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This study develops and conducts a 15-month, high resolution 24/7 user counting exercise on an area of urban-fringe moorland. The results of this study are discussed and used to predict future land use. The results of this study are compared with results from lower resolution user counts in other wilderness areas. This study was conceived to address a gap in data around recreational moorland use and provide 24/7 data on user numbers in order to develop models to attempt to predict use of urban-fringe moorland from time and weather variables. The data collection strategies utilised were manual counts by an observer, supplemented by Arduino micro-computers and passive infrared sensors. These sensors were designed and developed specifically for the purpose of remote high resolution counting of visitors at low cost, producing reliable 24/7 data for 15-months. Time and synchronous local weather variables at 30 minute, 1 hour, 3 hour and 6 hour resolution were compared with 30 minute moorland user data to assess how these factors affected counts. The study found that the strongest variable affecting visitor counts was daylight. User counts were highest in summer, at weekends and during afternoons. Surprisingly, very little change in user counts was detected during school, bank or religious holidays. Generally, there are trends toward using the moor when temperature is higher and humidity lower. Cloud, visibility, wind chill, wind speed and wind direction had no influence on user counts. User counts, time and weather information were modelled using two approaches: (1) weighting factors and (2) multiple regression. The best model was able to explain 52% of variation in use. The predictive capability of the model increased to 58% during summer and on weekends. Data suggest that there are two groups of users on the moor. A group that have become acclimatised to the prevailing weather conditions and use the area regardless of the weather, this first group will use the moor regularly throughout the week. The second user group is more likely to use the moor during the weekend. These users are more influenced by time and weather factors. An important social discovery was made through anecdotal observation and discussion indicating that the urban fringe moorland is utilised by users beyond the expected dog walkers, hikers and cyclists.

Physical activity (PA) and reducing the time spent sedentary can favourably impact the health and wellbeing of preschool aged children. Despite the importance of regular P A, objective monitoring studies suggest that young children do not accumulate enough P A to benefit their health. Furthermore, relatively few interventions to promote PA in children under 5 have been rigorously evaluated and intervention studies to date have generated mixed results. The aims of this thesis were to a) assess within-day variability of objectively measured moderate-to- vigorous physical activity (MVP A) during weekdays and weekend days among preschool children; b) investigate the effect of a curricular Active Play intervention on children's sedentary and P A behaviours; and, c) investigate the effect of a family focused Active Play intervention on children's weekday and weekend day sedentary time and total P A. Study 1 Background: Identifying periods of the day which are susceptible to varying levels of P A may help identify key times to intervene and potentially change preschool children's PA behaviours. This study assessed variability of objectively measured MVP A during weekdays and weekend days among preschool children. Method: One hundred and eighty-eight children (aged 3-5 years; 53.2% boys) from a northwest English city wore uni-axial accelerometers for 7 consecutive days. Results: Higher levels of MVP A were recorded in boys, particularly those who attended preschool for a half day. Children who attended preschool for a full day engaged in 11.1 minutes less MVPA than children who attended for a half day. After-school hours were characterised by a decrease in activity for all groups. Patterns of activity during the weekend were smoother with less variability. Conclusion: This study identified discrete segments of the week, specifically afterschool and during the weekend, when preschoolers engage in low levels of PA. Higher levels of MVPA among children who attended preschool for less time each day suggests that the structured preschool environment is related to decreased activity. Consequently, there is a need for interventions in young children to focus on school and home environments. - Study 2 Background: Early childhood is a critical time for the promotion of healthy lifestyle behaviours such as physical activity. Cross-sectional studies suggest that preschool children are not sufficiently active to benefit their health. Few studies have investigated the effect of interventions on physical activity levels and time spent being sedentary in this population. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a school-based active play intervention on preschool children's physical activity and sedentary time. Method: Two hundred and forty children were recruited from 12 randomly selected preschools in the North West of England. Six schools were randomly assigned to either an intervention (n=6) or a current practice comparison group (n=6). One teacher in each intervention school received training in the delivery of a 6-week active play programme including active play resources. The training programme was delivered by experienced active play professionals. Comparison schools received the active play resources (but not the training) and were asked to deliver their usual active play provision. Children wore a uni-axial accelerometer for 7 days at baseline, post-test and at 6 months follow up. Whole week sedentary time and physical activity adjusted for pupil- and school- level covariates were analysed using multilevel analyses. Results: No significant intervention effects were observed for sedentary time or physical activity. Sex and hours spent at school were significant predictors of physical activity in this age group, with boys engaging in less sedentary time and more light intensity activity than girls. Children who spent fewer hours at school were significantly more active than those who spent more time at school. BMI, maternal education, child's ethnicity and accelerometer wear time were not associated with activity levels. Conclusion: Physical activity during intervention classes was high. However the six teacher training intervention sessions did not increase physical activity or decrease sedentary time over a week. Specific covariates were identified as having a significant effect on the outcome measures. Moreover, children who spend more time at pre-school were less active suggesting that this setting was not as conducive to physical activity engagement as other environments. Study 3 Background: Early childhood provides a window of opportunity for the promotion of physical activity. Given the limited effectiveness of interventions to date, new approaches are needed. Socio-ecological models suggest that involving parents as intervention targets may be effective in fostering healthier lifestyles in children. This study describes the effectiveness of a family-focused' Active Play' intervention in decreasing sedentary time and increasing total physical activity in preschool children. Method: Seventy-seven families were recruited from 8 randomly selected SureStart children's centres in the North West of England. Centres were randomly assigned to either an intervention (n=4) or a comparison group (n=4). Parents and children in the - intervention group received a IOeweek active play programme delivered by trained active play professionals; this included an activity and educational component. Families in the comparison group were asked to maintain their usual routine. Each participating parent and child wore a uni-axial accelerometer for 7 days at baseline and post-test. Week and weekend day sedentary time and total physical activity adjusted for child- and home- level covariates were analysed using multilevel analyses. Results: Significant intervention effects were observed for sedentary time and physical activity for both week and weekend days. Children in the intervention group engaged in 1.5% and 4.3% less sedentary time during week and weekend days, respectively and 4.5% and 13.1 % more physical activity during week and weekend days, respectively than children in the comparison group. Parent's participation in sport and their physical activity levels, child's sex, availability of media in the home and attendance at organised activities were significant predictors of sedentary time and physical activity in this age group. Conclusion: A 10-week family focused active play intervention produced positive changes in sedentary time and total physical activity levels in preschool children. Specific covariates were identified as having a significant effect on the outcome measures. Moreover, children whose parents were active engaged in less sedentary time and more physical activity suggesting that parent's activity habits are mediators of physical activity engagement in this age group.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:36:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santiago_drp_me_rcla.pdf: 384847 bytes, checksum: 969830ba8bf245343429a85ef13e1deb (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esse estudo, de natureza qualitativa, teve como objetivo investigar as ressonâncias da inclusão digital por internet Wi-Fi, na configuração do estilo do lazer de usuários. O estudo foi desenvolvido em duas etapas, sendo a primeira, uma revisão de literatura acerca das temáticas envolvidas, associada a uma pesquisa exploratória, utilizando-se como instrumento para a coleta de dados um questionário misto, aplicado a uma amostra intencional composta por moradores de Sud Mennuci, SP, de ambos os sexos, com idades e perfil socioeconômico variados, os quais estavam cadastrados na prefeitura da cidade para terem o acesso Wi-Fi gratuito. Os dados coletados foram analisados descritivamente, por meio da utilização da técnica de análise de conteúdo temático, evidenciando que 65% dos sujeitos nunca tiveram o acesso à internet antes de a prefeitura disponibilizar o Wi-Fi gratuito, 50% acessavam a internet uma vez ao dia e 90% a considera uma opção de lazer, 42,5% ficam mais de três horas por dia conectados. Para 72,5% ocorreram mudanças no estilo de vida ou no lazer, depois do acesso Wi-Fi gratuito, 55% dos usuários não formaram outras redes de relacionamento, 65% dos sujeitos não enfrentam dificuldades em navegar e para 60% não existe aspectos negativo com o uso da internet Wi-Fi. Dentre os usuários, 75% não sentiram dificuldades para adquirir os equipamentos necessários para ter o acesso gratuito à internet. Dos sujeitos, 95% sugerem melhorias na internet Wi-Fi gratuita, sendo elas focadas principalmente no aumento da velocidade e em um sinal de maior abrangência e que o governo facilite a aquisição de computadores e equipamentos necessários. A cidade de Sud Mennucci transformou-se com o Wi-Fi gratuito, em que a internet passou a fazer parte da vida das pessoas, incrementando as novas fontes de informações e apontando para novos dimensionamentos, inclusive, no que concerne às vivências no campo do lazer. / This qualitative study, aimed to investigate the echoes of digital inclusion by Internet Wi-Fi, in setting the leisure style of users. The study was conducted in two stages, being the first, a literature review, and the second a survey using a questionnaire as a tool for data collection, applied to an intended sample consisting of citizens from Sud Mennuci, SP, Brazil, from both genders, different ages and socioeconomic profile, which were registered at City Hall to have free Wi-Fi connection. Data collected were analyzed in a descriptive way, through the use of the Analysis of Thematic Content, showing that 65% of the participants have never had access to the Internet before the city government provides the free Wi-Fi. 50% accessed the Internet once a day and 90% have considered an option for leisure. 42.5% get more than three hours a day connected. 72.5% perceived changes in their lifestyle or in the leisure time that occurred after the free Wi-Fi connection. 55% of users haven’t created other network relationships. 65% of the subjects haven’t faced difficulties in access and for 60% there are no negative points in using Internet WiFi. Among users, 75% felt no difficulties to acquire the equipment necessary to have free Internet access. 95% of the participants suggested improvements in Internet Wi-Fi free, focusing mainly in the increasing of the connection speed and in a greater sign covering and that the government provides the purchase of computers and equipment needed. Sud Mennucci city have transformed itself with free Wi-Fi, in which Internet has become part of people's lives, increasing the access of different information sources and pointing to new dimensions, regarding leisure experiences.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:57:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4819.pdf: 7827407 bytes, checksum: cdbddf2de7d3c5f4eb0385533005254f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-15 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The importance of Urban Agriculture (UA) has been increasingly recognized in recent years. It emerges as an important survival strategy, especially for the poorest population who can consume and sell the food produced. It also has other advantages such as occupation of empty spaces, maintenance of green areas and the producers' increase of their self-esteem. But the practice also has certain barriers that require care, as the misuse of pesticides, the possibility of food contamination by water or land, theft of crops and other risks. The municipality of Rio Claro (SP), the object of the present study, is an example of a city that has several types of UA initiatives, however there is still no specific legislation directed to the sector. Thus, we sought to conduct an analysis of these urban gardens in the city considering the optical output and public policies. The field research included observations and interviews, using semistructured questionnaire applied to farmers responsible for the gardens. From the analysis of the results it's noted that the gardens in Rio Claro are still few, occupying a small area. Despite the difficulties, the UA provided, in general, an improvement in the respondents' quality of life. Moreover, the practice of UA has great potential for expansion and could be better exploited in the city. Thus some actions are required by the municipality to encourage urban agriculture in the city, extending its benefits and reducing its drawbacks. / A importância da Agricultura Urbana (AU) vem sendo cada vez mais reconhecida nos últimos anos. Ela surge como uma importante estratégia de sobrevivência, principalmente para a população mais pobre que pode consumir e vender o alimento produzido. Além disso, possui outras vantagens como ocupação de espaços ociosos, manutenção de áreas verdes e aumento da autoestima dos produtores. Entretanto, a prática também tem certos entraves que exigem cuidados, como o uso indevido de agrotóxicos, possibilidade de contaminação dos alimentos através da água ou do solo, roubo dos cultivos, entre outros riscos. O município de Rio Claro (SP), objeto de estudo deste trabalho possui diversas iniciativas de AU. Contudo ainda não existe legislação específica voltada ao setor. Desta forma, buscou-se a realização de uma análise de hortas urbanas presentes no município, considerando as óticas da produção e as políticas públicas. A pesquisa de campo contemplou observações e entrevistas, utilizando questionário semiestruturado aplicado aos agricultores responsáveis pelas hortas. A partir da análise dos resultados, nota-se que as hortas existentes em Rio Claro são ainda de reduzido número, ocupando uma pequena área do município. Apesar das dificuldades, a AU proporcionou, de maneira geral, uma melhora na qualidade de vida dos entrevistados. Além disso, a prática da AU tem grande potencial de expansão e poderia ser melhor explorada no município. Desta forma, são necessárias algumas ações por parte da prefeitura a fim de incentivar a agricultura urbana na cidade, ampliando seus benefícios e reduzindo suas desvantagens.

A presente investigação utiliza como método a Dialética-histórico-estrutural para analisar a apreensão teórica das práticas de hospitalidade. O estudo de caso escolhido é a cidade de Caxias do Sul -RS, incluindo a sua transformação históricosocial recorrente às mudanças na sociedade caxiense e, como recorte de análise, utiliza-se a Festa da Uva. A hospitalidade é muitas vezes sinônimo de gestão hoteleira e de atendimento com qualidade no setor turístico, limitando, esse contexto, a compreensão da complexidade estabelecida no tempo de encontro entre visitantes e visitados, como um processo de ênfase voltada a um saber-fazer humano. A hospitalidade é mais subjetiva e valoriza o sujeito nas relações. Ela pode ser vivenciada, mas dificilmente treinada, pode proporcionar o acolhimento e o convívio entre os seres humanos. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-14T19:40:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Renata S Plentz.pdf: 1269824 bytes, checksum: 114a6f32aaf58bac1641d8cd9c906c95 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-14T19:40:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Renata S Plentz.pdf: 1269824 bytes, checksum: 114a6f32aaf58bac1641d8cd9c906c95 (MD5) / Theoretical apprehension of hospitality practices has minimized the way hospitality is treated. It has become a synonym for hotel management and quality service in the tourism sector. Consequently, these actions have limited the understanding of the complexity established during the time hosts and guests interact to an emphasis process focused on a human know-how. This research project investigates the hospitality conception in the city of Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil, including its historic social transformation originated from changes in the city's society. The Grape's Festival is used as cross section for analisys.

Orientador: Gisele Maria Schwartz / Banca: Maria Regina Simões / Banca: Sebastião Gobbi / Resumo: Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa, tem como objetivo, analisar a participação e as emoções de indivíduos idosos em atividades de aventura na natureza, identificando o significado dessas vivências para esta população, os parâmetros relacionados aos motivos de aderência, as relações de valores referentes a essas experiências na vida dos idosos e as principais dificuldades encontradas nessas práticas. O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas, a primeira relacionada a uma revisão de literatura a respeito das temáticas propostas e a segunda, a uma pesquisa exploratória, utilizando-se como instrumento uma entrevista estruturada. A amostra intencional do estudo foi formada por 15 indivíduos idosos, com faixa etária acima de 60 anos, de ambos os sexos, praticantes regulares dessas atividades, oferecidas por empresas de ecoturismo, da cidade de Brotas/SP. Os dados coletados foram analisados descritivamente, por meio da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Temático e indicam que, nos motivos de aderência, a família e amigos foram os responsáveis por levarem essas pessoas a praticarem essas atividades, seguidos da curiosidade em conhecê-las e do fato de estarem em contato com a natureza. Também foi mencionada a busca de novas experiências e a necessidade de fazer uma atividade física. Referente ao indicador sobre valores, tanto o significado como as modificações na vida dos idosos, foram altamente positivos, não só na mudança de atitudes e auto-estima, como na auto-percepção. Já as emoções sentidas antes da vivência foram ligeiramente negativas, decorrentes da expectativa e da ansiedade. As emoções durante e após foram semelhantes e positivas. Em relação às dificuldades encontradas pelos idosos para essas práticas, o deslocamento para as cidades que as oferecem, o alto custo das mesmas e alguns equipamentos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study, of a qualitative nature, aimed to analyze the participation and the emotions of elderly in adventure activities in nature, by identifying the meaning of these experiences, the values related to these experiences in the life of the elderly, and the main difficulties found in these practices. The study was carried out in two phases, being the first one related to a literature revision regarding the thematic proposals and the second referring to an exploratory research, using a structured interview as an instrument for collection of the data. The sample of the study comprised 15 aged individuals, with age above of 60 years, of both sexes. They were selected intentionally, based on previous experience, offered by eco tourism companies, of Brotas/SP. Data were descriptively analyzed, by Content Analysis and indicate that referring to adherence family and friends were responsible for introducing them into these activities, followed by the curiosity to know them and the fact of being in contact with nature. Referring to values, the meaning such as the changes of the elderly were positive, even in attitudes, self-steam and awareness. Regarding to emotions before the activities they were slightly negative, derived from expectation and anxiety. Emotions during and after the activities were similar and positive. In relation to difficulties, the displacement to the cities that offer this activities, the increasing cost of them and of the equipment, together with the lack of information and of adapted activities, the prejudice regarding the elderly and the fear were mentioned by the elderly. Based on these data it becomes a challenge to amplify awareness and insertion of the elderly in regular... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below) / Mestre

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta Tese de Doutorado foi elaborada com a pretensão de contribuir para as reflexões políticas acerca do lazer e dos esportes. A compreensão que há confusões conceituais entre eles e a convicção de que suas características favorecem o uso ideológico dessas práticas foram determinantes para o aprofundamento destes estudos. Nosso entendimento é que essas atividades se legitimam como direitos sociais e, como tal, deveriam ser contempladas no conjunto das Políticas Públicas sejam em nível federal, estadual ou municipal. Entretanto, aqui se revelam as contradições que subsidiam as análises centrais dessa Tese. É fato que o lazer e os esportes estiveram presentes nos programas das políticas sociais de diferentes governos brasileiros em distintas épocas, entretanto, o protagonismo atribuído a eles está marcado pela ideologização de suas propostas de ação. Essa hipótese pôde ser comprovada na recuperação histórica que fizemos neste trabalho. O objetivo principal da pesquisa era a análise das Políticas Públicas de Esportes e Lazer implementadas pela Era Vargas e Governo Lula para estabelecer comparações entre eles e, por esse motivo nos dedicamos a esses dois períodos históricos, emblemáticos e permeados de contradições políticas e sociais. Inquietava-nos a percepção de que, dois governos ideologicamente distintos fizessem uso dos mesmos instrumentos no diálogo com a classe trabalhadora. A contextualização dos governos dos dois líderes demarcou a analogia entre eles na utilização dos preceitos desenvolvimentistas, nacionalistas e populistas. Ainda que essas aproximações em níveis mais gerais tenham apontado coincidências relevantes, a principal constatação de nossa Tese foi a similaridade no uso ideológico do lazer e dos esportes, o que comprovou nossas intuições iniciais. Enquanto Getúlio Vargas associou as concessões de direitos trabalhistas aos programas de Recreação Operária e ao estímulo do ufanismo nacional articulado com a seleção brasileira de futebol, Lula adotou o assistencialismo explícito, incentivou a espetacularização dos esportes de rendimento e proporcionou a realização histórica dos Megaeventos Esportivos em série, no Brasil. Na Era Vargas foi possível constatar o lazer contribuindo para a domesticação dos corpos, os esportes para estabelecer uma relação harmoniosa entre dominantes e dominados e o futebol para a divulgação do regime interna e externamente. Já no Governo Lula, percebemos a retração das políticas sociais nas questões do lazer; os programas de esportes, predominantemente voltados para a descoberta de talentos e a priorização do espetáculo esportivo. A análise que fizemos não deixa dúvidas que os princípios liberais de fortalecimento do capital e aumento dos lucros, norteadores da política econômica mundial e balizadores da política macro do Governo Lula, se refletiram na definição de suas Políticas Públicas de Esportes e Lazer, que em nosso entendimento se resumiram na realização dos Megaeventos Esportivos. / This Thesis has been developed to contribute to the political reflections about the leisure and sports. The understanding that there is conceptual confusion between them and the conviction that their ideological characteristics favor the use of these practices were instrumental in deepening these studies. Our understanding is that these activities are legitimated as social rights and, as such, should be included in the set of public policies are at the federal, state and municipal.However, here we reveal the contradictions that support the analysis of this central thesis. It is a fact that leisure and sports attended the programs of social policies from different Brazilian governments at different times, but, the role assigned to them is marked by the ideology of its proposed actions. This hypothesis could be proven in historical recovery that did this work.The main objective of the research was the analysis of Public Policy Sports and Leisure implemented by "Era Vargas" and Government Lula to establish comparisons between them and for this reason we are dedicated to these two historical periods, symbolic and permeated with political and social contradictions. Worred us the perception that two ideologically distinct governments do use the same instruments in dialogue with the working class.The contextualization of the governments of the two leaders staked out the analogy between them in the use of precepts developmentalist nationalists and populists. Although these approaches in more general levels have pointed coincidences relevant, the main finding of our thesis was the similarity in ideological use of leisure and sports, which confirmed our initial intuitions.While Vargas associate the concessions to labor rights programs Recreation Worker and the stimulation of national euphoria articulated with the Brazilian soccer team, Lula adopted explicit welfare, encouraged the spectacle of sports performance and provided the historical realization of Megaevents in Sports series in Brazil. In "Era Vargas" it was established leisure contributing to the domestication of bodies, sports to establish a harmonious relationship between rulers and ruled and football for the dissemination of the regime internally and externally. In the Lula government, realize the retraction of social policies on issues of leisure, sports programs, predominantly aimed at discovering talents and prioritization of sporting spectacle.We have analyzed leaves no doubt that the principles liberal of capital strengthening and increased profits, guiding the global economic policy and guide for the macro policy of the Lula government, were reflected in the definition of its Public Policy for Sports and Recreation, which in our understanding is summarized in implementation of Megaevents Sports