Visual records of place remain to a large degree inadequate when attempting to make visible the ephemeral states of consciousness that underlie the damage wrought by brutal regimes, let alone make visible the extraordinary histories and power structures encoded in images and views. This practice-led dissertation examines an emerging critical landscape genre in post-apartheid South Africa and Namibia, and its relationship to specific themes such as identity, belonging, trauma and memory. The landscape genre was traditionally considered inadequate to use in expressions of resistance under apartheid, particularly in the socially conscious and reformist discourse of South African documentary photography. I argue that, as a result of historical and cultural shifts after the demise of apartheid in 1994, a shift in aesthetic and subject matter has occurred, one that has led to a more rigorous and interventionist engagement with the landscape genre. I demonstrate how, after 1994, photographers of the long-established documentary tradition, which was meant to record 'what is there' in a sharp, clear, legible and impartial manner, would continue to draw on devices of the documentary aesthetic, but in a more idiosyncratic way. I show how these post-apartheid, documentary landscapes both disrupt and complicate the conventional expectations involved in converting visual fields into knowledge. I further investigate, through my own experimental documentary work, the ideologically fraught aspects of landscape representation with their links to Calvinist and German Romantic aesthetics. I appropriate and disrupt certain tropes still prevalent in popular landscape depictions. I do this in an effort to reveal the complex and troubled relationship that these traditions share with issues of willed historical amnesia and recognition in contemporary Namibia. Through my practice and the examination of other photographers' and artists' work, this project aims to further a self-reflective and critical approach to the genre of landscape and issues of identity in post-apartheid South Africa and Namibia.

Que signifie repenser l’Histoire littéraire et l’Histoire du roman comme Histoire culturelle ? Le point de départ de notre questionnement sur les formes de représentation adoptées par l’Histoire littéraire porte sur la doxa critique selon laquelle il existe une relation génétique entre l’épopée et le roman, dont la source se trouve dans ce qu’il est convenu de voir comme le texte fondateur de la littérature, l’épopée d’Homère et celui de la théorie littéraire, la Poétique d’Aristote. Si l’épopée homérique est une œuvre de la tradition orale, quelle est sa relation avec le roman, issu, lui, de la scripturalité et de l’émergence de la prose ? Si les récits en prose narrative de fiction apparaissent dans des civilisations sans épopée, quelle est la condition nécessaire pour leur émergence ? Si, de plus, l’apparition d’une prose narrative de fiction est précédée de plusieurs siècles de celle d’une historiographie et que ce phénomène se répète aussi bien dans la Grèce classique qu’au Moyen Âge européen, ou encore en Chine, quelle est la condition nécessaire pour l’essor du roman ? Nous présentons ici l’ébauche d’une Histoire alternative des origines du roman dans la Weltliteratur, en relation avec l’émergence de la scripturalité et la prose et l’essor de l’historiographie À la croisée de plusieurs disciplines académiques, notamment entre les sciences humaines et sociales, notre recherche fait appel d’une part à la théorie et à l’Histoire de la littérature, d’autre part à l’Histoire de l’historiographie, ainsi qu’à la théorie et la philosophie de l’Histoire. / Is it possible to rethink Literary History and in particular the History of the Novel as Cultural History which seeks to differentiate between an historical object and it’s representation? Considering the critical doxa, according to which, there exists a genetic link between epics and the novel, leads to one of Western thinking’s most stubborn myths. If epics, and particularly Homer’s, is seen as the novel’s ascendant , although it belongs to oral tradition, how does it explain the fact that as Ancient civilizations as Egypt or China or Israel developed sophisticated prose narratives without having epics? Moreover, if Western literary history refers to Aristotle’s Poetics as it’s foundational text, although by the time it was written, fictional prose didn’t exist yet, and was only to develop a few centuries later, shouldn’t we seek for the missing link between the oral tradition and the rise of the novel? As against this hegemonic and unhistorical representation that considers the novel genre as a Western invention, and as opposed to the historical circumstances that gave birth to the novel, we consider that the key to understanding this phenomenon lies in the emergence of literacy and prose. Indeed, in all civilizations that developed fictional prose writing, it was systematically preceded, not by epics, but by historiography. Our PHD dissertation presents an alternative History of the novel, whose angle is intercultural and interdisciplinary, aiming at recreating a new chronology of the emergence of the novel as a an inevitable historical genre in world’s literature.

The thesis deals with the history and the interpretation of the development of sacral architecture during the first half of the twentieth century. It interprets the topic in a broad framework, which mentions the historical preconditions of this development and in the most important cases also its international relations. The introductional chapters list all up-to-date publications to the topic and suggest certain means of interpretation of sacral architecture which reflects the natural division of this topic between the disciplines of architectural theory and religion science. The own thesis begins with characteristics of social and religious situation in the Austria-Hungary and its consequences of sacral architectural development. It mentions basic examples of sacral buildings and the measure of their relation to the contemporary architectural development in general. Subsequently it mentions transformational influence of World War I and of declaration of souverain Czechoslovakia, which led to the emergence of new churches with their own architectural ambitions and also to the focus shifting of discipline to new contemporary topics. It follows the parallels with contemporary architectural trends of 1920's and the level of their use in the specific field of religious buildings also in relation to individual churches with their different architectural developments. Further it mentions sacral building development in 1930's with the emphasis in relation to the contemporary social atmosphere and in accent transformation between conservative and progressive religious approach. Than it follows with a review of religious culture transformation during World War II in Protectorate Czech Moravia and shows particularity of unnumerous examples of church buildings and projects from this era. The final part than reflects the evolution of the social role of religion after the War as well as an influence of communist coup in 1948 at potential of sacral architecture. It states the negative influence of both totalitarian regimes on the quality of sacral buildings of following period and on a poor measure of disciplines theoretical knowledge, which among others results in unsufficient primary sources, from which this thesis would likely have taken. Even when this thesis have not and cannot have an ambition of full exploration of the topic, it presents the factography and collecion of interpretations, by means of which the significant gap in the historiography of 20th century Czech sacral architecture can be at least partially bridged.

Cervantes' Don Quixote (1605, 1615) is one of the most significant works of European literature. In the 20th century, the two-part novel became one of the fundamental texts for literary and cultural theorists, on which they based their theoretical studies on writing, literature, and culture in general. But do external theoretical views agree with a specific literary history? The diploma thesis presents three selected interpretations of Don Quixote (by V. Shklovsky, M. Bakhtin, and M. Foucault), which are compared with the findings from Spanish studies and with the novel in the original. At the same time, the reading of theoretical works should not be primarily revisionist; the thesis has a comparative character, and the aim is to express the relation between external and internal views of Cervantes' novel.

[pt] A presente dissertação busca analisar três escritos do psicanalista austríaco Sigmund Freud que tratam da questão da religião e do seu papel civilizador: Totem e tabu (1913), O futuro de uma ilusão (1927) e Moisés e o monoteísmo (1939). Escritas após certa consolidação da psicanálise, cada uma dessas obras aborda questões diversas acerca do fenômeno religioso; não obstante, existe um claro diálogo entre elas. A partir da observação de que o desenvolvimento das ideias do autor a respeito da religião significou, também, uma complexificação de suas reflexões sobre a temática histórica, buscou-se evidenciar esse processo e relacioná-lo com conteúdos do campo da teoria da história. / [en] The present master s thesis seeks to analyze three writings of the Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud that deal with the issue of religion and its civilizing role: Totem and Taboo (1913), The Future of an Illusion (1927) and Moses and Monotheism (1939). Written after a moderate consolidation of psychoanalysis, each of these works addresses different questions about the religious phenomenon; nevertheless, there is a clear dialogue between them. Based on the observation that the development of the author s ideas about religion also meant a complexification of his reflections on the historical subject, we sought to highlight this process and to relate it to contents in the field of theory of history.

The thesis focuses on study of consumers media produced by the chain stores and their use by the target audience including the perspective of creative consumption theory. The creative consumption theory presumes an active role of a consumer in the process of consumption. It believes that the consumer can consciously influence the development and behaviour of the society in general only by their consumer behaviour. The practical part of the thesis is accompanied by a theoretical frame of consumption history and consumer's history and its role in today's consumer society. There is also a part dedicated to a brief introduction of the Czech retail market, selected retail chains and their customer media and customers' segmentation with respect to the creative consumption theory. The first quantitative analysis study shows how many inhabitants of one Prague's housing projects do not want to receive any advertising to their letter boxes and why they have actively labelled their letter box with a label asking for "NO advertising". The main research focuses on the use of customer media also in the light of the creative consumption theory. On the basis of a qualitative analysis I try to find answers to questions how readers of consumer media understand consumption, how they find media of retail chains, which...

Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde und Carl Schmitt zählen zu den bedeutendsten Staatsrechtlern ihrer Zeit. Eine Verbindung zwischen beiden Staatstheoretikern bestand in einer engen persönlichen Beziehung. Die vorliegende Abhandlung geht der Forschungsfrage nach, ob sich hieraus auch Berührungspunkte zwischen den Staatstheorien der beiden Staatsrechtler ableiten lassen und arbeitet mit diesem Ziel Analogien, aber auch notwendigerweise Diskrepanzen zwischen dem Denken des liberalen Staatsrechtlers Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde in Bezug auf den konservativen Staatstheoretiker Carl Schmitt heraus. Am Ende soll die Frage beantwortet werden, ob es möglich ist, die von Carl Schmitt in seinem Hauptwerk ‚Der Begriff des Politischen‘ niedergelegten Ideen vom Staate (teilweise) liberal zu rezipieren. / Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde and Carl Schmitt count among the most prominent experts for constitutional law within their eras. The two theoreticians were connected by an intensive personal relation. Thus, the research issue of the present thesis consists on the exploration of the possibility to also deduce interrelations between the theories on the state of both scientists. For this reason analogies but also necessarily discrepancies within the ways of thinking of the liberal expert for constitutional law Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde in comparison to the conservative state theoretician Carl Schmitt are elaborated. In conclusion, the question shall be answered, whether it is possible to receive the ideas on the state of Carl Schmitt outlined in his major oeuvre ‘The Notion of Politics’ (partly) in a liberal way.

Etude du statut de la croyance à travers les représentations mythiques et scientifiques des origines de l'univers. seront étudiés les mythologies issues de textes anciens qui nous sont parvenus (Théogonie d'Hésiode, Rg veda, etc aisni que les théories scientifiques les plus récentes. L'apport des neurosciences est ici déterminante et permet de mieux cerner le statut de la croyance. / Doctorat en Philosophie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of using graphic novel in German language teaching (teaching German as a foreign language). The main premise of this thesis is that graphic novel, as a multimodal medium and a phenomenon of current literature, has a wide potential for the German (and other foreign languages) classroom. The goal of the thesis is to design a didactic material respecting the specific qualities of graphic novel and drawing upon its potential. The first chapter serves as an introduction, exploring graphic novel as a medium, as a phenomenon of current literature and as a pedagogical tool. The term is defined and put into context. In the second chapter, the method of a review study is employed to explore how graphic novel is used in the foreign language classroom. The systematic review has shown that it is possible to use graphic novel as a tool for achieving the objectives of foreign language teaching and learning - the language aims (through vocabulary acquistition, reading skills development and creative writing) as well as the cognitive and formative aims (through the development of literacies, cultural and historical awareness, intercultural competence and citizienship). Moreover, graphic novel proved to be positive influence on motivation. The third chapter uses the...

Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde und Carl Schmitt zählen zu den bedeutendsten Staatsrechtlern ihrer Zeit. Eine Verbindung zwischen beiden Staatstheoretikern bestand in einer engen persönlichen Beziehung. Die vorliegende Abhandlung geht der Forschungsfrage nach, ob sich hieraus auch Berührungspunkte zwischen den Staatstheorien der beiden Staatsrechtler ableiten lassen und arbeitet mit diesem Ziel Analogien, aber auch notwendigerweise Diskrepanzen zwischen dem Denken des liberalen Staatsrechtlers Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde in Bezug auf den konservativen Staatstheoretiker Carl Schmitt heraus. Am Ende soll die Frage beantwortet werden, ob es möglich ist, die von Carl Schmitt in seinem Hauptwerk ‚Der Begriff des Politischen‘ niedergelegten Ideen vom Staate (teilweise) liberal zu rezipieren. / Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde and Carl Schmitt count among the most prominent experts for constitutional law within their eras. The two theoreticians were connected by an intensive personal relation. Thus, the research issue of the present thesis consists on the exploration of the possibility to also deduce interrelations between the theories on the state of both scientists. For this reason analogies but also necessarily discrepancies within the ways of thinking of the liberal expert for constitutional law Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde in comparison to the conservative state theoretician Carl Schmitt are elaborated. In conclusion, the question shall be answered, whether it is possible to receive the ideas on the state of Carl Schmitt outlined in his major oeuvre ‘The Notion of Politics’ (partly) in a liberal way.