Ce travail porte sur le renouveau religieux actuel des autochtones de la République de l’Altaï (Fédération de Russie). Les Altaïens renouent avec les pratiques considérées comme traditionnelles (chamanisme, bourkhanisme), mais se tournent également vers quantité de courants religieux plus ou moins exogènes (bouddhisme, christianismes orthodoxe et évangélique, mouvements New Age). Le choix d’une religion nationale qui servirait de point d’appui à la construction d’une identité altaïenne est un enjeu fondamental pour l’intelligentsia locale. Le politique imprègne en effet ces réarticulations du croire, et la concurrence entre les différents mouvements prend notamment corps dans l’appréhension singulière du territoire que chacun véhicule. Celle-ci est particulièrement visible dans les rituels saisonniers organisés par les adeptes du néo-chamanisme et du néo-bourkhanisme. De plus, l’analyse du festival des cultures altaïennes révèle comment l’Administration tente d’unir les autochtones sous la bannière d’un « esprit national », plaçant de ce fait l’événement dans la droite ligne des célébrations soviétiques de l’unité. Une nouvelle modalité d’utilisation de la poésie épique intervient dans ce processus de construction identitaire. En effet, l’épopée altaïenne s’inscrit dans les pratiques rituelles de nombreux courants religieux. Sa revitalisation, qui s’accompagne d’un remodelage profond, contribue à en faire le révélateur d’une identité altaïenne surpassant les divisions religieuses et transcendant les aspirations d’unité émanant du pouvoir central. Elle peut aussi être perçue comme un catalyseur qui singularise l’Altaï au sein de l’espace sibérien postsoviétique. / This work focuses on the contemporary religious revival among the indigenous people of the Altay Republic (Russian Federation). The Altaians reconnect with practices considered as traditional (Shamanism, Burkhanism), while exploring a more or less exogenous religious plurality (Buddhism, different branches of Orthodox and Evangelical Christianity, New Age movements). The choice of a national religion that could serve as a basis for the construction of a distinctive Altaian identity is a fundamental concern for the local intelligentsia. Political dimensions indeed do intersect with these different rearticulations of belief, and the competitive relationship between these movements especially takes shape in each particular understanding of the territory that each of them conveys. It is especially obvious within the seasonal rituals organized by the followers of neo-Shamanism and neo-Burkhanism. Additionally, the analysis of the festival of the Altaian cultures points out how the Administration tries to unite all the indigenous peoples under the banner of a “national spirit”. This attempt nevertheless makes the event a typical legacy of the soviet celebrations of unity. A new way of using epic poetry emerges in this identity construction process. The Altaian epic is indeed part of ritual practices in many religious trends. Its revitalization, followed by a deep reshaping, can be instrumental in turning it into a “revealing” of Altaian identity that overcomes religious divisions and transcends aspirations of unity that emanates from the central government. It can also be perceived as a catalyst in distinguishing the Altay within the Siberian post-soviet space.

This master thesis focuses on the theme of a rite of passage, of a pupil turning into a master. It is about the material and mental change during a performance in the space of a baroque chapel. In this way, a man´s spirit and the genius loci of a place are interconnected.

Pour cette recherche, nous souhaitons nous intéresser à la maîtrise de ses pouvoirs chez le bombo, chaman Tamang au Népal. Nous souhaitons comprendre comment ce dernier, lorsqu’il n’a pas choisi sa vocation et l’a tout d’abord subie avec l’appel chamanique, va finir par s’approprier ses pouvoirs et reprendre le contrôle de sa vie. Ainsi nous souhaitons en premier lieu nous intéresser à l’appel chamanique ainsi qu’à son sens symbolique pour le futur bombo. Ensuite, nous désirons comprendre comment, par le moyen d’une transmission ainsi que d’un apprentissage auprès de gurus – c’est-à-dire des bombos ayant accepté de dispenser leur enseignement – le futur chaman acquiert une maîtrise de ses pouvoirs. Enfin, nous souhaitons par le moyen du rôle social du bombo dans la société Tamang, comprendre comment son nouveau statut lui confère de nouveaux pouvoirs, cette fois sociaux, tout en lui donnant des outils supplémentaires pour maîtriser ses pouvoirs chamaniques. Nous avons choisi d’effectuer cette recherche à partir de données existantes à travers divers articles et ouvrages ; un terrain de qualité aurait nécessité davantage de temps que celui requis pour ce travail. / The purpose of this research project is to focus on the Bombo’s awakening, growing into, and mastering his/her powers as a shaman of the Tamang people of Nepal. This is about understanding how the Bombo, who may not have chosen his/her role, first undergoes the call to vocation, then gradually takes ownership of acquired capacities and powers, to eventually get back in control of his/her own life. We first concentrate on the shamanic call in itself, also in connection with its symbolic significance to the future Bombo. Then, we seek understanding of how, by means of transmission from, and apprenticeship with a guru, the future Bombo grows into control of his/her powers (in this instance, a guru is a Bombo accepting to convey a teaching). Finally, we consider the position of the Bombo in the Tamang social fabric, to seek understanding of his/her power and prominence in the community, feeding back into further development of his/her shamanic self: adding incremental capabilities and enhancing the mastery of his/her shamanic power(s). The deliberate option is to carry out the research project to this point based on existing – albeit aging – literature: a fruitful field research would have necessitated more time and resources than were available in the context of this work.

This study explored the intercultural conflict between urban Nepalis, who believe in Western medicine, and the Jhakris, Nepalese traditional healers. Nepalis in Western influenced urban areas made traditional healing practices illegal, resulting in violent arrests and beatings of Jhakris by police and occasional violent retaliation by Jhakris. This research sought to understand the roots of the intercultural conflict between the urban Nepali society and the Jhakris, and suggest possible solutions to reduce this intercultural conflict. Interviews were conducted with eight members of each group. The data were analyzed by using a conflict styles framework. Westernized members of urban Nepali society ranked high on the Competing conflict style and the Jhakri community ranked high in Compromise and Problem-Solving styles. The perceived grievances of each group were summarized and it was concluded that people in both groups who have a choice of Western and Jhakri healing options might be best placed to begin working toward negotiation and mediation.

The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to research the different theories that exist behind the creation of the rock art in Sweden, new to old paper and research of the rock art from different countries is used. This is to try to criticize the existing theories but also to rectify them, at the same time a secular theory will be created in the light of the read research. This is to test different theories and try to make a new school of rock art theories, a secular one.Geographical data over the rock art in Sweden have been used and analyzed, the rock art have been had its distance to its closest neighbor (non-rock art) calculated. This data has been made for every county, the results of number and distances of the different ancient remains have been put into bar charts and histograms. The field of rock art is old and complicated, to tribute one religion to the rock art is nearly impossible, a problem will nearly always make it self-apparent for every theory. Some theories like shamanism and hunting magic seem to have a solid argument but problem arises. For others like the southern cult theories the religion probably existed but the connection to the rock art is not as strong. A connection between rock art and non-rock art is hard to make out, some connections are showing and a difference depending on the latitude. Problems exist, the analysis needs a lot more work before any accurate assumptions can be made with its data.

Gränsöverskridande könsidentiteter - Att definieras som normativ eller icke- normativ individ i det forntida samhället. Gender Non- Conforming identities- To be defined as an normative or non- normative person in the prehistorical society. How can we see Gender Non- Conforming identities in the archaelogical context? And what do these individuals tell us about the prehistorical society? This study of three individuals from prehistoic anf historic context that may or may not have been percived as Gender Non- Conforming in the past according to archaeological studies. Keyword: Gender Non- Conforming identites, Queer-theory, Dannikewoman, Birkaworrior, Oleneostrovski mogilinik, Sharmanism

In 1619, Johannes Kepler published his magnum opus Harmonices mundi in which the astronomer derived distinct pitches and scales for each known planet in the solar system from calculations of various aspects of their orbital motions. This was the first theoretical realization of the ancient tradition of musica universalis (also called musica mundana), or music of the celestial bodies. It was not until the Estonian composer Urmas Sisask (b. 1960) began his compositional career by deriving his own “planetary scale,” however, that the theoretical musica universalis came into audible existence. Sisask’s work represents a distinctive musical voice among today’s choral composers, and although he is steadily gaining attention for his unique compositional style, only limited information exists about the specifics of his background, his interest in astronomy and shamanism, and the subsequent influence these interests have had on his choral music. At once traditional and modern, he bridges the gap between ancient Estonian folk song and the present. Through an application of exotic techniques including extreme repetition, ritualistically driving rhythms and sudden changes in timbre and texture; coupled with his own peculiarly crafted “planetary scale,” Urmas Sisask has created a completely unique body of work which is examined in this study by looking at representative works from his choral oeuvre including Gloria Patri…24 hymns for mixed choir, Magnificat, Ave Sol, and Benedictio.

Sammanfattning: Shamanism har ständigt varit ett populärt ämne att studera, där bland annat problem med shamanism-begreppet har lyfts fram av en rad olika forskare. Shamanism har i de flesta fall definierats som religion, trots att omfattande forskning har belyst det utspridda motståndet till definitionen bland utövare i västvärlden. Studien har undersökt likheter och skillnader mellan utövare av shamanism i nutida Sverige, vad gäller åsikter, praktik och definierande. Den har byggt på en kvalitativ analys av semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex utövare som även har varit verksamma inom shamanism. Studien har påvisat att motståndet till att definiera shamanism som religion existerar bland dessa utövare. Religion har beskrivits som något organiserat med läror och regler, medan shamanism har beskrivits som något fritt, där praktik, värderingar och trosuppfattningar har varierat bland utövare. Debatten kring shamanism-begreppets eventuella problem har även förekommit inom shamanska kretsar och det har existerat skilda meningar bland utövare, likväl som det har existerat skilda meningar bland forskare.

No description available.

RESUMÉ V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE Since the 1980s, a revival of religious traditions, whose continuity was disrupted considerably in the Soviet-era Russia, has been in motion in the entire area of Siberia and Central Asia, among the so called 'rooted nations'. While major religious groups, such as buddhism and islam, could successfully pick up the threads of their religious traditions thanks to their written resources; religions based mainly on oral transmission are facing the opposite situation, shamanism not being an exception. Intense tension coming from the spirituality of their own ethnic traditions, which spontaneously opened after many years of the Communist secularization, in the case of shamanism hit the barriers of how to adequately re- establish the disrupted traditions (lack of living bearers and experts on their own traditions, initiated and uninitiated shamans, and other ceremony specialists, ignorance of symbolism). The whole process of rebirth, revival or revitalisation of shamanism is entirely consistent with the context of current issues concerning constituent societies, which naturally carries the legacy of Soviet culture. Political and economic changes in the post- Soviet space also enabled the bearers of traditions to become open to a wide range of new influences from abroad. Revitalization...