simple summaries about the sample and the measures. The responses were recorded in frequency tables and percentages were calculated to determine general trends. The qualitative data was systematically organised into themes and patterns to bring meaning to the themes by telling a story. Information obtained from respondents was treated as highly confidential and the research findings were presented with integrity. The results indicated that most learners have not been exposed to bullying as victims, although a high number of incidences were reported. Older boys were mostly involved in incidences of physical violence. Of significance is the fact that the main kind of bullying was that of emotional bullying. Table 4.7 shows that mostly boys are teased (37.0%), while Table 4.16 shows teasing others mostly occurs between learners of the same age (30.4%). On the other hand, Table 4.17 reveals that mostly girls are prone to spread rumours about others (17.5%) of the same age as themselves (26%) and fall prey to this type of emotional bullying.

O presente trabalho desenvolve uma reflexão sobre as violências presentes no contexto escolar. A violência é compreendida como uma manifestação histórica e social, de múltiplas e complexas faces, que interage com o ambiente cultural da escola. Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica, desenvolvida a partir de um estudo documental sobre violência escolar e de um estudo de caso em escolas públicas localizadas no município de São Paulo. Um dos objetivos deste trabalho foi identificar as faces da violência no contexto escolar, apresentando uma síntese da leitura de mundo sobre o tema a partir de pesquisas realizadas após os anos 90. A tese teve ainda por objetivo caracterizar o tema da violência nas obras elaboradas por Paulo Freire, de modo a explicitar as dimensões tomadas pelo autor para denunciá-la e apontar possibilidades de construção de um outro mundo possível. Os levantamentos realizados para revisão da literatura sobre violência escolar buscaram consultar resultados de pesquisa apresentados sob a forma de artigos e livros. Entre os procedimentos metodológicos e técnico-operacionais adotados para a construção teórica e o estudo documental estão estudo temático e análise textual. Percebeu-se que a violência escolar deve ser considerada em dois planos. Por um lado, considera-se a dimensão material e objetiva, por meio das perdas materiais e diferentes agressões físicas. Na dimensão simbólica consideraram-se a sutil imposição de significações alheias à comunidade com destaque para a rejeição ao diferente e a crescente insegurança, medo e receio diante das relações interpessoais. A indicação de Paulo Freire é a de que a reação dos oprimidos poderá confrontar a consciência necrófila presente nos gestos e nas ações violentas. Os oprimidos, assumindo a vocação do ser mais, a vocação de valorização da vida, acima dos desejos e interesses mesquinhos e individualistas, assumindo como instrumento de luta a amorosidade, poderão constituir outra civilização, mais humana, com menos opressão e menos injustiça. As violências escolares, tomadas como objeto de investigação e reflexão, relacionadas às considerações desenvolvidas por Paulo Freire permitem compreender que é possível um enfrentamento histórico, no âmbito social e escolar. O trabalho aponta para a escola pública e popular, fundamentada em de concepções e práticas críticas e progressistas de educação, que deve constituir-se (historicamente) como espaço de conscientização, luta e enfrentamento das várias manifestações de violência que afligem e atingem seus sujeitos. Um dos caminhos férteis é o diálogo, a educação dialógica e libertadora. / Some reflections are presented in this work trying to account for various kinds of violence observed to exist in the school context. Violence is here understood as a social and historical manifestation of a multiplicity of complex dimensions and factors, which interact with the cultural environment of the school. We are dealing here with a theoretical investigation primarily based on a documentary study of school violence and, additionally, in a study of municipal public schools in São Paulo. One of the main objectives with this study was to identify the various dimensions of violence in the school context. This was done by presenting a synthesis of available readings of the world (\"leitura do mundo\") concerning this topic, based on the analysis of various studies carried out after the 1990s. Moreover, another aim with this thesis was to characterize violence as a theme addressed by Paulo Freire in various of his works. Whereby he made explicitly identified some dimensions of violence both to denounce them as well as to point towards alternative possibilities to construct another possible world. In the review of the literature dealing with school violence, we gave priority to research results found in books and scientific articles. Thematic study and text analysis were included among the various methodological and social research techniques used in this work to support our theoretical constructs and also as guidelines for our documentary work. The concluded that school violence must be considered in two distinct planes. On the one hand, with reference to the material and objective losses and different kinds of physical aggresions. On the other hand, taking into account the symbolic dimension, one refers to the subtle imposition of inappropiate meanings attached to the violent acts in the community, with a particular emphasis on the rejection of \"otherness\", and a growing sense of insecurity, fear and distrust in the realm of interpersonal relations. Paulo Freire\'s prescription for overcoming this kind of violence lies, in the response potential of the oppressed to confront the necrophilic conscience inherent in violent gestures and actions. The oppressed, by assuming their vocation to be human, to value life, to raise over and above mean and individualistic values and interests. By assuming love as their preferred instrument of their struggle, they will be able to construct another civilization, more human, less oppresive and more just. Taking into account the reflections of Paulo Freire on the matter of school violence, here approached as a subject for investigation and reflection, lead us to understand that it is possible to historically confront it in both the social and school realms. This work points to a renewed potential of the public and popular school, when based in the critical and progressive conceptions and practices of education. A kind of school that must be (historically) constructed as a space of concietization, struggle and of confrontation against all the various manifestations of violence inflicted and adversely affecting the potential victims. We find that dialogue, dialogic and liberating education constitute some of the fertile ways we have at our disposal to attain our aims of diminishing both physical and symbolic violence in the school context and culture.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 julianoinaciodossantos.pdf: 5904465 bytes, checksum: 16b8523f3f3c6d0964c16c72abeb0062 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-12 / A presente dissertação, desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-graduação Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação Pública (Mestrado Profissional) da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, apresenta a pesquisa que teve como objetivo identificar as dificuldades encontradas pelas equipes gestoras das escolas estaduais de Minas Gerais em relação à prática de atos delituosos em suas dependências. Além disso, intencionou-se também identificar a eficácia da forma como as escolas e a Secretaria de Estado de Educação registram as ocorrências de delitos nas unidades escolares. O trabalho apresenta a proposição de um plano de ação visando melhorar os registros desses casos, permitindo à Administração Pública planejar atividades para combater o problema da violência escolar, e propõe ações para preparação dos membros de equipes de gestão escolar para lidar com as ocorrências nas instituições de ensino. A recorrente incidência de consultas recebidas por setores do Órgão Central da Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Minas Gerais – SEE/MG – questionando como os gestores escolares devem agir ao terem conhecimento da ocorrência de atos delituosos no interior de escolas e o fato de o índice de violência nas escolas estaduais mineiras vir causando preocupação aos professores e estudantes motivaram este estudo. Os elementos de fundamentação da necessidade de ações de registro e preparação dos gestores escolares foram analisados à luz de referenciais teóricos de autores como Guadalupe (2012), Condé (2012) e Diniz (2009), além de se fundamentar nas legislações federal e estadual aplicáveis. O percurso metodológico é composto por pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e empírica, aplicação de questionários a gestores escolares e a dirigentes regionais da SEE/MG, além de entrevistas realizadas com gestores de setores relevantes da Secretaria de Educação. A pesquisa demonstra a limitação das ações de preparação de integrantes de equipes de gestão escolar para lidarem com o problema da violência nas escolas e a ausência de sistema informatizado da SEE/MG para registro de ocorrências com vistas a orientar ações estatais voltadas para a elaboração de ações destinadas ao combate de ações delituosas em unidades de ensino. O resultado das pesquisas e a fundamentação teórica justificam o conteúdo do capítulo propositivo, composto por recomendação de ações direcionadas à implantação de sistema de registro de ocorrências de atos delituosos e à preparação das equipes de gestão escolar para lidarem com tais atos. / This paper is a case study carried out in order to identify the extent of the problem of criminal acts on the premises of the schools‟ state of Minas Gerais and the difficulties encountered by school management teams to deal with such occurrences in teaching units. The research aims to also identify the schools and the State Department of Education effectiveness way of recorded the events crimes at schools. The paper proposes an action plan to improve the records of these cases allowing the Public Administration process activities to combat the violence school problem and suggest action for preparation of the members of school management teams to deal with occurrences in institutions teaching. The research theme was chosen because of the recurring incidence of inquiry received by the Central Organ sectors of the State Department of Education of Minas Gerais - SEE/MG - asking as school managers should act to have knowledge of the occurrence of criminal acts inside the schools. In addition, the violence rate in schools from the state of Minas Gerais has concerned to teachers and students, as a research conducted by UFMG in 2012 has shown. The reasons given came from the necessity of an action of record and preparation of school administrators were analyzed in the light of theoretical references from authors such as Guadalupe (2012), Condé (2012) and Diniz (2009), beyond be based on applicable federal and state laws. The methodological approach consists on bibliographic, documentary and empirical research, questionnaires to school managers and the regional leaders of SEE/MG, and interviews with relevant sectors managers of the Education Department. The research demonstrates the shortage of preparedness actions of school management teams‟ members to deal with the problem of violence in schools and the absence of computerized system of SEE/MG for reporting incidents in order to guide state actions for the development of procedures to combat criminal actions in teaching units. The result of the researches and the theoretical basis justify the contents of propositional chapter, composed by recommendation actions directed by the implementation of events registration system of criminal acts and the preparation of school management teams to deal with such acts.

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished