Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:36:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 22 / Nenhuma / O desenvolvimento de um país passa pela construção de estágios avançados de industrialização, de preferência assentados sob uma base nacional. Isso ocorreu com os países centrais. O desafio que está colocado é de como os países periféricos poderão alcançar esses estágios, considerando as carências que detém e as pressões dos países ricos que “chutam a escada” para impedir-lhes o avanço. O primeiro passo para iniciar essa trajetória é a estratégia do país que deverá tratar das políticas de desenvolvimento. Um dos aspectos fundamentais para alcançar o desenvolvimento é a tecnologia. Sem tecnologia não há perspectiva de desenvolvimento no sistema capitalista, porque, segundo Schumpeter (1982), o fluxo circular da economia sai da inércia com a entrada da inovação. A inovação, por sua vez, ocorre inserida num todo articulado que Freeman (2004) denominou de “Sistema Nacional de Inovação”. Esse sistema envolve as entidades governamentais, universidades, institutos de pesquisa e empresas, com o objetivo de obter i

Why do some allies restructure their existing alliance relationships which they once favored, but some do not? In what ways do allies restructure their alliances? Historically interstate military alliances change their original agreements more than they remain the same, and the average duration of bilateral alliances is less than a decade. Theoretically, previous works have paid great attention mostly to the formation and duration of alliances. Answers to the above basic questions have been largely indeterminate, despite the fact that when allies change their original agreements, it reshapes the behaviors of both allies and non-allies. This study argues that when a state grows more powerful relative to its neighbors and external powers; and experiences a domestic regime change, the state is likely to restructure its exiting alliance relationship. These external and internal changes since the alliance formation cause the state’s original preference on the arms-and-allies balance to shift, and the state has greater incentive to restructure the existing alliance by way of dealignment, expiration, or renewal. In order to test the argument, this study first provides the quantitative results by testing 142 post-WWII alliances formed from 1946 to 2000, and identifies the statistically significant and substantial effects of three factors, capabilities increase, regime change (democratization and authoritarianization), and government change (both leadership and supporting coalition change), on the state’s alliance restructuring. Then this study qualitatively tests the quantitative findings and traces the causal process through case studies for three U.S. alliances in East Asia (the Philippines, South Korea, and Japan). The Philippine alliance restructuring in 1992 is examined as a typical case demonstrating that the argument empirically works. Then this study investigates why South Korea did not restructure the alliance with the U.S. in the 1990s even though the external and internal factors suggest that it would restructure. Lastly, the U.S.-Japan alliance case in 2009-2010 is examined to assess the explanatory power of the argument beyond the data population. An alliance restructuring can significantly affect an individual state’s security positively or negatively, therefore state leaders must continue to pay a close attention to the management of alliances.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hee Jeung Hong.pdf: 4068137 bytes, checksum: ec73213453f97af4cbe09e77f42cdebc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-13 / The history of the first Korean immigrants in Brazil has as its official landmark the date of February 12, 1963. Today, it is estimated that the country has a population of 50 thousand Koreans. São Paulo was the city they elected. Nowadays, it houses approximately 90% of the Korean community. However, there is no research into the Korean elderly people in Brazil. This quantitative study aims to outline the profile of a group of Korean elderly immigrants who live in the city of São Paulo, drawing a comparison between men and women. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered with closed and one open question, and multiple choice answers. A total of 167 subjects participated in this investigation: 120 women and 35 men (12 did not answer the item sex ). All of them were older than 60 years and were designated by leaders of Evangelical churches, of the Catholic Church and by people belonging to the social network of the researcher, who is a member of the Korean community. Among the collected data, we verified the longevity of the Korean elderly individuals, as a large part of them are aged between 70 and 79 years (44%) and between 80 and 85 years (35%). Of the subjects, 59.2% were widows and only 18.2% were widowers, which demonstrates the feminization of old age in the Korean community. Concerning the time they have been living in the city of São Paulo, we found that 38% of the participants have been living in the metropolis for 36 to 45 years; that is, they arrived at the city between the years of 1965 and 1974, in the great migratory current, and the largest flow was in the 1970s. Population s aging was the demographic phenomenon of the 20th century. Thus, it has become imperative to think about policies and actions targeted at the elderly, so that autonomy and independence can be preserved, and to reflect on the inclusion of this population in health promotion programs and disease prevention policies, despite the language barrier, a strong impeding factor. The collected data contribute to the formulation of guidelines for comprehensive social and educational actions, informative and inclusive, to the community of Korean elderly people, who exclude themselves from the programs directed to the elderly population in Brazil, due to lack of knowledge and difficulty in communication. In addition, they contribute to promote solidarity and actions that improve the quality of life of the immigrants settled in the city of São Paulo, in view of the fact that in 2013 the community will complete 50 years of immigration / A história dos primeiros imigrantes coreanos no Brasil tem como marco oficial a data de 12 de fevereiro de 1963. Hoje, estima-se uma população de 50 mil pessoas no País. São Paulo foi a cidade eleita por eles. Atualmente, abriga 90% da comunidade coreana. No entanto, não há pesquisas sobre as pessoas idosas coreanas no País. Este estudo, com abordagem quantitativa, visa traçar o perfil de um grupo de idosos coreanos, imigrantes, que vive na cidade de São Paulo, comparativamente entre homens e mulheres. Aplicou-se questionário semiestruturado, com perguntas fechadas e uma aberta, e respostas de múltipla escolha. Participaram desta investigação 167 sujeitos, sendo 120 mulheres, 35 homens (12 não responderam o item sexo ). Todos acima de 60 anos, indicados por lideranças de igrejas evangélicas, católica e pessoas da rede social da pesquisadora, membro da comunidade coreana. Entre os diversos dados coletados, constatamos a longevidade dos idosos coreanos, grande parte de 70 a 79 anos (44%), e de 80 a 85 anos (35%). Dos pesquisados, 59,2% eram viúvas, e apenas 18,2% eram viúvos, demonstrando a feminização da velhice na comunidade coreana. Quanto ao tempo em que moram na cidade de São Paulo, constatamos que 38% dos participantes residem na metrópole de 36 a 45 anos; ou seja, chegaram à cidade entre os anos de 1965 a 1974, na grande corrente migratória, sendo maior o fluxo na década de 70. O envelhecimento da população foi o fenômeno demográfico do século XX, tornando emergencial se pensar nas políticas e ações para os idosos, a fim de preservarem autonomia e independência, e sua inserção nos programas de promoção de saúde e nas políticas de prevenção de doenças, apesar da barreira do idioma, forte fator impeditivo. Os dados levantados contribuem à formulação de norteadores de ações sociais e educacionais abrangentes, informativas e inclusivas, para a comunidade de idosos coreanos, que se excluem dos programas voltados à população idosa no País, por desconhecimento e dificuldade de comunicação. E contribuem ainda para promover a solidariedade e ações que melhorem a qualidade de vida dos imigrantes instalados na cidade de São Paulo, lembrando que em 2013 a comunidade completará 50 anos de imigração

This thesis explores the governmentalities of ecotourism in South Korea in relation to the specific historical-political experience of accelerated modernisation, focussing on three selected analytical themes of nature, time, and space. It develops a theoretical framework that combines Foucauldian governmentality analysis with concepts and insights related to nature, time and space developed in more-than-human and relational geographies and cognate social sciences. Drawing on three cases of tidal flat tourism, countryside walking, and whale tourism, it first examines the assemblages and technologies of ecotourism governance. It argues that ecotourism in South Korea is characterised by a decentralised mode of governance involving an array of political actors. This mode relies less on sovereign power and more on disciplinary and biopolitical techniques. Second, it examines the ways in which political technologies relating to nature, time, and space are engaged in the governmentalities of South Korean ecotourism. The analysis centres on: understandings of nature enacted through the discourse of saengmyeong [life] and therapeutic experiences; a discourse of slowness enacted through a paradoxical temporal organisation of accelerated slowness; and the multiple spatial relations entangled in the geographical-historical connections of South Korean modernisation. Together, these political technologies are deployed to create an ecotourism subject who cares about the self and the environment, which differs from the prevalent South Korean positions of the disciplined worker and the practical user of nature. This thesis argues that ecotourism in South Korea serves as a new biopolitical intervention to conduct the conduct of its human participants in ways that differ from those established through accelerated modernisation. By offering one of the first social science accounts of ecotourism in South Korea, it provides novel concepts and practices for the analysis of ecotourism. These differ from the mainstream approaches that deploy a political economy framework and focus largely on examples drawn from Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and Southeast Asia.

La présente étude sur la justice sud-coréenne, passée et présente, cherche à énoncer les termes ou les valeurs qui pourraient guider vers une meilleure compréhension de cette notion. Elle ambitionne d’éclairer la particularité de sa tradition judiciaire qui a connu moult bouleversements et dont la perception actuelle est brouillée. Conceptualisée et institutionnalisée dans sa forme contemporaine sur un moule occidental, la justice s’inscrit dans une tradition juridique singulière et ancienne proprement coréenne. Comparativement à la tradition « légaliste » occidentale la pensée juridique coréenne s’appuie sur une morale tirée du confucianisme. Cette éthique fondée sur le savoir, les vertus et les convenances, va contribuer à façonner une théorie et une pratique de la justice dont l’influence perdure jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Pour découvrir le sens de la justice en Corée du Sud, la première partie cherche à définir l’ensemble des idées qui se rattachent au principe de justice afin d’en définir le « sens » au sens de signification. La deuxième partie traite de la justice en tant qu’institution judiciaire et ambitionne d’en retracer le fil historique afin d’en expliquer le « sens » compris comme la direction et les évolutions que connaissent les différentes formes d’administration de la justice. La troisième partie s’intéresse au sens de la justice en tant que ressenti, c’est-à-dire à la façon dont les Sud-Coréens, perçoivent et se saisissent de la justice au moyen des « sens ». Pour ce faire, c’est la perception de l’idée et de l’image de la justice comprise à la fois comme principe et comme fonction judiciaire qui est étudiée ainsi que sa réception. / This study on the South Korean justice, past and present, seeks to set out the terms or values that could guide towards a better understanding of this concept. It aims to reveal the distinctive aspects of its legal tradition that went through multiple upheavals and whose current perception is blurred.Conceptualized and institutionalized in its contemporary form on a western mold, justice is in itself a unique and ancient Korean legal tradition. Compared to the Western « legalistic » view, traditional Korean legal thought is based on a moral drawn from Confucianism. This ethic based on knowledge, virtue, and etiquette, will help shape a theory and practice of justice whose influence endures to this day.To discover the meanings of justice in South Korea and clarify what justice means and represents through time, the first part attempts to define all the ideas connected with the principle of justice. The second part discuss the judicial institution and aims to trace its historical thread to explain the changes experienced by the different forms of administration of justice. The third part focuses on the feelings of justice. It aims to describe how South Koreans perceive and grasp justice. To do this, it is the perception of the idea and the image of justice understood both as a principle and judicial function that is analyzed, as well as the way this perception is received.

This thesis, with special emphasis on African recipient countries, aims to compare and clarify the foreign aid practices adopted by China and South Korea. While South Korea is mostly portrayed as an emerging donor country intending to tie economic relations to recipients, China draws a very diverse audience with reactions to its aid policy ranging from strong suspicion to sincere curiosity. In this thesis, we examine relationships between economic indicators such as population, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), GDP per capita, trade, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), energy production of African recipient countries and the foreign aid policies of these two donors. Through the statistical research method of panel data analysis, we found that the Chinese government has a tendency to provide its aid to more populous African countries, while the often hypothesized China’s resource-securing aid intention is not confirmed. In the case of South Korea, Seoul has a more risk-avert attitude in its Official Development Assistance (ODA) by providing these funds to higher income-level recipients.

Bachelor's thesis. / Format: PDF. Bibl.

This Master’s degree thesis analyses the generational cleavage present in the South Korean electorate, according to the results of the 18th presidential election that took place in December 2012. The focus of the thesis is on the changes of political ideologies and the generational change within the past decade, since the shift within electorate’s political orientations has exposed the slowly emerging generational cleavage. The object of the thesis is to find out whether there really is a generational cleavage within the Korean electorate and if so, what are the main reasons behind it. The object is being pursued by using descriptive analysis of primary and secondary sources and an in-depth interview with open questions. / Šis magistro laipsnio baigiamsis darbas tiria kartų skirtį Pietų Korėjos respublikos visuomenėje pagal 2012 m. gruodžio mėnesį įvykusių aštuonioliktųjų prezidento rinkimų rezultatus. Pagrindinis dėmesys yra telkiamas politinių ideologijų pokyčius ir kartų kaitą praėjusiame dešimtmetyje, kadangi elektorato politinių ideologijų pokytis išryškino pamažu atsirandančią kartų skirtį. Pasitelkiant aprašomąją pirminių bei antrinių šaltinių analizę bei giluminio interviu metodą atviro tipo klausimais siekamas darbo tikslas – išsiaiškinti ar Korėjos elektorate tikrai pasireiškia kartų skirties fenomenas ir jeigu taip, kokios yra jo priežastys.

Increased globalization and the thought of converging values has lead marketing practitioners and academics to consider more standardized approaches to marketing and advertising strategies. Even though cultures seem to evolve closer to each other, cultural diversity still exists. Advertising reflects and influences our cultural values and therefore it cannot be ignored when building effective advertising. Results show that culture impacts execution more than creative strategy (Wei & Jiang, 2005) and therefor execution is seen as an important element of cross-cultural marketing and advertising. The emergence of new social media channels is raising the question whether previous execution styles are suitable for these marketing channels and whether similar connection with the culture exists. This thesis examines how cultural characteristics are reflected in advertising execution and draws special attention to the marketing communication through mobile messaging applications. However, this study takes new approach for viewing culture’s influence on advertising executions by exploring the preferences of audience. This research aims to shed light on the under researched area of cross-cultural advertising in Asian region in terms of two culturally similar countries. This study examines Chinese and South Korean preferences and perceptions of execution styles and explores to what extent similarities and differences occur. These similarities and differences are analyzed in terms of culture and whether these findings can be attributed to the nations' cultural characteristics. To address the topic holistically in its cultural context, a qualitative mixed-methods research approach was adopted for this research. This present study combines cultural and advertising theories to produce a theoretical frame for data collection and further analysis. Findings indicate that culture does influence execution preferences even in rather similar cultures. Although advertising reflects nations’ cultural values, it does not directly translate into the preferences of that audience. This study indicated that the channel of marketing communication influences execution preferences. Mobile messaging application as a marketing channel was seen affecting the preferences of Chinese and Koreans towards more direct and informational communication which have been considered untypical for East Asian cultures. However, overall changes in the preferences appeared indicating value shift, changes in the expressions of culture, or paradoxal values. Results suggest that cross-cultural marketers and advertisers should recognize the importance of cultural characteristics when planning and designing execution strategies.

This thesis is an in-depth analysis of beauty ideals in South Korea and India. These two countries have recently turned to skin lightening and cosmetic surgery in order to achieve their new beauty standards. Not only do these two countries share a propensity for those two trends, but they also have an overwhelming majority of the population that identifies with a specific religion; Hinduism in the case of India and Confucianism in the case of South Korea. However, it is not clear that the current beauty ideal in each country aligns with the beauty ideal set out in the respective foundational religion.