Os expressivos resultados obtidos nos últimos anos por ginastas brasileiros em campeonatos de ginástica artística de nível mundial têm favorecido a divulgação desse esporte no Brasil, mas ainda é escassa a produção de materiais terminográficos, como glossários ou dicionários, que promovam uma aproximação do público com a linguagem especializada da área. Este trabalho quer indicar bases para a produção desse tipo de material, através do estudo dos nomes atribuídos, no português brasileiro, a movimentos, aparelhos e tudo mais que compõe o universo da modalidade. Obedecendo aos pressupostos da Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia e da Socioterminologia, esta pesquisa se propôs a recolher uma lista de unidades terminológicas brasileiras da ginástica artística e a analisar a constituição morfológica e sintática dessas unidades, investigando a possibilidade de se indicar alguma recorrência em seus processos de formação, bem como a analisar as variantes terminológicas desse léxico. A observação dos dados mostrou a) menor influência do que a suposta em relação aos empréstimos linguísticos; b) predomínio de palavras primitivas sobre as derivadas ou compostas e, entre as derivadas, prevalência da derivação sufixal e da derivação regressiva; c) predomínio das variantes do tipo concorrentes. / In the past few years Brazilian gymnasts have been achieving outstanding results in worldwide artistic gymnastics championships favoring the spreading of the sport in Brazil, but the production of terminological materials, such as glossaries and dictionaries, which approach the public to the specialized language, is still insufficient. This research aims at offering some bases for the building of these materials by studying the Brazilian Portuguese terms regarding this sport modality. Based on the Communicative Theory of Terminology and on the Socioterminology, this research gathers a list of artistic gymnastics terms and analyzes their morphological construction in order to point out any recurrence in their processes of formation, as well as analyze the terminological variants of this lexicon. The data showed a) less influence than expected concerning linguistic borrowing; b) predominance of primitive words in comparison with derived words and, among the derived ones, prevalence of agglutination and conversion; c) preponderance of concurrent variants.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-05T11:55:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Michele Dias da Silva Oliveira - 2017.pdf: 5624248 bytes, checksum: a79ee7794bc5b6cb101cc52adb44a0a5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-05T11:56:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Michele Dias da Silva Oliveira - 2017.pdf: 5624248 bytes, checksum: a79ee7794bc5b6cb101cc52adb44a0a5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-05T11:56:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Michele Dias da Silva Oliveira - 2017.pdf: 5624248 bytes, checksum: a79ee7794bc5b6cb101cc52adb44a0a5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-10 / Introduction: To take care of people with leprosy, nurses make diagnostic and therapeutic judgments, which must be expressed through special terminology of the profession of theoretical nursing models. Therefore, the International Classification for Nursing Practice usage - CIPE® for the construction of a terminological subset aimed at people with leprosy is necessary to train nurse clinical practice. Objective: To create a terminological subset of nursing diagnoses, results and interventions for the care of people with leprosy, using CIPE® in clinical practice. Method: This is a methodological research study with two phases: one exploratory and the other, a field study. In the exploratory phase, three stages were used to perform terminological research and cross mapping between the terms extracted from Health Ministry publications, related to leprosy and those contained in CIPE® version 2015. In field phase: 1 - Nursing consultation based on Orem's self-care theory with elaboration of nursing diagnosis, results and interventions; 2 - Nursing diagnosis statements validation by three specialists; 3 - Cross mapping of diagnostic statements, results and nursing interventions with CIPE® and the database of terms extracted from the Health Ministry publications; 4 - Creation of the terminology subset of CIPE® to assist people with leprosy. Results: In exploratory phase, 1,041 terms were extracted from the Ministry of Health publications related to leprosy, from which 300 (28.80%) were equal to constant terms in the CIPE® axes; 51 (4.86%) were similar; 49 (4.68%) were larger; 172 (16.45%) were more restricted and 469 (45.00%) were different from the terms of that classification. In field phase, nursing consultations have been carried out on 24 people with leprosy, resulting in 81 nursing diagnoses / results and 303 nursing interventions. In the statements analysis of diagnosis / results and nursing interventions, 564 primitive terms have been evaluated: 342 (61%) were considered constant (equal term, similar, similar more restricted and Similar) in CIPE® and 222 (39.4%) different from CIPE®. From pre-coordinated terms, 384 were evaluated, from which 275 (72%) were considered constant (equal term, similar, more similar, similar and broader) and 109 (28.4%) different from pre-coordinated ICNP terms. Conclusions: The methodology used in this research made it possible to create a terminological subset based on Dorothea Orem self-care theory and CIPE®, and it can be used in clinical practice in nursing care to people with leprosy, in a systematized way, using the steps of nursing process and assisting in the teaching and creation of electronic medical records. In addition, from the results found in this study, it was noticed the need to expand CIPE® in order to better contemplate the phenomena of nursing practice in the care of people with leprosy. / Introdução: No atendimento a pessoas com hanseníase os enfermeiros realizam julgamentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos, que devem ser expressos por meio de terminologia especial da profissão a luz de modelos teóricos de enfermagem. Portanto, o uso da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem- CIPE® para a construção de um subconjunto terminológico voltado para pessoas com hanseníase faz-se necessário para instrumentalizar a prática clínica do enfermeiro. Objetivo: Construir um subconjunto terminológico de diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem para o atendimento de pessoas com hanseníase, utilizando a CIPE® na prática clínica. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de pesquisa metodológica com duas fases: uma exploratória e a outra, estudo de campo. Na fase exploratória, foram utilizadas três etapas para a realização da pesquisa terminológica e mapeamento cruzado entre os termos extraídos das publicações do Ministério da Saúde, relacionados à hanseníase e os contidos na CIPE® versão 2015. Na fase de campo empregou-se: 1- Consulta de enfermagem baseada na teoria de Autocuidado de Orem com elaboração de enunciados de diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem; 2- Validação dos enunciados de diagnóstico de enfermagem por três especialistas; 3- Mapeamento cruzado de enunciados de diagnóstico, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem com a CIPE® e com o banco de termos extraídos das publicações do Ministério da Saúde; 4- Construção do subconjunto terminológico da CIPE® para atendimento de pessoas com hanseníase. Resultados: Na fase exploratória foram extraídos 1.041 termos das publicações do Ministério da Saúde relacionados a hanseníase, dos quais 300 (28,80 %) eram iguais a termos constantes nos eixos da CIPE®; 51 (4,86%) eram semelhantes; 49 (4,68%) eram mais amplos; 172 (16,45%) eram mais restritos e 469 (45,00%) eram diferentes dos termos daquela classificação. Na fase de campo foram realizadas consultas de enfermagem a 24 pessoas com hanseníase, resultando em 81 diagnósticos/resultados de enfermagem e 303 intervenções de enfermagem. Na análise dos enunciados de diagnósticos/resultados e intervenções de enfermagem, quanto à similaridade e abrangência aos conceitos da CIPE®, foram avaliados 564 termos primitivos, desses: 342 (61%) foram considerados constantes (termo igual, semelhante, semelhante mais restrito e semelhante mais amplo) na CIPE® e 222 (39,4%) como diferentes da CIPE®. Dos termos pré coordenados, 384 foram avaliados, sendo 275 (72 %) considerados constantes (termo igual, semelhante, semelhante mais restrito e semelhante mais amplo) e 109 (28,4%) diferentes dos termos pré coordenados da CIPE® e em relação ao banco de termos extraídos das publicações do Ministério da Saúde. Conclusões: A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa possibilitou a construção de um subconjunto terminológico com base na teoria de autocuidado de Dorothea Orem e a CIPE®, podendo ser utilizada na prática clínica de enfermagem no atendimento a pessoas com hanseníase, de uma forma sistematizada, utilizando as etapas do processo de enfermagem e auxiliar no ensino e na construção de prontuários eletrônicos. Ademais, a partir dos resultados encontrados neste estudo, percebeu-se a necessidade de ampliação da CIPE® de modo a contemplar melhor os fenômenos da prática de enfermagem no atendimento a pessoas com hanseníase.

M.Ed. / The research question which is addressed in this study is the lack of functional reading and writing skills in a content subject such as Geography. The research was conducted with the assumption that most black students are lacking in the advanced literacy skills to learn Geography successfully. The rationale for the research is that if our education system wishes to improve learning skills and especially literacy amongst most black students the curriculum should put into practice effective reading and writing programmes in the teacher training colleges so that these skills are taught from the pre-primary schools up to matric as an on-going activity. The findings show that there is a large amount of rote learning without understanding of the learning content in the research sample, that they have limited vocabulary that contributes to poor self-expression and that some teachers are not well trained in the teaching of reading and writing skills across the curriculum.

This study was performed in Eskilstuna, Sweden in the spring of 2011. The Sörmland CountyCouncil (SCC) initiated the study to improve the communication with the public by adjustingthe language on its website. The website is an important communicative tool since manypeople search for health care information online. Thirty-six terms on the website of the SCCwere the objects of study, a majority of them being names of the departments atMälarsjukhuset Hospital. The departments are presented as a list of links on the website. Fouradditional medical terms were included. The comprehension of the 36 terms was investigatedamong 210 health care centre visitors in Eskilstuna. A questionnaire was used where theinformants were asked to shortly explain what health care issues are dealt with in the differentdepartments. The understanding varied greatly among the terms, from Klinisk fysiologi ochnukleärmedicin (clinical physiology and nuclear medicine/Clinical physics and nuclearmedicine) which only 14.6% of the informants understood to Ögon (eyes/Ophthalmology)which was understood by 92.98%. Seven of the terms were understood by less than 50% ofthe informants. The recommendation of the study to the SCC was to replace terms that werehard to understand to direct the website visitors to the information they are looking for andalso to review the language in all written communication with this study in mind.

This study is an analysis of the process of creating subtitles for the National Geographic documentary Fight Science: Mixed Martial Arts. The difficulties encountered during this project have included the translation of subject-specific terminology, the handling of source-text mistakes and the process of deciding how to condense the spoken dialogue when writing the subtitles. By studying these issues, certain conclusion can be drawn about the difficulties encountered when creating subtitles and translating texts with subject-specific terminology. The study is primarily based on the theories of Runo Ingo (2007), Vinay & Darbelnet (1977) and Chesterman & Wagner (2002). To find appropriate translations for subject-specific terminology, it is important to understand which translation device should be used (for example a loan or literal translation) through the examination of parallel texts and it is important that the translator be familiar with this terminology. How to properly handle mistakes in the source material depends greatly on the situation, the text concerned and the translator’s judgment. Decisions about which information can be omitted can be based on the information’s importance to the overall understanding of the show or the implicit nature of the information. The science of translation can be considered vague, but there exist theories and principles to aid translators when making such touch decisions as those encountered during this project.

It is my wish that the Sepedi language speakers, through the development and technologization of certain Sepedi ICT terminology, are able to operate a computer in their own language, and implement the new developed and technologized ICT terminology (technologization). The pupils and students at their various institutions should be made comfortable in using the developed and technologized Sepedi language terminology. In the long run the Sepedi language speakers should be ensured access to the web in order to find information about Sepedi language, culture and terms in disciplines such as ICT. It is recommended in this thesis that higher learning institutions offer bursaries to students to develop all South African languages in such a manner that they can be used in all high status functions.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate problems that arise when translating a German football text into Swedish. The qualitative study focuses on football terminology, as this is central to the language of football. Special attention was paid to synonymous terms, collocations, Anglicisms, metaphors, and metonymies. Various parallel texts and football dictionaries were consulted during the translation. Also, Koller's (2011) model of translation correspondences was used in order to systematize the findings. The analysis showed that when dealing with synonymous terms, different kinds of translation problems occurred due to correspondence type. For example, in cases where source text terms had only one correspondence in the target language, the target text inevitably became more repetitive than the source text. On the contrary, when a source-text term had several correspondences, many translation alternatives needed to be considered in order to choose the appropriate term in the specific target-text context. Concerning the translation of collocations, the analysis showed that interference may pose a problem even when translating into one's native language. As for the translation of Anglicisms, most of them could not be preserved in the target text, and, thus, needed to be replaced by existing Swedish equivalents. This occasionally turned out to be problematic, for instance when no direct equivalent could be found in the target language. On the contrary, many of the terms based on metaphorical concepts such as FOOTBALL IS WAR could be preserved, indicating that German and Swedish football language use this concept to a similar extent.

This study investigates translation choices and challenges in the translation of two training guides focused on running. It tests the validity of Reiss’s text-type theory in the translation of cultural aspects. Furthermore, the study discusses to what extent equivalence can be reached when translating an aesthetic language and finally, it comments on some characteristics of typical runners’ language. The results show that Reiss’s text type theory is not sufficient to guide the translation of cultural differences in the SL and TL but an analysis on phrasal and lexical level is also needed, where Koller’s equivalence relations and Newmark’s communicative translation are applicable. The results also show that figurative language is indeed possible to translate in these kinds of texts, where among others compensation proves a useful strategy. Equivalence on all levels of the text, however, is not always possible to reach. Finally, the findings of a special runners’ language were rather limited, although some examples indicating a presence of a runners’ jargon were found.

By combining quantitative and qualitative methods, the present study aims to investigate what strategies may be used in the translation of a text on football from English to Swedish, with focus on terminology and the metaphor FOOTBALL IS WAR. Special attention is paid to the trait of football language as a special language. Dictionaries and parallel texts, as well as different sources on football language and translation theory, such as Bergh & Ohlander (2012), Levin (2008) and Newmark (1988) were consulted in the translation and the subsequent analysis. As expected, the results show that borrowing is a very common strategy in the translation of football terminology. The loanwords were categorised as either direct (letter-for-letter or adjusted) or indirect (with the same or reversed order of inherent elements), and the most common kind was indirect loans (calques) with retained order of elements. Moreover, some terminology had to be translated by means of Vinay & Darbelnet’s (1958) equivalence. With regard to terms based on the FOOTBALL IS WAR metaphor, many could be reproduced in the target text, while others were changed to another image, and yet others reduced to literal language, after careful consideration of their frequency and appropriateness in Swedish football language. One of the major conclusions drawn from the present study is that some knowledge about the topic of the source text, as well as extensive and proper use of parallel texts is necessary, considering the distinctiveness of football language as opposed to general language.

Notre thèse étudie les principaux aspects liés au langage juridique, plus particulièrement à la terminologie juridique dans une perspective comparative entre le français et le roumain, et dans ce contexte elle fait une analyse en vue d’élaborer un type de dictionnaire terminologique bilingue des contrats de commerce international. Par cette recherche nous souhaitons contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de la terminologie juridique en roumain. La Roumanie connaît dernièrement, surtout depuis l’adhésion à l’Union Européenne [le 1er janvier 2007] un réel besoin d’études terminologiques, d’élaboration de dictionnaires et de bases de données dans tous les domaines d’activité nécessitant la traduction et l’interprétariat. La thèse est structurée en trois parties marquant une progression : • le cadre théorique — démontrant la nécessité de délimiter et de dénommer notre champ d’étude ; •le cadre méthodologique — justifiant la nécessité d’une ontologie, d’un classement des concepts permettant de préciser la nature et l’utilisation des termes et leur définition dans notre dictionnaire ; •le cadre des applications — illustrant notre travail par l’élaboration d’un type de dictionnaire bilingue du droit des contrats de commerce international [français-roumain et roumain-français] pouvant répondre aux besoins des spécialistes qui, à des titres divers, œuvrent dans le domaine du commerce international, professionnels du droit et traducteurs liés à ces activités. / Our dissertation is a comparative study investigating the main aspects of legal terminology in French and Romanian. In this context, the analysis aims at elaborating a bilingual, French - Romanian, Romanian - French, terminological dictionary of international commercial contracts. With this study we intend to improve the knowledge of legal terminology in Romanian. Romania has been faced lately, particularly since January 1st 2007, when it joined the European Union, with a real need for terminological studies, for dictionaries and data bases in all fields relating to translation and interpreting. The dissertation is structured in three parts marking a progression: •the theoretical framework - illustrating the need to define and delimit our field of study •the methodological framework - justifying the need for an ontology, for a classification of concepts that would enable the clarification of the nature and usage of the terms and their definition in our dictionary •the sphere of applications - illustrating our work by the elaboration of a bilingual, French - Romanian, Romanian - French, terminological dictionary of international commercial contracts, able to meet the needs of specialists working in the field of international trade, law professionals and translators working in these areas.