The aim of the thesis is to design a compact housing with appropriate public services in the current barracks area in Černá Pole which is 16.97 ha large. The project respects existing buildings as it continues with a block structure of urban rental houses. The result is the area unification and creating a new local centre. The project strives for a functional urban development as it emphasizes the concept functionality, clarity and purity.

Notre propos est d’interroger la place qu’elle tient dans les imaginaires des projets urbains exprimée en particulier dans leur mise en récit, formulée par les outils du marketing urbain et du storytelling. Notre hypothèse principale est qu’il y a une dialectique entre imaginaires de la mobilité, individuels et collectifs dans les projets urbains ; dialectique qui accompagne l’émergence de nouvelles manières de se déplacer et l’abandon de modèles marqués entre autres par l’usage de l’automobile. La mise en récit innovante et le déploiement des imaginaires, sont saisis au travers d’une étude de cas, le mégaprojet Bordeaux Euratlantique, nouvelle étape de la transformation de la métropole bordelaise. Opération d’Intérêt National, conduite par une maîtrise d’ouvrage ad hoc, elle est un laboratoire expérimental qui préfigure la mobilité de demain et qui en reconfigure les imaginaires. S’y articulent l’idée de vitesse (hypermobilité, connexion, réseau) et de lenteur (proximité et recherche de sobriété énergétique), combinaison soutenue par les experts et une partie des habitants. Le projet révèle aussi des imaginaires individuels, progressivement sédimentés à partir des pratiques et des expériences de chacun, que nous qualifions sous la forme de quatre figures, « opportuniste », « optimisé », « smart », « vertueux » : elles incarnent les tendances contemporaines de la mobilité. Selon nous, l’imbrication de ces imaginaires offre un angle original d’appréhension de la fabrication urbaine en soulignant l’importance des représentations et des discours pour tracer le futur des villes. D’un point méthodologique, notre thèse mobilise une variété de méthodes qualitatives : entretiens collectifs, entretiens individuels, revues de presse, analyse documentaire, figurative et archivistique, observations directes des sites de projet ; participation aux réunions de concertation.Notre démonstration s’organise en trois parties. La première synthétise un état de l’art qui cadre notre thématique et affine nos choix analytiques. La lecture d’une littérature pluridisciplinaire associe sociologie, science politique, urbanisme, géographie et paysage, pour montrer la valeur du concept de projet urbain et de l’idée de mise en récit centrée sur le thème de la mobilité. Nous précisons notre grille d’analyse sur la base d’une discussion de la notion d’imaginaire. Dans la deuxième partie, nous analysons l’expérience bordelaise et le mégaprojet Euratlantique, porteur d’une approche renouvelée de la mobilité. Dans la troisième partie, nous confrontons imaginaires individuel et collectif en œuvre dans le projet urbain pour saisir la dynamique complexe du changement des imaginaires. Nous détaillons en annexes les dispositifs d’enquête, le corpus iconographique et nous situons les projets et opérations citées via des documents cartographiques. / The mobility of men and women is a major issue in the manufacturing of contemporary territories. Long linked to technical issues and to the efficiency of public and individual transport, it becomes the basis for a redefinition of social and spatial practices in a context of metropolisation and shared values on the protection of the environment. In local public policies and urban projects, the organization of mobility, technical systems and services is a key element in the national and international attractiveness of cities to populations and businesses. It is also the significant support for daily change in lifestyles and aspirations.Our purpose is to question the place it holds in the imaginations of urban projects expressed in their narrative, formulated by the tools of urban marketing and storytelling. Our main hypothesis is that there is a dialectic between the imaginary of mobility, individual and collective, in urban projects; dialectic that accompanies the emergence of new ways of moving and the abandonment of models marked among others using the automobile. The innovative narrativization and unfolding of imaginaries are captured through a case study, Bordeaux Euratlantique megaproject, a new stage in the transformation of the Bordeaux metropolis. Operation of National Interest, led by an ad hoc project management, is an experimental laboratory that foreshadows the mobility of tomorrow and reconfigures the imaginary. There is the idea of speed (hypermobility, connection, network) and slowness (proximity and search for energy sobriety), a combination supported by experts and some of the inhabitants. The project also reveals individual imaginaries, gradually sedimented by the practices and experiences of each, that we qualify in the form of four figures, "opportunistic", "optimized", "smart", "virtuous": they embody the tendencies contemporary mobility. In our opinion, the interweaving of these imaginaries offers an original angle of apprehension of urban manufacturing, emphasizing the importance of representations and discourses to chart the future of cities. From a methodological point of view, our thesis mobilizes a variety of qualitative methods: collective interviews, individual interviews, press reviews, documentary, figurative and archival analysis, direct observations of project sites; participation in consultation meetings.Our demonstration is organized in three parts. The first synthesizes a state of the art that frames our theme and refines our analytical choices. The reading of a multidisciplinary literature combines sociology, political science, urbanism, geography and landscape, to show the value of the concept of urban project and the idea of narrative centered on the theme of mobility. We specify our analysis grid based on a discussion of the notion of imaginary. In the second part, we analyze the Bordeaux experience and the Euratlantique megaproject, which brings a renewed approach to mobility. In the third part, we confront imaginary individual and collective work in the urban project to grasp the complex dynamic of the change of the imaginary. We detail in appendices the survey devices; the iconographic corpus and we situate projects and operations mentioned via cartographic documents.

Dans notre thèse, nous cherchons à identifier les moyens et les modalités qui permettent d'intégrer des dimensions urbanistiques dans l'élaboration d'un projet visant à mettre en valeur un ensemble urbain patrimonial. Elle a pour but d'éclairer les composantes d'une approche urbanistique de la conservation du patrimoine bâti. À partir de l'étude de neuf projets de valorisation patrimoniale situés le long du canal de Lachine, à Montréal, nous questionnons l'apport du discours actuel de la conservation à la revitalisation des milieux urbains anciens. Notre recherche repose sur l'hypothèse suivante : que l'arrimage entre le maintien de l'identité des lieux et la transformation de la ville passe avant tout par la diversité et la complémentarité des différentes vocations et usages des espaces de la ville. Le regard que nous posons sur les projets retenus a pour principal objectif d'identifier les éléments par lesquels ces derniers se situent dans une perspective de projet urbain. Constituée en réaction à une pratique urbanistique décontextualisée, cette notion s'appuie sur les travaux reliés à la question du patrimoine urbain, notamment ceux de Gustavo Giovannoni et de l'école italienne de typomorphologie. Puisque les projets étudiés misent sur une approche sectorielle de la transformation de l'ancien corridor industriel, ainsi que sur son unique arrimage à une échelle régionale de l'organisation du territoire, ceux-ci se différencient d'une perspective de projet urbain. Nous identifions en quoi ces projets s'éloignent d'une telle approche et comment le discours patrimonial ici développé empêche l'intégration du corridor du canal de Lachine aux dynamiques urbaines locales. / In this thesis we aim to determine how we can integrate urbanistic dimensions to the elaboration of a project which intends to preserve an old urban area. This thesis has for main objective to enlighten elements of an urbanistic perspective of heritage conservation. From the study of nine projects of heritage preservation located along the Lachine canal in Montreal, we question the contribution of the actual discourse on heritage conservation to the revitalization of old urban areas. Our research is based on the following hypothesis: that the integration of heritage conservation issues to the transformation of the city results from the diversity and the complementarity of the vocational activities and from the different uses of the urban spaces. The study of those projects is conducted in order to identify how they take place in an urban project's perspective. Constituted as a reaction to decontextualized urban planning practices, the notion of urban project is based on works related to the concept of urban heritage, specifically those of Gustavo Giovannoni and the Italian school of typomorphology. Because the projects that we have studied insist on a sectorial approach of the transformation of the old industrial corridor, and only on its integration to a regional scale of the organization of the territory, we can't consider that they take place in an urban project's perspective. We show how they differ from such an approach and how the discourse on heritage conservation developed in those projects forbids the integration of the Lachine canal corridor into local urban dynamics.

Si l’expression ville nouvelle n’est plus en vogue dans les discours relatifs aux politiques urbaines des pays occidentaux, c’est l’inverse dans le cas des pays à forte croissance économique et/ou de ceux dits du Sud. Depuis une vingtaine d’années, pour des raisons d’ordres divers les annonces de projets de « villes nouvelles » y sont légions. Dans cette profusion, l’Algérie et le Maroc ne font pas exception. Au milieu des années 2000, le ministère marocain en charge de l’urbanisme et de l’habitat annonce la mise en oeuvre d’un programme de « villes nouvelles » comptant une quinzaine de projets parmi lesquels celui dénommé Tamansourt, situé dans la périphérie de Marrakech. En Algérie, dès 1987, le Schéma national d’aménagement du territoire préconise la création de villes nouvelles dans les régions des Hauts Plateaux et du Sud. Parallèlement, des « villes nouvelles », d’émanation locale sont lancées, c’est le cas d’Ali Mendjeli, proche de Constantine. Partant du postulat que le concept de ville nouvelle est dépassé, nous interrogeons les causesqui incitent l’action publique algérienne et marocaine à tout de même s’en saisir. Pourquoi les pouvoirs publics persistent à faire usage de ce type de politique d’aménagement ? Cette première question en entraîne deux autres, complémentaires : Comment ces politiques sont-elles conduites et quels sont leurs effets territoriaux ? Selon notre première hypothèse, lesefficacités performative et iconique de cette représentation intellectuelle, d’avantage que celle opérationnelle, ont orienté ces options. Notre deuxième hypothèse est qu’il n’y a pas eu de capitalisation des expériences étrangères dans la perspective d’une redéfinition ou d’adaptation du concept. Les modalités d’agir étudiées ne relèvent ni de la planificationurbaine, ni de l’urbanisme de projet, cette affirmation constitue notre troisième hypothèse. Notre quatrième hypothèse est que ces actions sont des vecteurs plus ou moins puissants de reterritorialisation des périphéries de Constantine et Marrakech. Il s’agira de vérifier si l’émergence de centralités et/ou de marges urbaines nouvelles y est observable. Nous voulons vérifier l’idée de l’existence d’un fort décalage entre la « ville nouvelle » idéelle, celle du porteur de projet, et la « ville nouvelle » vécue, c'est-à-dire celle des habitants du quotidien. / If the expression new town is no longer in vogue in the discourse on urban policies of western countries, the reverse is true in the case of countries with strong economic growth and/or those called South countries. For twenty years, for reasons of various orders ads projects "new towns" are legion. In this profusion, Algeria and Morocco are no exception. In the mid-2000s, the moroccan ministry for town planning and housing announced the implementation of a program of "new towns" cash fifteen projects including one called Tamansourt, located in the outskirts of Marrakech. In Algeria, in 1987, the National planning scheme recommends the creation of new towns in the Hauts Plateaux and South. Meanwhile, "new towns", local emanation are launched, that is the case of Ali Mendjeli, near Constantine. Starting from the premise that the concept of new town " exceeded ˮ, we question the reasons prompting the algerian and moroccan public action to still be seized . Why do governments continue to use this type of development policy? This first question leads to two other complementary policies: how are they conducted and what are their territorial effects ? According to our first hypothesis , the performative and iconic efficiencies that intellectual representation, over their feasibility that have guided these options. Our second hypothesis is that there was no capitalization of foreign experiences in the context of redefining and adapting the concept. Studied acting arrangements do not fall under the urban planning or urban planning project , this statement is our third hypothesis. Our fourth hypothesis is that these actions are vectors more or less powerful reterritorialisation the outskirts of Constantine and Marrakech. It will check whether the emergence of centralities and/or new urban marginsis observable. We want to verify the idea of the existence of a wide gap between the "new town" ideational , that the project leader, and the "new town" lived , that is to say that the inhabitants of daily life.

Esta tese discute a operação urbana consorciada como instrumento de parceria entre o poder público e o setor privado para a promoção de projetos urbanos. O trabalho parte da hipótese de que a viabilização de intervenções urbanísticas por meio do instrumento estaria limitada à aplicação parcial da legislação e não à consecução de parcerias efetivas. Em 2001, a regulamentação nacional da operação urbana consorciada pelo Estatuto da Cidade trouxe inovações importantes no sentido de recuperar a essência do instrumento que aparentemente não foram assimiladas de forma equivalente. Esta tese avança na elucidação do instrumento, recuperando e enfatizando sua dupla dimensão projeto e gestão e apontando para um modelo que não negligencie o aspecto físico-urbanístico ao valorizar o apelo econômico-financeiro do instrumento. / This thesis discusses the consortiated urban operation as an urban planning tool of partnership between the public and the private sectors to promote urban projects. The work is based on the hypothesis that the viability of urban interventions through this planning tool would be limited to partial implementation of legislation and would not achieve effective partnerships. In 2001, the national regulation of the consortiated urban operation by the City Statute has brought major innovations in order to recover the essence of the instrument that seems not to have been understood equivalently. This thesis advances in the elucidation of the tool, recovering and valuing its dual dimension - project and management - and pointing to a model that does not neglect the physical urban aspect by overestimating the economic-financial appeal of the tool.

A pesquisa foi conduzida pela hipótese geral de que os sistemas de mobilidade são potentes organizadores da estrutura e espacialidade urbanas e que, portanto, seus projetos devem incorporar como premissas básicas as relações em diversas escalas que estabelecem com seu entorno. Um amplo conjunto de experiências exemplares foi organizado em blocos crítico-analíticos no intuito de apontar as principais questões de projeto presentes nessas obras. As ações planejadas a curto e médio prazo na cidade de São Paulo relacionadas à mobilidade urbana configuram uma grande oportunidade de reorganização de seu território. O impacto urbano predominantemente negativo que intervenções anteriores apresentaram impõe a necessidade de formulação de uma nova cultura de projeto capaz de aproveitar essas oportunidades. Nesse sentido, a tese busca demonstrar que a arquitetura e o urbanismo constituem o campo disciplinar mais relevante para a condução desses projetos. / The research was conducted by the general hypothesis that the mobility systems are powerful organizers of the urban structure and spatiality and, therefore, their designs must incorporate as basic premises the relations in different scales they establish with their surroundings. A wide range of exemplary experiences was organized in critical and analytical blocks in order to point out the major design issues faced in these projects. The actions planned in the short and medium term in São Paulo related to urban mobility constitute a great opportunity for the city to reorganize its territory. The predominantly negative urban impact that previous interventions have shown imposes the need to formulate a new design culture capable of fully profit from these opportunities. In this sense, the thesis seeks to demonstrate that architecture and urban planning are the most decisive disciplinary fields for the conduction of these interventions.

A pesquisa foi conduzida pela hipótese geral de que os sistemas de mobilidade são potentes organizadores da estrutura e espacialidade urbanas e que, portanto, seus projetos devem incorporar como premissas básicas as relações em diversas escalas que estabelecem com seu entorno. Um amplo conjunto de experiências exemplares foi organizado em blocos crítico-analíticos no intuito de apontar as principais questões de projeto presentes nessas obras. As ações planejadas a curto e médio prazo na cidade de São Paulo relacionadas à mobilidade urbana configuram uma grande oportunidade de reorganização de seu território. O impacto urbano predominantemente negativo que intervenções anteriores apresentaram impõe a necessidade de formulação de uma nova cultura de projeto capaz de aproveitar essas oportunidades. Nesse sentido, a tese busca demonstrar que a arquitetura e o urbanismo constituem o campo disciplinar mais relevante para a condução desses projetos. / The research was conducted by the general hypothesis that the mobility systems are powerful organizers of the urban structure and spatiality and, therefore, their designs must incorporate as basic premises the relations in different scales they establish with their surroundings. A wide range of exemplary experiences was organized in critical and analytical blocks in order to point out the major design issues faced in these projects. The actions planned in the short and medium term in São Paulo related to urban mobility constitute a great opportunity for the city to reorganize its territory. The predominantly negative urban impact that previous interventions have shown imposes the need to formulate a new design culture capable of fully profit from these opportunities. In this sense, the thesis seeks to demonstrate that architecture and urban planning are the most decisive disciplinary fields for the conduction of these interventions.

Esta tese discute a operação urbana consorciada como instrumento de parceria entre o poder público e o setor privado para a promoção de projetos urbanos. O trabalho parte da hipótese de que a viabilização de intervenções urbanísticas por meio do instrumento estaria limitada à aplicação parcial da legislação e não à consecução de parcerias efetivas. Em 2001, a regulamentação nacional da operação urbana consorciada pelo Estatuto da Cidade trouxe inovações importantes no sentido de recuperar a essência do instrumento que aparentemente não foram assimiladas de forma equivalente. Esta tese avança na elucidação do instrumento, recuperando e enfatizando sua dupla dimensão projeto e gestão e apontando para um modelo que não negligencie o aspecto físico-urbanístico ao valorizar o apelo econômico-financeiro do instrumento. / This thesis discusses the consortiated urban operation as an urban planning tool of partnership between the public and the private sectors to promote urban projects. The work is based on the hypothesis that the viability of urban interventions through this planning tool would be limited to partial implementation of legislation and would not achieve effective partnerships. In 2001, the national regulation of the consortiated urban operation by the City Statute has brought major innovations in order to recover the essence of the instrument that seems not to have been understood equivalently. This thesis advances in the elucidation of the tool, recovering and valuing its dual dimension - project and management - and pointing to a model that does not neglect the physical urban aspect by overestimating the economic-financial appeal of the tool.

This thesis concentrates on urban regeneration as a strategy of urban transformation in general and in the context of post-communist countries in particular. The spatial transformations in cities resulted by the urban renewal and regeneration processes are currently under discussion in Albania. The present research is based on three pillars: a review of the urban transformation, renewal and regeneration in the West and in post-socialist cities in particular / exploring the historical formation and transformation of the Tirana city centre / and finally the regeneration of the city centre through a series of international competitions as a completely new model introduced by the municipality. The thesis focuses particularly on the international competition organized to obtain the master plan for the regeneration of the Tirana city centre / it compares the main concepts, ideas and features of the three shortlisted entries: Those of Architecture Studio, Mecanoo Arkitekten and Boles and Wilson. The winning master plan is evaluated with regard to the objectives of the regeneration, its integration with the existing built environment and open spaces, as well as the process of implementation. Within this framework, the thesis aims to study and evaluate this process to direct the urban development through a master plan competition completed by a series of urban design and architectural competitions. The process of regeneration of the centre of Tirana illustrates that despite the increased capacity of the citizens in Albania in participating in the decision making of the government, the public participation in the planning process was a difficult task despite the efforts of the Municipality. Yet, the enthusiasm that the new vision of Tirana brings is considerable.

Ce travail de recherche s’inscrit dans un courant critique de l’accélération urbaine. Nous avons tout d’abord montré l’émergence dans le contexte de concurrence internationale des villes, l’émergence d’une « métropole accélérative » en prenant exemple sur le cas de Bordeaux. Cette forme urbaine de la modernité tardive se caractérise par un double phénomène : une accélération sociale dans ses usages et modes de vie ainsi qu’une accélération spatiale qui contribue à mettre sous pression son développement urbain, par l’ampleur, la rapidité et la simultanéité des projets à l’œuvre. Nous nous sommes ensuite particulièrement intéressés aux mécanismes de production de cette « métropole accélérative » en étudiant un grand projet d’aménagement bordelais : l’opération des Bassins à flot. Ce projet réalisé dans un dispositif dit « négocié » se présente comme plus réactif, itératif et adaptable afin de produire plus rapidement la ville qu’en utilisant des méthodes plus « classiques » qui s’appuient sur une forte hiérarchisation du système d’acteurs. L’analyse des articulations entre temporalités des acteurs et temporalités des outils révèle dans la suite de ce travail des reconfigurations importantes liées à la vitesse de production. La méthode itérative mise en place est comprimée par le contexte de l’accélération et les acteurs du projet n’ont pas le temps nécessaire pour faire circuler les éléments d’informations et de décisions entre eux. Nous assistons alors à des re-hiérarchisations temporaires du système d’acteurs en fonction des phases du projet. Une typologie originale peut être dégagée, avec au centre de ces dispositifs reconfigurés les acteurs métronomes, ceux qui dictent le tempo du projet ; les acteurs dans le temps s’accordent aux rythmes du projet ; les acteurs à contre temps évoluent par rattrapage et les acteurs désynchronisés deviennent observateurs des transformations urbaines. L’accélération se présente alors comme un phénomène urbain à réguler pour assurer une fabrication durable de la ville autour de rythmes de production partagés. / This research is part of a critical study of urban acceleration. Based on the Bordeaux case, we first noticed the emergence, in an international competition context affecting cities, of an “accelerating city”. This urban form of late modernity is caracterised by both a social acceleration in its uses and ways of life and a spatial acceleration that leads to its urban development – by the size, speed and simultaneity of on-going projects. Then, we looked at the mechanisms of production in this “accelerating city” by studing a large planning project in Bordeaux, the Bassins à flot operation. This project, produced through a “negociated” plan, seems more reactive, repetitive and adaptable in order produce the city in a more rapid way than using “classic” technics and based on a strong hierarchy of staheholders. Anylising the links between stakeholders and temporalities tools shows that important reconfigurations of the production speed. The repetitive technic is compressed by this accelerative context ; project stakeholders do not have enough time to exchange and decide among themselves. Therefore, we can observe new and temporary hierarchisations of the stakeholders system, depending on the different steps of the project. An original typology can be settled : leader stakeholders can decide the rhythm of the project ; out of phase stakeholders become the observers of urban transformations. The acceleration is finally an urban phenomenom that needs to be control to look forward a sustainable urban fabric, based on shared production rhythm.