The diploma thesis The Břeclav's lie: Ethical Frontiers of Working with Sources and the Social Construction of Reality Created by the Media focuses on methods used by news media for creation of contents (about particular minority) and their ability to influence social processes according to which form for their contents they choose. The thesis si divived into four parts. In the first part of the thesis, the main focus is mainly on theory and concepts which are relevant for understanding other parts of the thesis, mainly the fourthone. Author focuses dominantly on respected paradigm of role of media in contemporary society and stereotypes as a necessary substance of media work. Second part established a line between theoretical and practical parts of the thesis. It describes ethical norms used for information handling not only when minorities are in the game. Routines as strong determinant in process of creating of media contents are analysed, as well as related polls and research focusing on impact on audience with particular focus on reliability and accountability of those sources. Data on size of the audience is mentioned as well. Third part consists of role of Roma minority in the Czech society regarding categorisation of thematic frameworks. This chapter involves parts on ethnicity as a tool of...

The thesis deals with the analysis of two years, namely 1991 and 2010, of the magazine Vlasta made with the gender optics. The aim is to compare thematic structure of the magazine in 1991 and 2010 from gender perspective and identify the central issues which are presented to women. The study is divided into three main sections: theoretical, methodological and analytical. The theoretical part describes the current scientific discourse, including terminological definition of basic concepts. The methodology part describes the research methods used and the analytical section presents the research outputs obtained through open and axial coding, which were used in analysis of the media content. Significant editorial issues, which are associated women in a magazine Vlasta with, have been identified and described.

The thesis "The cult of youth and the old age denial on the media image of celebrities: Content analysis of the Top Star Magazine TV show" explores the ways in which the values of the cult of youth exhibit and reproduce on the media image of celebrities. The analyzed material is a TV show about celebrities called Top Star Magazín which is broadcasted by Czech TV channel Prima Family. The research is based on the content analysis of the TV show and consists of two methodologically different surveys: a simple quantitative content analysis of episodes aired in 2012 and a qualitative content analysis of two randomly selected episodes. The research part of the thesis is supported by the theoretical and methodological parts. The methodological part describes the research techniques: choice of research method, setting of research questions and defining the sample. The theoretical part introduces all the essential theories, especially the media construction of reality, and also attends to the issues of age categories and social perception of people in different periods of life. The conclusion is that the media image of celebrities in the Top Star Magazine TV show is unified and significantly affected by the values of the cult of youth. One of the main symptoms is denial and repression of any signs of the...

La criminalité sexuelle constitue aujourd’hui l’un des enjeux politiques et sociaux de nos sociétés contemporaines. Les débats auxquels elle donne lieu sont généralement l’occasion de souligner le rôle central des criminels sexuels récidivistes et de certains types de personnalités particulièrement dangereuses, parfois désignés sous le terme de « prédateurs sexuels », les plus dangereux étant les tueurs en série en raison de leur violence sexuelle meurtrière et les pédophiles en raison d’une inclination qui non seulement repousserait les limites de la morale en les amenant à s’en prendre à des enfants mais qui, de plus, pourrait participer, selon les théoriciens de l’abuseur-abusé, à reproduire un contingent d’agresseurs sexuels toujours plus important. Dans un tel contexte cette recherche doctorale a tout d’abord eu pour objectifs de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance des catégories de tueur en série et de pédophile ; d’analyser ensuite comment un ensemble de pratiques et d'idées à-travers un processus de catégorisation sont amenées à être pensées comme relevant d'un problème plus large, en l’occurrence la criminalité sexuelle ; et, enfin, inspiré par l’approche de Ian Hacking des maladies mentales transitoires de mettre en évidence les effets de la catégorisation sur les individus ainsi catégorisés et l’action en retour de ces derniers sur les catégories. / Sex-related crime is currently one of the most concerning political and social issues of our day. The resulting debates usually highlight the central role of repeat sex offenders and a number of particularly dangerous types of personality, often referred to as “sexual predators”, the most dangerous of which are serial killers, who are responsible for sexual violence and death, and paedophiles. The latter display an inclination that far exceeds moral boundaries by targeting children as victims, and could also, according to the theorists of the abuser-abused relationship, reproduce a more significant contingent of sexual aggressors. Within this context, this doctoral research aims first to contribute towards a better understanding of serial killer and paedophile categories and, subsequently analyse how, through a long categorisation process, specific practices and ideas are considered relevant to the broader issues regarding sexual criminality. Finally, this research, inspired by Ian Hacking’s approach to transitory mental illness, seeks to underline the effects that categorisation has on the persons concerned, including the latter’s influence on the former.

This study explores how the only public TV channel designated for children in the Czech Republic approaches on a children's audience and how it communicates with a child and adult viewers. The primary research of this study has a qualitative nature. The case study was used, the data were analyzed thematically. In the study, several interviews were conducted with the key television staff responsible for communication. Research based on a literature review found that television workes view the viewer as an active audience. They create content which is to be edutainment. ČT :D follows world trends and uses the latest technologies, including social networks, to communicate with the child's viewer. However, social networks ČT :D does not consider to be the key means of communicating with child viewers due to the age of its target group. Within the paradigms that dominate the discourse of approaching to the child's viewer, social constructivism was found out.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel N Ribeiro.pdf: 1050783 bytes, checksum: 332143d97b6a858a5813809da7341704 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The present research inteded to study which positive positions circulate regarding the oldness in advertisement directed to the elderly audience, played by characters of this age group and transmitted on television. To discuss, from the social construccionism point of view, the oldness positivation construction in advertisements means to presuppose that those advertisements are not, fundamentally, only the result from the advertisers and comercial agencies work, but the result of its context of production: of the positivation discourse that circulates on an international and national levels concerning the oldness on a political, social, academic, economic and midiatic levels, the uses of these discourses and their consequences. Two recent television advertisements have been analysed Concurso Banco Real Talentos da Maturidade (6th edition), of 2004, and Se assim quiser, of 2005 that have as a common theme the positive oldness. The advertisements analyses went through three stages: 1) context of the advertisements production investigation; 2) description of each advertisement cene; 3) examination of the positive repertoires and of the maintainence of the stereotype conected to the aging process. The positive aspects, chosen to discuss how oldness is presented on the advertisements were: search of pleasure, personal satisfaction, autonomy (mental health), independence (physical health), diverse social roles, interests, income, entertainment, sociability, creativity and mobility. These interpretations alow the confirmation that the positivation on the two advertisements tend to be related to autonomy, independence, and income and exclude many people from those possibilities. Therefore the analyzed repertoires stimulate the folowing question: which are the experiencies of positivated oldness that people with illness and no financial resources can have? / A presente pesquisa pretendeu estudar quais posições positivadas circulam a respeito da velhice em propagandas direcionadas ao público idoso, protagonizadas por personagens pertencentes a essa faixa etária e veiculadas na televisão. Discutir, a partir do construcionismo social, a construção da positividade da velhice em propagandas significa partir do pressuposto de que tais comerciais não são, fundamentalmente, apenas fruto do trabalho dos anunciantes e das agências de propaganda, mas resultado do seu contexto de produção: dos discursos de positividade que circulam internacional e nacionalmente a respeito da velhice nível político, social, acadêmico, econômico, midiático, os usos que são feitos desses discursos e suas conseqüências. Foram analisadas duas propagandas televisivas recentes Concurso Banco Real Talentos da Maturidade (6ª edição), de 2004, e Se assim quiser, de 2005 que têm como tema comum a velhice positivada. A análise dos comerciais passou por três etapas: 1) investigação do contexto de produção dos comerciais; 2) descrição das cenas de cada propaganda; 3) exame dos repertórios positivos e da manutenção de estereótipos ligados ao envelhecimento. Os aspectos positivados escolhidos para discutir como a velhice é apresentada nas propagandas foram busca de prazer, satisfação pessoal, autonomia (saúde mental), independência (saúde física), papéis sociais diversificados, interesse, renda, lazer, sociabilidade, criatividade e mobilidade. Essas interpretações permitiram constatar que a positividade nas duas propagandas tende a estar relacionada à autonomia, independência e renda excluindo muitas pessoas dessas possibilidades. Assim, os repertórios analisados incitam o seguinte questionamento: quais são as vivências de velhice positivada de pessoas com doenças e sem recursos financeiros?

Cette recherche vise à expliquer et comprendre le déroulement de l'adoption de la nouveauté par les consommateurs, de l'action de quelques-uns à l'adoption collective, voire l'institutionnalisation d'un marché de la nouveauté. Les historiens établissent un lien fort entre le développement de l'adoption de la nouveauté et celui de nouvelles strates intermédiaires. La Chine des années 2010 offre un cas d'étude idéal. La comparaison historique permet de formuler l'hypothèse de dynamiques statutaires différentes en Europe et en Chine, et d'une régulation différente des statuts. Une matrice contextuelle expliquant l'adoption est construite et appliquée aux modèles de seuils pour définir des séquences typiques conduisant à l'adoption collective de la nouveauté. Plusieurs réseaux de jeunes adoptants de nouvelles technologies diplômés du supérieur sont suivis entre 2010 et 2015 au moyen d'entretiens individuels approfondis (video-chat, échanges informels et recoupement de sources digitales). L'analyse montre l'existence de chaînes d'adoption, et met en lumière le rôle de relayeurs de la nouveauté. Elle permet de décrire deux séquences typiques de passage à l'adoption collective en restituant la significativité des contextes dans lesquels adoptant et relayeur s'apparient. Les récits d'adoption sont resitués dans le contexte de l'évolutions des carrières professionnelles et conjugales. Ils permettent de comprendre le lien entre adoption et nouvelles strates intermédiaires. Ces dernières sont porteuses de différentes visions de la nouveauté marchande et de la modernisation. Le contexte de réformes et de transition chinois d'après 1978 apparaît comme un lieu favorable à cette double configuration. / The purpose of this research is to explain and understand the adoption of novelty by consumers as a dynamic phenomenon, from its initial stage as an individual action to the collective one and finally as a novelty market. Historical studies highlight the link between the development of novelty adoption and the one of intermediate social strata. Historical comparison allows to formulate hypothesis: different status dynamics and State regulation of status. A contextual matrix is built to define contexts explaining adoption. Inspired by threshold models, typical sequences of collective adoption can be defined. Several networks of young adopters who recently graduated are identified and tracked between 2010 and 2010 (through video-chat in depth individual interviews, informal message exchange and online research). The analysis highlights the existence of novelty chains, and the role of novelty passers. It allows to describe two typical sequences of the collective adoption of novelty and restore the significance of contexts in which adopters and passers match together. Adoption stories are analyzed in the context of career and conjugal life transitions. They illuminate the link between the adoption of market novelty and new intermediate social strata. The Chinese context of transition and reforms after 1978 appears as a typical locus for this double configuration.

Summer pasture contributes both to cultural-historical values and to positive effects on biodiversity. However, the usage of the term ”summer pastures” varies and there is no general definition. This lack of definition gives rise to a conflict: Should the summer pasture be preserved for its cultural-historical value by having it look just like before, or should it be preserved for its value in biodiversity? Today, the authorities’ image of summer pasture is what controls which summer pastures and what values are granted financial support. This means that the summer pastures risk being defined and developed on the basis of the authorities' image, not by the image the farmers themselves have, which is based on historical and conservational knowledge. Thus, the purpose of this study is to highlight the use of summer pasture as a phenomenon and an activity from the user's perspective. In order to discover how the farmers themselves view summer pastures, a phenomenographic method is used to analyze interviews of summer pasture farmers with varying backgrounds and activities. The results of the study show that the summer pasture of today varies with regard to the design of the business. The common denominator is the small-scale animal husbandry where summer pasture take place on the outskirts beyond the home farm, to where the farmer moves with the animals during summer. Summer pasture has traditionally never been an economic gain, nor does it provide much today. The farmers are enthusiasts who believe in a higher purpose of what they do. The lack of definition is something that affects them only in their contact with authorities, from where they are only met with ignorance. The farmers believe that the summer pasture have a cultural-historical value, one that also lies in the future with increasing environmental awareness and climate change. / Fäbodbruk bidrar såväl med kulturhistoriska värden som med positiva effekter på den biologiska mångfalden. Bilden av vad dagens fäbodbruk innebär varierar dock och ingen allmän definition finns. I och med bristen på definition uppstår en konflikt: Bör fäbodbruket bevaras för dess kulturhistoriska värde genom att det ska se ut precis som förr, eller ska det bevaras för dess värde för den biologiska mångfalden? Idag är det myndigheternas bild av fäbodbruk som styr vilka fäbodar och värden som beviljas ekonomiskt stöd. Detta innebär att fäbodbruket riskerar att definieras och utvecklas utifrån myndigheternas bild, inte av den bild brukarna själva har som är baserad på historisk och bevarandevärd kunskap. Syftet med denna studie är således att belysa fäbodbruket som företeelse och som verksamhet utifrån brukarens perspektiv. För att få fram den bild fäbodbrukarna själva har av fäbodbruk används en fenomenografisk metod för att analysera intervjuer av fäbodbrukare med varierande bakgrund och verksamhet. Studiens resultat påvisar att dagens fäbodbruk varierar vad gäller verksamhetens utformning. Den gemensamma nämnaren är att det rör sig om småskalig djurhållning där sommarbetet sker på utmarkerna bortom hemgården dit brukaren flyttar med djuren på sommaren. Fäbodbruk är inget som traditionellt sett är något som gett en ekonomisk vinning och knappast heller ger idag. Fäbodbrukarna är snarare eldsjälar som tror på ett högre syfte kring det de gör. Avsaknandet av definition är något som påverkar dem först vid kontakt med myndigheter av vilka de möts av okunskap. Brukarna anser att fäbodbruket har ett kulturhistoriskt värde men att fäbodbruket även hör till framtiden i och med en ökande miljömedvetenhet och klimatförändringar. / Biologiskt kulturarv som hållbar värdeskapare

On postule dans cette recherche que la violence scolaire n'existe pas comme un problème social avec les conditions objectives qui l'instaurent comme situation caractéristique des contextes scolaires "difficiles". D'une forme distincte nous proposons qu'il est possible de comprendre la violence scolaire comme la configuration sociale d'un problème public sur le champ éducatif. En d'autres termes, la recherche objective un schéma de perception qui expose une forme particulière d'observer les relations sociales lesquelles on vit dans l'école. Nous dans la recherche argumentons que comme expression d'un schéma de perception officielle sur un problème public éducatif, la violence scolaire, cache les trajectoires sociales de quelques jeunes scolarisés qui vivent les inégalités profondes des structures économiques et sociales. Ainsi, depuis une perspective relationnelle nous lions les conditions sociales de production de violence scolaire comme un problème public et les trajectoires sociales d'étudiants au moyen de la question suivante: Quel est le rapport entre les conditions sociales de production de violence et les trajectoires sociales d'étudiants dans une condition juvénile ? Pour développer l'antérieur nous nous sommes proposés décrire la relation qui existe entre les conditions sociales de production de violence scolaire et les trajectoires sociales d'étudiants dans une condition juvénile.. En détail La recherche est essentiellement axée dans; 1) Construire une option théorique pour comprendre la violence scolaire comme la configuration sociale d'un problème public de caractère éducatif; 2) Identifier et reconstruire les discours officiels qui ont instauré la violence scolaire comme problème public éducatif, dans deux types de documents: a) les documents Informes l'État Mondial de l'enfance 1990-2012 publiés par l'UNICEF et b) les Plans Sectoriels d'Education produits par différents gouvernements qui ont administré la ville de Bogotá (Colombie) dans la période 1995-2012. Et finalement, 3) décrire les trajectoires sociales d'étudiants d'éducation pour comprendre ses trajectoires sociales et sa participation dans des situations de violence scolaire. La recherche assume que, pour aborder la violence scolaire comme un problème de caractère public, il est nécessaire de suspendre son caractère "naturel ou évident" pour rechercher sur sa configuration sociale, déterminée à l'existence d'agents sociaux qui perçoivent qu'ils sont affectés par les conséquences indirectes de la violence dans les écoles et par la constitution d'une action politique dirigée quand ont soigné au moyen des organes spéciaux les intérêts de considérés des victimes effectives ou possibles de situations considérées comme de risque de violence dans les contextes scolaires. Finalement la recherche aborde la violence scolaire comme une situation sociale incarnée dans les corps, c'est-à-dire, vécue comme un système de dispositions. Avec la stratégie de recherche qualitative dénommée des Noyaux de Recherche Sociale nous réussissons à comprendre qu'une distance existe entre le discours officiel engagé dans le discernement juridique; la définition des agressions; la classification des situations de violence; l'établissement de protocoles pour la promotion de droits; la prévention en face de divers facteurs de risque, et le vieillissement social juvénile déterminé au difficile accès aux stratégies de reproduction du capital social vécu par quelques jeunes de la ville de Bogotá. / It is postulated in this research study, that scholar violence does not exist as a social problem with objective conditions that establish it like something unique of unusual scholar contexts in opposition to ordinary scholar situations. In another way, it is set out as a premise that it is possible to understand the scholar violence like the social structure of a public problem in the educational field. In other words, the research is a perception scheme that visualize a particular way of observing the social relations that students live at school. It is estimated the comprehensive effort arguing that like an expression of an official perception scheme about an educational public problem, the scholar violence unvisualize the social experiences in school young where it is discovered that violence at school is the demonstration of deep disparities of economic and social structures that produce, among others, alarming decline social processes. Thus, since a relational perspective we connect the social conditions of scholar violence production like a social problem and the social experiences of students in youthful condition taking into account the following sociological question: What relation does exist between the social conditions of scholar violence production and the students´ social experiences in youthful condition?