The dissertation provides a comprehensive analysis of the issue of quality in simultaneous interpreting. The theoretical part explores general questions related to quality in interpreting, namely the inherent difficulties encountered in defining quality, the issue of subjectivity in the assessment of quality, the different perspectives on quality and the issues surrounding the various quality criteria as suggested by different authors. The work focuses on the cognitive processes involved in simultaneous interpreting; concepts of working memory and cognitive load are discussed as well as their connection to the concept of interpreting as a decision-making process and a strategic behaviour. Quality is therefore understood as the capacity to efficiently and effectively manage available cognitive resources and to choose appropriate strategies to solve a particular problem in a specific interpreting situation, while taking into account the overall working conditions and the individual predispositions of the interpreter. The empirical part includes an analysis of actual interpreting of technical (legal) speeches. The technical nature of the speeches and the resulting linguistic and conceptual difficulties of the input material is considered to be a factor that increases cognitive load. The aim is to...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Layla Penha.pdf: 3636004 bytes, checksum: 1250eb28a67e8200c80d85ca12e44e67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / This paper addresses the area of simultaneous interpretation, interpreting mode inserted in the field of Conference Interpreting. The purpose of this study is to verify the prosodic features of semi-spontaneous and interpreted speeches of a group of interpreters and analyze how such features may interfere in the assessment of quality and comprehension of the message delivered in interpretation. The subjects of this study were twelve female conference interpreters. The interpreters were recorded when producing a semi-spontaneous speech and during the simultaneous interpretation of a lecture. Three sampling segments representing the speech (extracted from the start, middle and end positions of the lecture) were selected. We conducted three types of assessment: an acoustic analysis of the selected speech samples, a perceptive assessment on the quality and comprehensibility of interpreters oral production, and an assessment on the quality of the content of the interpretation compared to the original lecture. Using the software Praat, we analyzed the prosodic features of interpreters semi-spontaneous and interpreted speeches acoustically, comparing them in terms of number and distribution of intonation groups and pauses; speech rate; and average, minimum and maximum fundamental frequency rates. By means of a questionnaire based on the Likert Scale applied to 90 judges, we assessed the impressive effects of interpreters oral production. Three interpreter trainers followed an assessment protocol to compare the speech produced by interpreters and the original lecture and verify completeness of original sense (S), errors (E) and omissions (O). Results were then compared for similarities and differences. This project was approved by the Brazilian Research Ethics Committee under no. 44465314.0.0000.5482 / Esta dissertação contempla a interpretação simultânea, modalidade inserida dentro da área de Interpretação de Conferências. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar as características prosódicas da fala semi-espontânea e da fala interpretada de um grupo de intérpretes e analisar como as características da fala interpretada podem influenciar a avaliação de qualidade e compreensão da mensagem produzida pelo intérprete. Participam como sujeitos da pesquisa doze intérpretes de conferência, do sexo feminino. As intérpretes foram audiogravadas em uma fala semi-espontânea e durante a interpretação simultânea de uma palestra. Três segmentos amostrais representativos do discurso (nas posições inicial, medial e final da palestra) foram selecionados. Foram realizados três tipos de estudo: um de natureza acústica, um de natureza perceptiva da qualidade e compreensibilidade da produção oral dos intérpretes e outro da qualidade da interpretação em relação ao discurso interpretado em termos de conteúdo semântico-discursivo. Com a utilização do software Praat, foram analisadas acusticamente as características prosódicas da fala semi-espontânea das intérpretes e dos extratos selecionados, comparando-os em termos de número e distribuição de grupos entoacionais e pausas, taxa de elocução e frequência fundamental média, mínima e máxima. Por meio de um questionário com base na escala de Likert aplicado a 90 juízes, foram avaliados os efeitos impressivos da produção oral dos intérpretes e através de um protocolo de avaliação aplicado a 3 profissionais da área de formação em interpretação foram comparadas as transcrições do discurso produzido pelas intérpretes em relação ao discurso interpretado para verificação da manutenção do sentido original (S), presença de erros (E) e de omissões (O). Os resultados foram discutidos para verificação de similaridades e diferenças entre as avaliações. Esse projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob o no. 44465314.0.0000.5482

This thesis verifies the applicability of the Daniel Gile's Effort Model on two language pairs, French - Czech and Czech Sign Language - Czech. It is a theoretical-empirical thesis. The theoretical part offers a brief explanation of the process of simultaneous interpreting, of the Gile's Effort Model of simultaneous interpreting for spoken and sign languages, of the quality in interpretation, of the reason of failure during the transmission and of the coping strategies and tactics. Considering the accomplished experiment, which was focused on proper nouns and its influence on the interpreter's discourse, the last part is devoted to proper nouns and its use in Czech, in Czech Sign Language and its transmission during the interpretation, because the experts agree on fact, that proper nouns are problem triggers, that makes the transmission of the message difficult and that may cause a failure. The empirical part consists of an experiment. Its aim was to verify the applicability of the Effort model on two language pairs by using a discourse containing proper nouns. Three variables or factors were examined - the successful transmission of proper noun, the successful transmission of the segment containing noun and of the successive segment. The aim was not only to find out the results for each language...

Der Sport ist das dominierende Phänomen der heutigen Freizeitkultur und ein wachsender Wirtschaftszweig. Ob in den Medien, beim Handel mit Sportwaren oder beim Sport selbst: Wo über Sport gesprochen wird, treffen verschiedene Sprachen aufeinander. Um Sprachbarrieren zu überwinden, sind Dolmetscher oft unverzichtbar. Das Fachgebiet Sport bringt dabei Besonderheiten mit sich, z. B. die große Rolle des Fernsehens sowie eine eigene, vielschichtige Sprache, in der Jargon nicht selten mit Fachlexik kombiniert wird. War die Sportsprache bereits Gegenstand vieler Publikationen, befasst sich diese Arbeit mit den kaum erforschten Dolmetschtätigkeiten im Sport. Im Theorieteil werden u. a. der Bedarf an Dolmetschleistungen dargelegt und die Sportsprache aus Dolmetschersicht analysiert. Grundlage des Praxisteils ist eine Umfrage unter 51 Sport-Dolmetschern, die zu sprachlichen Herausforderungen ebenso befragt wurden wie zu den häufigsten Dolmetschsituationen oder den Verdienstmöglichkeiten.

Die rol wat die tolk vervul, is sentraal tot die sukses van die kommunikasie waarby sprekers van verskillende tale betrokke is. Professionele liggame en instellings vereis van ʼn tolk om tydens enige tolkgeleentheid aan etiese kodes en praktykstandaarde te voldoen. Hierdie etiese kodes en praktykstandaarde is rigtinggewend in dié opsig dat dit in ʼn mate voorskryf hoe die tolk sy rol moet benader en vervul. Wat egter opgesluit is in dergelike voorskrifte is die voortdurende ondersteuning van die sogenaamde ‘kanaal’-rol, waarin die tolk as onsigbare ‘masjien’ gesien word. Die uitdaging wat dus aan die tolk gestel word, is om binne sy moontlike unieke omgewing slegs volgens die voorskriftelike kanaal-rolbeskrywing te funksioneer. Wat in die literatuur oor die onderwerp bevind is, is dat die verwagtinge wat deur so ʼn voorskriftelike rolbeskrywing aan die tolk gestel word, nie noodwendig haalbaar is in die praktyk nie. In die lig hiervan bring hierdie studie die rol van die opvoedkundige tolk op die voorgrond. Gemeenskapstolking in die breë verwys na tolking wat alle sosiaal-geörienteerde tolking saamvat, insluitend tolking wat verband hou met opvoeding of opleiding. Hierdie studie ondersoek gemeenskapstolktipes om vas te stel wat die ooreenkomste en verskille tussen die onderskeie tipes gemeenskapstolking is, en bevind dat opvoedkundige tolking uniek van aard is en dus ʼn unieke benadering noodsaak. Dit sluit aan by Mullamaa (2006:25) se siening dat ʼn sosiale ommekeer in tolknavorsing plaasgevind het en dat daar tans ʼn groter bewustheid van die kompleksiteit van tolking gekweek word. Toury (1995:53) en Pym (2010) ondersteun hierdie siening en voer aan dat die taalpraktisyn homself as deel van die sosiale omstandighede van die kommunikasiegeleentheid moet kan handhaaf. Op ʼn teoretiese vlak is Toury (1995:55) se normkonsep ingespan omdat dit kontekssensitief is en die inherente sosiale dinamika waarbinne vertaal- en tolkpraktyke gevestig word, verreken. Geskoei op die teoretiese normmodelle van Toury (1995:55) en Shlesinger (1999:65-77), wat ʼn meganisme daarstel waardeur normatiewe gedrag en rolgedrag gemeet kan word, asook Niska (2002:137-138) se teoretiese tolkrolmodel wat aanvoer dat die gemeenskapstolk homself in ʼn piramiede van betrokkenheid bevind, is bestaande en nuutingesamelde data geanaliseer om vas te stel presies wat die dinamiek is wat verreken behoort te word in die omskrywing van die rol wat opvoedkundige tolk vervul.Daar is bevind dat ʼn definisie van die rol van die opvoedkundige tolk gevind kan word tussen dit wat van die opvoedkundige tolk verwag word en dit wat in die werklikheid geskied. Die studie het bewys dat die rol van die opvoedkundige tolk inderdaad veranderlik is, en dat die wending na ʼn meer sosiaal-dinamiese rolmodel vir tolking ook by die rolvervullingsmodel vir opvoedkundige tolking inpas. Die teorie wat geponeer word, is dat die opvoedkundige tolk homself deurgaans op ʼn dinamiese kontinuum van beweeglikheid bevind waarbinne hy verskeie rolle vervul na gelang die spesifieke behoeftes van die tolkgeleentheid. Aanbevelings word gemaak vir die implementering van ʼn model vir opvoedkundige tolkrolvervulling in Suid-Afrika, asook vir verdere navorsingsmoontlikhede ten opsigte van die tolkrolgesprek. / Thesis (PhD (Linguistics and Literary Theory))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

Die rol wat die tolk vervul, is sentraal tot die sukses van die kommunikasie waarby sprekers van verskillende tale betrokke is. Professionele liggame en instellings vereis van ʼn tolk om tydens enige tolkgeleentheid aan etiese kodes en praktykstandaarde te voldoen. Hierdie etiese kodes en praktykstandaarde is rigtinggewend in dié opsig dat dit in ʼn mate voorskryf hoe die tolk sy rol moet benader en vervul. Wat egter opgesluit is in dergelike voorskrifte is die voortdurende ondersteuning van die sogenaamde ‘kanaal’-rol, waarin die tolk as onsigbare ‘masjien’ gesien word. Die uitdaging wat dus aan die tolk gestel word, is om binne sy moontlike unieke omgewing slegs volgens die voorskriftelike kanaal-rolbeskrywing te funksioneer. Wat in die literatuur oor die onderwerp bevind is, is dat die verwagtinge wat deur so ʼn voorskriftelike rolbeskrywing aan die tolk gestel word, nie noodwendig haalbaar is in die praktyk nie. In die lig hiervan bring hierdie studie die rol van die opvoedkundige tolk op die voorgrond. Gemeenskapstolking in die breë verwys na tolking wat alle sosiaal-geörienteerde tolking saamvat, insluitend tolking wat verband hou met opvoeding of opleiding. Hierdie studie ondersoek gemeenskapstolktipes om vas te stel wat die ooreenkomste en verskille tussen die onderskeie tipes gemeenskapstolking is, en bevind dat opvoedkundige tolking uniek van aard is en dus ʼn unieke benadering noodsaak. Dit sluit aan by Mullamaa (2006:25) se siening dat ʼn sosiale ommekeer in tolknavorsing plaasgevind het en dat daar tans ʼn groter bewustheid van die kompleksiteit van tolking gekweek word. Toury (1995:53) en Pym (2010) ondersteun hierdie siening en voer aan dat die taalpraktisyn homself as deel van die sosiale omstandighede van die kommunikasiegeleentheid moet kan handhaaf. Op ʼn teoretiese vlak is Toury (1995:55) se normkonsep ingespan omdat dit kontekssensitief is en die inherente sosiale dinamika waarbinne vertaal- en tolkpraktyke gevestig word, verreken. Geskoei op die teoretiese normmodelle van Toury (1995:55) en Shlesinger (1999:65-77), wat ʼn meganisme daarstel waardeur normatiewe gedrag en rolgedrag gemeet kan word, asook Niska (2002:137-138) se teoretiese tolkrolmodel wat aanvoer dat die gemeenskapstolk homself in ʼn piramiede van betrokkenheid bevind, is bestaande en nuutingesamelde data geanaliseer om vas te stel presies wat die dinamiek is wat verreken behoort te word in die omskrywing van die rol wat opvoedkundige tolk vervul.Daar is bevind dat ʼn definisie van die rol van die opvoedkundige tolk gevind kan word tussen dit wat van die opvoedkundige tolk verwag word en dit wat in die werklikheid geskied. Die studie het bewys dat die rol van die opvoedkundige tolk inderdaad veranderlik is, en dat die wending na ʼn meer sosiaal-dinamiese rolmodel vir tolking ook by die rolvervullingsmodel vir opvoedkundige tolking inpas. Die teorie wat geponeer word, is dat die opvoedkundige tolk homself deurgaans op ʼn dinamiese kontinuum van beweeglikheid bevind waarbinne hy verskeie rolle vervul na gelang die spesifieke behoeftes van die tolkgeleentheid. Aanbevelings word gemaak vir die implementering van ʼn model vir opvoedkundige tolkrolvervulling in Suid-Afrika, asook vir verdere navorsingsmoontlikhede ten opsigte van die tolkrolgesprek. / Thesis (PhD (Linguistics and Literary Theory))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

This diploma thesis provides a detailed description of the life and work of Ghelly Chernov, a Russian theorist and a leading figure of interpreting studies. It is the first thesis written in Czech to comprehensively cover Chernov's work. The chronologically arranged parts of the thesis systematically describe Chernov's life and findings about translation and interpreting, both theory and practice, with an emphasis on the model of probability prognosis in simultaneous interpreting. The thesis also focuses on Chernov's articles on didactics of interpreting and lexicographic publications, to which he directly contributed during his lifetime. The thesis covers the core elements of his work, describes them within the context of global interpreting studies, and recounts his life using the available resources as well as unique material provided by people who met the leading Russian interpreting theorist in person.

The MA thesis Ingrid Kurz and her Contribution to the Development of the Theory of Interpreting is a descriptive theoretical study dealing with the work of the conference and television interpreter, Interpreting Studies scholar and professor of Translation Studies at University of Vienna Ingrid Kurz, born Pinter. This thesis analyses individual stages of her research and looks into the development of her opinions and interests, which can be followed chronologically in her articles, studies and extensive publications. It also informs on teaching and interpreting projects of this researcher and, last but not least, reflects her contribution in the area of interdisciplinary cooperation. The interconnection of psychological and interpreting education inspired her towards the first experiments in the field of simultaneous interpreting. Keywords: Ingrid Kurz, theory of interpreting, interdisciplinary research, cognitive psychology, quality of simultaneous interpreting, stress, the media, audiovisual interpreting, didactics.

The thesis Ingrid Kurz and her Contribution to the Development of the Theory of Interpreting is a descriptive theoretical study dealing with the work of the conference and television interpreter, Interpreting Studies scholar and professor of Translation Studies at University of Vienna Ingrid Kurz, born Pinter. This thesis analyses individual stages of her research and looks into the development of her opinions and interests, which can be followed chronologically in her articles, studies and extensive publications. It also informs on teaching and interpreting projects of this researcher and, last but not least, reflects her contribution in the area of interdisciplinary cooperation. The interconnection of psychological and interpreting education of the author inspired her towards the first experiments in the field of simultaneous interpreting. Keywords Ingrid Kurz, theory of interpreting, interdisciplinary research, cognitive psychology, quality of simultaneous interpreting, stress, the media, audiovisual interpreting, didactics.

This diploma thesis compares the performance of bilinguals and of interpreting students in simultaneous interpreting. The compared data are from the experiment, within which we tested 3 bilinguals (without any or with little experience in simultaneous interpreting) and 3 trained students of the interpreting MA study programme. The data were collected in the language combination Czech - German. Part of this thesis are also two questionnaires. When comparing the interpreting performances (in form of transcripts of recordings), following interpreting strategies and factors were put emphasis on: salami technique (and related aspects), finishing sentences, hesitation sounds and interferences. This diploma thesis aims at illustrating the effects of the simultaneous interpreting training. The whole thesis is being run through by the question, whether the skill of simultaneous interpreting is an accompanying effect of bilingualism, or whether (and alternatively to what extent) this skill is derived from interpreting training. Keywords: interpreting, simultaneous interpreting, interpreting strategies, interpreting lessons, practice in interpreting, salami technique, finishing sentences, hesitation sounds, interferences, bilingualism, didactics, psycholinguistics