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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
361

How closely does electricity production follow price signals?

Sa Cunha, Théo January 2021 (has links)
This thesis investigates the relation between the day-ahead electricity market prices and the electricity production in the Nordic synchronous area of the European electric power system by looking into the market data ranging from 2015 to the current time. The increasing penetration of variable renewable energy sources, coupled with the deeper electrification in various sectors of the economy, has led to a higher volatility in the market, e.g. in the market prices. Since all power plant owners plan their production depending on prices, price forecasts, availability, it is necessary to better understand the relation between price signals and the production variations. Firstly, balancing contributions, considered as a suitable tool, are found unfit to apply to this research. Secondly, spectral analysis is used to highlight frequencies in the signals, leading to the determination of three time scales of variations: daily, two-weekly and yearly. It is used to define three timehorizons which are used to apply different mathematical tools on the market data. Thirdly, the correlation coefficient between a type of production and the day-ahead prices assesses the linearity of their respective variations. Lastly, the relative market value of the production gives insight into the , e.g. with regard to flexibility. Results of this research show that the correlation between the day-ahead prices and the production depends on the time-horizon, the production type, as well as the area. E.g., if SE2’s and SE1’s hydro production are highly correlated to prices in the daily and two-weekly patterns, the former has not enough storage to follow prices on the yearly horizon, while the latter can, due to its bigger reservoirs. Results also show that wind power is one of the drivers of the day-ahead prices, especially in the two-weekly time horizon. The increasing share of wind power will hence lead in more price variations as well as lower average price levels.. This study aims to provide insights to the plant owners with flexibility possibility on how to face those future challenges. / Detta examensarbete undersöker sambandet mellan day-ahead-priser på elmarknaden och elproduktion i den nordiska synkrona delen av det europeiska elsystemet. Analysen bygger på data mellan 2015 och maj 2021. I och med att andelen väderberoende förnybara energikällor ökar samtidigt som olika sektorer elektrifieras har elmarknaden och elpriserna blivit mer volatila. Den volatiliteten behöver elproducenter förhålla sig till när de planerar sin produktion beroende på elpriser, elprisprognoser, tillgänglighet m.m. och därför är det avgörande att belysa förhållandet mellan prissignaler och anpassning av produktionsnivåer. Arbetet inkluderar olika steg: Först undersöktes balansbidrag och det kunde visas att detta mått inte lämpar sig för att beskriva sambandet mellan produktion och elpriser. Sedan gjordes en spektralanalys för att identifiera de grundläggande variationerna: dygns-, tvåveckors- och årsvariationer. Baserad på dem specificerades tre tidshorisonter som olika matematiska mått utvärderas på. Ett sådant mått är korrelationskoefficienter som användes för att beskriva sambandet mellan produktionsdata per kraftslag och elpriser på ett linjärt sätt. Slutligen användes relativa marknadsvärden på samma sätt för att kunna undersöka olika kraftslags karakteristik och få inblick i deras flexibilitet samt körsättet. Resultaten visar att korrelationen mellan day-ahead-priser och produktion beror påtidshorisonten, kraftslag och prisområde. Till exempel är vattenkraften i norra Sverige (SE1 och SE2) starkt korrelerad med elpriserna på dyngs- och tvåveckorsnivå medan korrelationen på årsnivå är starkare för SE1 eftersom vattenmagasin i SE1 har större reglerutrymme på den långa tidshorisonten än magasinen i SE2. Resultaten visar dessutom att vindkraften är den drivande faktorn för elprisvariationerna, särskilt när det gäller tvåveckorshorisonten. Vindkraften kommer öka prisvariationerna och samtidigt sänka prisnivån. Målet med examensarbetet är att få mer inblick i kraftslagens flexibilitet och därmed öka förståelsen för framtida utmaningar.
362

Dynamic Modeling and Stability Analysis of Stochastic Multi-Physical Systems Applied to Electric Power Systems

González Zumba, Jorge Andrés 10 January 2021 (has links)
[ES] La naturaleza aleatoria que caracteriza algunos fenómenos en sistemas físicos reales (e.g., ingeniería, biología, economía, finanzas, epidemiología y otros) nos ha planteado el desafío de un cambio de paradigma del modelado matemático y el análisis de sistemas dinámicos, y a tratar los fenómenos aleatorios como variables aleatorias o procesos estocásticos. Este enfoque novedoso ha traído como consecuencia nuevas especificidades que la teoría clásica del modelado y análisis de sistemas dinámicos deterministas no ha podido cubrir. Afortunadamente, maravillosas contribuciones, realizadas sobre todo en el último siglo, desde el campo de las matemáticas por científicos como Kolmogorov, Langevin, Lévy, Itô, Stratonovich, sólo por nombrar algunos; han abierto las puertas para un estudio bien fundamentado de la dinámica de sistemas físicos perturbados por ruido. En la presente tesis se discute el uso de ecuaciones diferenciales algebraicas estocásticas (EDAEs) para el modelado de sistemas multifísicos en red afectados por perturbaciones estocásticas, así como la evaluación de su estabilidad asintótica a través de exponentes de Lyapunov (ELs). El estudio está enfocado en EDAEs d-index-1 y su reformulación como ecuaciones diferenciales estocásticas ordinarias (EDEs). Fundamentados en la teoría ergódica, es factible analizar los ELs a través de sistemas dinámicos aleatorios (SDAs) generados por EDEs subyacentes. Una vez garantizada la existencia de ELs bien definidas, hemos procedido al uso de técnicas de simulación numérica para determinar los ELs numéricamente. Hemos implementado métodos numéricos basados en descomposición QR discreta y continua para el cómputo de la matriz de solución fundamental y su uso en el cálculo de los ELs. Las características numéricas y computacionales más relevantes de ambos métodos se ilustran mediante pruebas numéricas. Toda esta investigación sobre el modelado de sistemas con EDAEs y evaluación de su estabilidad a través de ELs calculados numéricamente, tiene una interesante aplicación en ingeniería. Esta es la evaluación de la estabilidad dinámica de sistemas eléctricos de potencia. En el presente trabajo de investigación, implementamos nuestros métodos numéricos basados en descomposición QR para el test de estabilidad dinámica en dos modelos de sistemas eléctricos de potencia de una-máquina bus-infinito (OMBI) afectados por diferentes perturbaciones ruidosas. El análisis en pequeña-señal evidencia el potencial de las técnicas propuestas en aplicaciones de ingeniería. / [CA] La naturalesa aleatòria que caracteritza alguns fenòmens en sistemes físics reals (e.g., enginyeria, biologia, economia, finances, epidemiologia i uns altres) ens ha plantejat el desafiament d'un canvi de paradigma del modelatge matemàtic i l'anàlisi de sistemes dinàmics, i a tractar els fenòmens aleatoris com a variables aleatòries o processos estocàstics. Aquest enfocament nou ha portat com a conseqüència noves especificitats que la teoria clàssica del modelatge i anàlisi de sistemes dinàmics deterministes no ha pogut cobrir. Afortunadament, meravelloses contribucions, realitzades sobretot en l'últim segle, des del camp de les matemàtiques per científics com Kolmogorov, Langevin, Lévy, Itô, Stratonovich, només per nomenar alguns; han obert les portes per a un estudi ben fonamentat de la dinàmica de sistemes físics pertorbats per soroll. En la present tesi es discuteix l'ús d'equacions diferencials algebraiques estocàstiques (EDAEs) per al modelatge de sistemes multifísicos en xarxa afectats per pertorbacions estocàstiques, així com l'avaluació de la seua estabilitat asimptòtica a través d'exponents de Lyapunov (ELs). L'estudi està enfocat en EDAEs d-index-1 i la seua reformulació com a equacions diferencials estocàstiques ordinàries (EDEs). Fonamentats en la teoria ergòdica, és factible analitzar els ELs a través de sistemes dinàmics aleatoris (SDAs) generats per EDEs subjacents. Una vegada garantida l'existència d'ELs ben definides, hem procedit a l'ús de tècniques de simulació numèrica per a determinar els ELs numèricament. Hem implementat mètodes numèrics basats en descomposició QR discreta i contínua per al còmput de la matriu de solució fonamental i el seu ús en el càlcul dels ELs. Les característiques numèriques i computacionals més rellevants de tots dos mètodes s'illustren mitjançant proves numèriques. Tota aquesta investigació sobre el modelatge de sistemes amb EDAEs i avaluació de la seua estabilitat a través d'ELs calculats numèricament, té una interessant aplicació en enginyeria. Aquesta és l'avaluació de l'estabilitat dinàmica de sistemes elèctrics de potència. En el present treball de recerca, implementem els nostres mètodes numèrics basats en descomposició QR per al test d'estabilitat dinàmica en dos models de sistemes elèctrics de potència d'una-màquina bus-infinit (OMBI) afectats per diferents pertorbacions sorolloses. L'anàlisi en xicotet-senyal evidencia el potencial de les tècniques proposades en aplicacions d'enginyeria. / [EN] The random nature that characterizes some phenomena in the real-world physical systems (e.g., engineering, biology, economics, finance, epidemiology, and others) has posed the challenge of changing the modeling and analysis paradigm and treat these phenomena as random variables or stochastic processes. Consequently, this novel approach has brought new specificities that the classical theory of modeling and analysis for deterministic dynamical systems cannot cover. Fortunately, stunning contributions made overall in the last century from the mathematics field by scientists such as Kolmogorov, Langevin, Lévy, Itô, Stratonovich, to name a few; have opened avenues for a well-founded study of the dynamics in physical systems perturbed by noise. In the present thesis, we discuss stochastic differential-algebraic equations (SDAEs) for modeling multi-physical network systems under stochastic disturbances, and their asymptotic stability assessment via Lyapunov exponents (LEs). We focus on d-index-1 SDAEs and their reformulation as ordinary stochastic differential equations (SDEs). Supported by the ergodic theory, it is feasible to analyze the LEs via the random dynamical system (RDSs) generated by the underlying SDEs. Once the existence of well-defined LEs is guaranteed, we proceed to the use of numerical simulation techniques to determine the LEs numerically. Discrete and continuous QR decomposition-based numerical methods are implemented to compute the fundamental solution matrix and use it in the computation of the LEs. Important numerical and computational features of both methods are illustrated through numerical tests. All this investigation concerning systems modeling through SDAEs and their stability assessment via computed LEs finds an appealing engineering application in the dynamic stability assessment of power systems. In this research work, we implement our QR-based numerical methods for testing the dynamic stability in two types of single-machine infinite-bus (SMIB) power system models perturbed by different noisy disturbances. The analysis in small-signal evidences the potential of the proposed techniques in engineering applications. / Mi agradecimiento al estado ecuatoriano que, a través del Programa de Becas para el Fortalecimiento y Desarrollo del Talento Humano en Ciencia y Tecnología 2012 de la Secretaría Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología (SENESCYT), han financiado mis estudios de doctorado. / González Zumba, JA. (2020). Dynamic Modeling and Stability Analysis of Stochastic Multi-Physical Systems Applied to Electric Power Systems [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/158558
363

Hydrology and Bed Topography of the Greenland Ice Sheet : Last known surroundings

Lindbäck, Katrin January 2015 (has links)
The increased temperatures in the Arctic accelerate the loss of land based ice stored in glaciers. The Greenland Ice Sheet is the largest ice mass in the Northern Hemisphere and holds ~10% of all the freshwater on Earth, equivalent to ~7 metres of global sea level rise. A few decades ago, the mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet was poorly known and assumed to have little impact on global sea level rise. The development of regional climate models and remote sensing of the ice sheet during the past decade have revealed a significant mass loss. To monitor how the Greenland Ice Sheet will affect sea levels in the future requires understanding the physical processes that govern its mass balance and movement. In the southeastern and central western regions, mass loss is dominated by the dynamic behaviour of ice streams calving into the ocean. Changes in surface mass balance dominate mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet in the central northern, southwestern and northeastern regions. Little is known about what the hydrological system looks like beneath the ice sheet; how well the hydrological system is developed decides the water’s impact on ice movement. In this thesis, I have focused on radar sounding measurements to map the subglacial topography in detail for a land-terminating section of the western Greenland Ice Sheet. This knowledge is a critical prerequisite for any subglacial hydrological modelling. Using the high-resolution ice thickness and bed topography data, I have made the following specific studies: First, I have analysed the geological setting and glaciological history of the region by comparing proglacial and subglacial spectral roughness. Second, I have analysed the subglacial water drainage routing and revealed a potential for subglacial water piracy between adjacent subglacial water catchments with changes in the subglacial water pressure regime. Finally, I have looked in more detail into englacial features that are commonly observed in radar sounding data from western Greenland. In all, the thesis highlights the need not only for accurate high-resolution subglacial digital elevation models, but also for regionally optimised interpolation when conducting detailed hydrological studies of the Greenland Ice Sheet. / De ökade temperaturerna i Arktis påskyndar förlusten av landbaserad is lagrad i glaciärer och permafrost. Grönlands inlandsis är den största ismassan på norra halvklotet och lagrar ca 10% av allt sötvatten på jorden, vilket motsvarar ca 7 meter global havsnivåhöjning. För ett par decennier sedan var inlandsisens massbalans dåligt känd och antogs ha liten inverkan på dagens havsnivåhöjning. Utvecklingen av regionala klimatmodeller och satellitbaserad fjärranalys av inlandsisen har under de senaste decenniet påvisat en betydande massförlust. För att förutse vilken inverkan inlandsisen har på framtida havsnivåhöjningar krävs en förståelse för de fysikaliska processerna som styr dess massbalans och isrörelse. I de sydöstra och centrala västra delarna av inlandsisen domineras massförlusten av dynamiska processer i isströmmar som kalvar ut i havet. Massförlusten i de centrala norra, sydvästra och nordöstra delarna domineras av isytans massbalans. Ytterst lite är känt om hur det hydrologiska systemet ser ut under inlandsisen; hur väl det hydrologiska systemet är utvecklat avgör vattnets påverkan på isrörelsen. I denna doktorsavhandling har jag använt markbaserade radarmätningar för att kartlägga den subglaciala topografin för en del av den västra landbaserade inlandsisen. Denna kunskap är en viktig förutsättning för att kunna modellera den subglaciala hydrologin. Med hjälp av rumsligt högupplöst data över istjockleken och bottentopografin har jag gjort följande specifika studier: Först har jag analyserat de geologiska och glaciologiska förhållandena i regionen genom att jämföra proglacial och subglacial spektralanalys av terrängens ytojämnheter. Sedan har jag analyserat den subglaciala vattenavrinningen och påvisat en potential för att avrinningsområdena kan ändras beroende på vattentryckförhållandena på botten. Slutligen har jag tittat mer i detalj på englaciala radarstrukturer som ofta observerats i radardata från västra Grönland. Sammanfattningsvis belyser avhandlingen behovet av inte bara noggranna rumsligt högupplösta subglaciala digitala höjdmodeller, utan även regionalt optimerad interpolering när detaljerade hydrologiska studier ska utföras på Grönlands inlandsis.
364

Avaliação da pineal humana in vivo pela ressonância magnética funcional. / In vivo assessment of human pineal by functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Constantinides, Claudia de Queiroz Accioly 23 April 2015 (has links)
Este estudo foi realizado para testar técnicas de ressonância magnética funcional (RMf) para investigar aspectos funcionais da pineal humana. Foram coletadas imagens funcionais e amostras de sangue total para a dosagem da melatonina plasmática antes, durante e após a apresentação de estímulo com luz azul quase monocromática em indivíduos saudáveis. Os participantes realizaram o exame de tomografia computadorizada do crânio sem o uso de contraste endovenoso (TC), para a avaliação qualitativa do grau de calcificação pineal. As conclusões foram: a) não houve ativação da pineal em resposta à aplicação da luz; b) não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as condições pré-estímulo, durante o estímulo ou pós-estímulo usando diferentes métodos de análise dos dados de RMf, porém, observou-se tendência de maior poder espectral na pineal durante a aplicação do estímulo luminoso do que nas condições pré e pós-estímulo; c) foi identificada a conectividade funcional da pineal, que poderá ser melhor avaliada em estudo futuro. / This study aimed to test the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques in order to investigate the functional aspects of human pineal gland. Some functional images and total blood samples for dosing the plasmatic melatonin concentration were collected before, during and after the presentation of a monochromatic blue light stimulation in healthy individuals. All subjects were examined by a brain CT scan, with no the administration of endovenous contrast, for the qualitative assessment of the pineal calcification level. The conclusions were the following: a) there was no pineal activation in response to the application of light; b) there were no statistically significant differences between the pre-, during and poststimulation conditions with different analysis methods of fMRI data, however, there was a trend of greater spectral power in the pineal gland during the luminous stimulation application than under the other conditions; c) the functional connectivity of the pineal could be identified, which should be better assessed in a future study.
365

Análise de formas usando wavelets em grafos / Shape analysis using wavelets on graphs

Leandro, Jorge de Jesus Gomes 11 February 2014 (has links)
O presente texto descreve a tese de doutorado intitulada Análise de Formas usando Wavelets em Grafos. O tema está relacionado à área de Visão Computacional, particularmente aos tópicos de Caracterização, Descrição e Classificação de Formas. Dentre os métodos da extensa literatura em Análise de Formas 2D, percebe-se uma presença menor daqueles baseados em grafos com topologia arbitrária e irregular. As contribuições desta tese procuram preencher esta lacuna. É proposta uma metodologia baseada no seguinte pipeline : (i) Amostragem da forma, (ii) Estruturação das amostras em grafos, (iii) Função-base definida nos vértices, (iv) Análise multiescala de grafos por meio da Transformada Wavelet Espectral em grafos, (v) Extração de Características da Transformada Wavelet e (vi) Discriminação. Para cada uma das etapas (i), (ii), (iii), (v) e (vi), são inúmeras as abordagens possíveis. Um dos desafios é encontrar uma combinação de abordagens, dentre as muitas alternativas, que resulte em um pipeline eficaz para nossos propósitos. Em particular, para a etapa (iii), dado um grafo que representa uma forma, o desafio é identificar uma característica associada às amostras que possa ser definida sobre os vértices do grafo. Esta característica deve capturar a influência subjacente da estrutura combinatória de toda a rede sobre cada vértice, em diversas escalas. A Transformada Wavelet Espectral sobre os Grafos revelará esta influência subjacente em cada vértice. São apresentados resultados obtidos de experimentos usando formas 2D de benchmarks conhecidos na literatura, bem como de experimentos de aplicações em astronomia para análise de formas de galáxias do Sloan Digital Sky Survey não-rotuladas e rotuladas pelo projeto Galaxy Zoo 2 , demonstrando o sucesso da técnica proposta, comparada a abordagens clássicas como Transformada de Fourier e Transformada Wavelet Contínua 2D. / This document describes the PhD thesis entitled Shape Analysis by using Wavelets on Graphs. The addressed theme is related to Computer Vision, particularly to the Characterization, Description and Classication topics. Amongst the methods presented in an extensive literature on Shape Analysis 2D, it is perceived a smaller presence of graph-based methods with arbitrary and irregular topologies. The contributions of this thesis aim at fullling this gap. A methodology based on the following pipeline is proposed: (i) Shape sampling, (ii) Samples structuring in graphs, (iii) Function dened on vertices, (iv) Multiscale analysis of graphs through the Spectral Wavelet Transform, (v) Features extraction from the Wavelet Transforms and (vi) Classication. For the stages (i), (ii), (iii), (v) and (vi), there are numerous possible approaches. One great challenge is to nd a proper combination of approaches from the several available alternatives, which may be able to yield an eective pipeline for our purposes. In particular, for the stage (iii), given a graph representing a shape, the challenge is to identify a feature, which may be dened over the graph vertices. This feature should capture the underlying inuence from the combinatorial structure of the entire network over each vertex, in multiple scales. The Spectral Graph Wavelet Transform will reveal such an underpining inuence over each vertex. Yielded results from experiments on 2D benchmarks shapes widely known in literature, as well as results from astronomy applications to the analysis of unlabeled galaxies shapes from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and labeled galaxies shapes by the Galaxy Zoo 2 Project are presented, demonstrating the achievements of the proposed technique, in comparison to classic approaches such as the 2D Fourier Transform and the 2D Continuous Wavelet Transform.
366

Integration and interdependency : identification of the ruptures in the case of East-Asian countries / Intégration et interdépendances : identification des ruptures dans le cas des pays d'Asie

Essaadi, Essahbi 27 June 2011 (has links)
Cette thèse analyse la faisabilité d'une union monétaire en Asie de l'Est dans une vision dynamique et utilise les outils appropriés qui correspondent à l'histoire de l'économie régionale de la région. A partir de la littérature de la ZMO, nous testons quatre critères où chaqu'un d'eux sera traiter dans un chapitre. Dans le premier chapitre, nous présentons un fait stylisé pour différents arrangements financiers régionaux. Suite à la littérature existence, nous testons la dynamique de l'intégration financière par le biais de l'interdépendance des marchés boursiers. Le deuxième chapitre présente des perspectives à long terme des taux de change en Asie de l'Est avec une recommandation de la politique de ciblage d'inflation comme une politique monétaire régionale. L'adoption de cette politique assure un équilibre interne et maintient la stabilité de la compétitivité par la stabilité du taux de change. Nous étudions la synchronisation des cycles à l'Asie de l'Est au troisième chapitre. Une nouvelle mesure de la synchronisation des cycles économiques fondés sur l'analyse spectrale a été introduite. Notre méthodologie empirique renforce ceux des chapitres précédents qui prouvent une intégration économique croissante dans la région essentiellement durant cette dernière décennie. Le dernier chapitre examine la réaction d'un choc externe et un choc monétaire aux différents dates pour certaines économies de l'Asie de l'Est. / This thesis analyzes the feasibility of a monetary union in East Asia in a dynamic view and employ the appropriate tools which are close to the specific way of the regional economy trajectory in the region. Starting from OCA literature, we test four main criteria in four separate chapter. In the first chapter, we present a stylized fact for different regional financial arrangement. Following existence literature, we test dynamic of financial integration through stock market index interdependence proxy. The second Chapter presents long term perspective of exchange rate in East Asia with a recommendation of Inflation Targeting policy as a common regional monetary policy. The adoption of such policy insures an internal equilibrium and maintains stability of competitiveness through the stability of exchange rate. We investigate in the third Chapter business cycles synchronization in East Asia. A new measure of business cycle synchronization based on spectral analysis has been introduced. Our empirical methodology reinforces previous chapter finds of a clear economic integration in the region for the last decade. The last Chapter thoroughly investigates the reaction of an external shock and a monetary shock at different period for some East Asia economies.
367

Comparing locomotor behaviour of the fish species Danio rerio and Leucaspius delineatus under the influence of chemical stressors

Baganz, Daniela 22 May 2006 (has links)
Diese Dissertation ist ein Beitrag zum Forschungsfeld der Stressökologie, im Spe-ziellen der Verhaltensökotoxikologie. Das spontane lokomotorische Verhalten der Fischarten Danio rerio und Leucaspius delineatus wurde unter sublethaler Expo-sition mit dem Cyanobakterientoxin Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) und dem Xenobio-tikums 2.4.4`-Trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 28) quantifiziert. Die Schwimmgeschwin-digkeit und Anzahl der Wendungen wurden kontinuierlich mit einem automati-schen Video-Monitoringsystem unter Laborbedingungen aufgezeichnet. In Hin-blick auf zyklische Aspekte wurden die Verhaltensanalysen mit chronobiologi-schen Methoden kombiniert. Hiermit wurde gezeigt, dass MC-LR und PCB 28 zu signifikanten Effekten in Verhalten und Aktivitätsrhythmik beider Fischarten führten. Höhere Konzentrati-onen beider Untersuchungssubstanzen verursachten eine deutliche Aktivitätsredu-zierung bei Danio rerio und Leucaspius delineatus. Einige der festgestellten Do-sis-Wirkungsbeziehungen entsprechen der Hormesistheorie, z. B. war bei geringe-ren MC-LR Konzentrationen ein Aktivitätsanstieg und bei höheren ein Aktivitäts-abfall beider Fischarten zu verzeichnen. Die Exposition mit MC-LR und PCB 28 verringerte bei beiden Testfischarten die Synchronisation der Aktivität mit dem Zeitgeber Licht. Dies führte bei beiden Fischarten zu einer Phasenverschiebung. Bei Leucaspius delineatus war unter dem Einfluss von MC-LR eine Phasenumkehr zu verzeichnen, die Fische wechselten von Tag- zu Nachtaktivität. Die Cosinor Analyse zeigte Dosis abhängige Veränderungen der circadianen Rhythmen der Schwimmaktivität (z.B. MESOR, Akrophase) unter Einfluss von MC-LR und PCB 28 an. Die Power Spektral Analyse indizierte für beide Fischar-ten unter Einwirkung von MC-LR and PCB 28 eine reduzierte Dominanz des cir-cadianen Rhythmuspeaks. Da die registrierten Unterschiede in der Reaktion beider Fischarten auf MC-LR und PCB 28 eher gering waren, sind Ergebnisse der Art Danio rerio, die häufig in Toxizitätstests verwendet wird, mit denen der einheimischen Art Leucaspius deli-neatus vergleichbar. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass Verhaltensuntersuchungen in Kombination mit chronobiologischen Auswertemethoden eine sensitive und zuverlässige Abschät-zung des Gefährdungspotentials von Substanzen sowohl auf dem Gebiet der Öko-toxikologie als auch für Biomonitoring ermöglichen. / This thesis contributes to the field of stress ecology specifically behavioural ecotoxicology. The spontaneous locomotor behavior of two fish species Danio re-rio and Leucaspius delineatus was recorded and quantified continuously under sublethal exposure to the cyanotoxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and the xenobioti-cum 2.4.4`-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 28). By using an automated video-monitoring system, the swimming velocity and the number of turns were assessed under labo-ratory conditions. For analysing cyclic aspects basic behavioural analyses were combined with chronobiological procedures as cosinor analysis and power spec-tral analysis. Both MC-LR and PCB 28 acted as stressors and caused significant changes in the behaviour and circadian activity rhythms of Danio rerio as well as Leucaspius de-lineatus. So for both species elevated concentrations of the stressors led to a re-duction of their activity. Some dose-responses correspond to the hormesis theory, e.g., there was an increase of daytime activity at lower MC-LR concentrations and a decrease at elevated concentrations of MC-LR for both species. A degree of desynchronisation of activity to the zeitgeber light, which led to a phase shift was caused by the chemicals in both fish species. In Leucaspius de-lineatus this shift was so drastic that this species reversed their significant diurnal activity and became nocturnal under the influence of MC-LR. The Cosinor analysis revealed MC-LR- and PCB 28-induced, dose-dependent al-terations of the circadian rhythms of activity (e.g., MESOR, acrophase). The power spectral analysis showed that the dominance of the circadian rhythmic peak (of 24 h) was reduced under MC-LR and PCB 28 for both species. Since the observed differences in the reactions of both species to MC-LR and PCB 28 were rather small, the results of the species Danio rerio which is widely used for environmental risk assessment tests, are comparable to those of the native European species Leucaspius delineatus. The findings of this study proved that the basic behavioural analyses combined with chronobiological procedures could be valuable tools for the study of stressful or even harmful environmental factors in the field of ecotoxicology as well as for biomonitoring.
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Entwicklung alternativer Auswerteverfahren für Mikrowellendopplersignale bei der Geschwindigkeitsbestimmung im Bahnverkehr / New Methods for the Analysis of Doppler-Radar-Signals in Train Speed Measurement

Kakuschke, Chris 24 June 2004 (has links) (PDF)
To measure the speed of a vehicle, the revolution of a wheel or a rigid axle is traditionally used. Therefore non corrigible systematic errors occur which are caused by slip, spin and by the change of wheel diameter due to fretting. Train control and traction systems require new robust as well as precise methods of speed measurement. Because of their physical properties, Doppler-radar-sensors attached to the vehicle and measuring ground speed are first choice for this range of applications. Currently used sensors cannot fulfil the high demands under all operating conditions, because they are unable to completely compensate the various interferences and systematic deviations. This is the starting point of this dissertation. Two independent diverse methods with optimised reliability and accuracy must be used to meet all requirements. Limited resources of the embedded digital signal processor system under real-time conditions have to be taken into account. According to the boundary conditions, the introductory chapters critically discuss the frequency analysis methods currently used and describe starting points for further development. This leads to the design of a new, robust, wide-band spectral analysis which combines techniques of the dyadic wavelet transformation with the fast Fourier transformation. At the same time a new frame procedure and general model for the estimation of motion parameters is developed which features short delays. The disadvantages of the block-based discrete spectral analysis applied over continuous approaches are extensively compensated. The block structure of spectral data enables the selective use of new knowledge-based spectral filters for the compensation of the remaining intense interferences which are typical of this kind of application. / Die Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeitsmessung über die Drehzahl eines Rades weist in Schlupf- und Schleuderzuständen erhebliche systematische Abweichungen auf. Deshalb erfordern Zugbeeinflussungs- und Antriebssysteme neue gleichzeitig robuste und präzise Geschwindigkeitsmessmethoden. Die Mikrowellensensorik unter Nutzung des Dopplereffekts zwischen Fahrzeug und Gleisbett wird wegen ihrer physikalischen Eigenschaften für dieses Einsatzgebiet favorisiert. Bisherige Sensorapplikationen erfüllen aber die hohen Ansprüche nicht in allen Betriebszuständen. Hier setzt die in dieser Arbeit beschriebene Sensorentwicklung auf. Zwei getrennt hergeleitete und nach Zuverlässigkeit und Genauigkeit optimierte neue Verfahren können bei gleichzeitiger Anwendung die gestellten Anforderungen erfüllen. Dabei müssen auch die beschränkten Ressourcen des eingebetteten digitalen Signalverarbeitungssystems unter Echtzeitbedingungen berücksichtigt werden. Entsprechend dieser Randbedingungen findet einleitend eine kritische Betrachtung bestehender Frequenzanalysemethoden statt und Ansätze für die Weiterentwicklung werden herausgearbeitet. Einerseits führt dies zur Konstruktion einer neuen störunempfindlichen Weitbereichsspektralzerlegung, welche Ansätze der dyadischen Wavelettransformation mit der Diskreten Fourier-Transformation verbindet. Andererseits wird ein neues Rahmenverfahren für die verzögerungsarme Schätzung der Bewegungsparameter des Fahrzeuges aufgrund seines physikalischen Bewegungsmodells hergeleitet und mit einem hochgenauen Frequenzauswerteverfahren kombiniert. Beide Verfahren basieren auf blockweisen diskreten Spektralzerlegungen, deren prinzipielle Nachteile gegenüber kontinuierlichen Ansätzen weitgehend kompensiert werden können. Durch die Blockorganisation lassen sich neuartige wissensbasierte Spektralfilter selektiv zur Unterdrückung starker bahnanwendungstypischer Störeinflüsse einsetzen.
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Multi-dimensional radiative transfer in circumstellar disks / Multi-dimensionaler Strahlungstransport in zirkumstellaren Scheiben

Hügelmeyer, Simon Daniel 17 December 2009 (has links)
No description available.
370

Extreme-ultraviolet light generation in plasmonic nanostructures / Plasmonic enhancement of high harmonic generation revisited

Sivis, Murat 13 November 2013 (has links)
No description available.

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