En la actualidad, la pandemia del Covid-19 ha sido un acelerador para la transformación digital en el Perú. Más aún desde la perspectiva empresarial, debido a que todo tipo de organización, desde una corporación hasta una pequeña empresa, se ha visto en la necesidad de enfocar sus estrategias al plano digital, entre ellas incorporar tecnología informática y comunicación a sus productos y/o servicios. No solo con la finalidad de reducir costos sino también, con el objetivo de mantener a sus clientes y atraer a nuevos, ya que el perfil del consumidor final está cambiando. A raíz del crecimiento de la tecnología, ha dado pie a nuevos términos como la economía colaborativa, la cual tiene como principal objetivo el intercambio de bienes o servicios a cambio de una compensación. Según (Diez Canseco. R, 2020) “debido a la pandemia la economía colaborativa ha dado un salto cuantitativo y cualitativo al punto que la industria tecnológica se encuentra en pleno crecimiento y desarrollo a nivel global como nunca antes”. En base a los conceptos señalados líneas previas, el presente trabajo de investigación, tiene como principal objetivo mitigar uno de los principales problemas que tienen los conductores en Lima Metropolitana y Callao, que es contar con una cochera disponible para guardar su vehículo, a fin de evitar la inseguridad en las calles y ahorrar tiempo. Asimismo, ayudar a los propietarios de cocheras a publicar y alquilar su garaje y todo ello, mediante un aplicativo móvil. / Currently, the Covid-19 pandemic has been an accelerator for digital transformation in Peru. Even more from the business perspective, because all types of organizations, from a corporation to a small company, have seen the need to focus their strategies on the digital plane, including incorporating information technology and communication into their products and / or services. Not only in order to reduce costs but also in order to keep its customers and attract new ones, since the profile of the end consumer is changing. As a result of the growth of technology, it has given rise to new terms such as the collaborative economy, which has as its main objective the exchange of goods or services in exchange for compensation. According to (Diez Canseco. R, 2020) “due to the pandemic, the collaborative economy has taken a quantitative and qualitative leap to the point that the technology industry is in full growth and development at a global level like never before”. Based on the concepts indicated in the previous lines, the main objective of this research work is to mitigate one of the main problems that drivers have in Metropolitan Lima and Callao, which is to have a garage available to store their vehicle, in order to avoid insecurity on the streets and save time. Also, help garage owners to publish and rent their garage and all this, through a mobile application. / Trabajo de investigación

Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Finance Technology are influencing firms to adopt the DigitalTransformation strategy to achieve their long terms goals and remain competitive. Thistransformation is driving an evolution in the way of working in Supply and Finance units andcreating an emerging demand to implicate digital skills and consider them as core competenciesneeded for the workforces in those units. Management takes a vital role in supporting theemployees to upgrade their digital skills and providing them with a culture that facilitates theirefforts throughout this shifting journey. Middle-aged groups of the workforce make a majorcontribution to the labour market, and they are likely to have a higher digital skills gap thanyounger groups. This requires firms to put more focus on upskilling and enhancing the digitalskills of this group to enable successful adoption of the increased interaction with technology.During the upskilling of digital skills processes, the experience of the workforce may includechallenges. It is important for the leaders and human resources to understand the mindsets ofthose employees and their challenges to consider when revising the digital skills learninginitiatives. Thus, this master thesis examines the mindset and challenges of supply and finance employeesfrom the middle-age group of the workforce during digital skills upskilling programs driven byDT. Additionally, based on the finding to develop a framework that can help firms wheninitiating digital skills upskilling programs. For this, an interpretive qualitative study wasconducted. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews and Lichtman 3 Csthematic analysis was used and generated five concepts. Those concepts represent the findingsof the master’s thesis research and are interpreted and discussed with the help of the theoreticalframework of the double-loop learning method of Organizational learning Theory for Argyrisand Schön (1997). The research findings show the scoped group embraces digital transformation and has anopen mindset to change and the ability to contribute, but they also face challenges that are:Incentive and Recognition, Organizational Communication, Working and Learning inparallel, Customized learning programs. Based on the identified challenges, a framework wasdeveloped to support human resources and supply and finance leaders to consider duringupskilling of digital skills programs, to provide a better experience for the digital onboardingof the workforces during DT. This study contributes to the existing knowledge of theinformatics research field. The practical contribution is to help organizations, and humanresources, in improving the digital skills upskilling programs and frameworks, additionally toorganizational learning.

The changing environment during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increased demand for hybrid work formats. However, the research field merely focuses on hybrid work formats that were planned for. Generating knowledge regarding hybrid learning and how it can help those who intend to integrate it into their organizational settings is the purpose of this study. With this qualitative study we aim to make contributions to this research gap by exploring the research question “How are digital tools used for hybrid learning in higher education environments and how does it change the conditions for learning?”. The method used is a case study, in which we interview five respondents with differentiating experience of conducting hybrid learning. We found that digital tools are used similarly in both hybrid and non-hybrid higher education environments and that there had hardly been any kind of investments made towards hybrid work methods. We also found that hybrid learning works well for the traditional one-way communication lecture form but not as well for interactive lecture forms. Because this lecture form is important for deeper learning, in the context of this study hybrid learning is not perceived as an adequate lecture form. In addition to contributions to this research field, we aim to contribute to the practical usage of digital tools within hybrid work models.

While the proliferation of AI technologies offers opportunities for the workplace and its processes, their implementation in business effectively is still a challenge. Today, companies require strategic guidance in their AI management. Accordingly, there is a need for more research on the topic with a holistic approach including governance of data. Considering the challenges of the private sector and the gap in the IS research, this thesis focuses on the barriers to implementing AI in the private sector. It specifically assesses the sociotechnical mechanisms for AI evolution in the case of the agricultural machinery industry. The conducted case study suggests an overall approach including data governance for AI implementation and an alignment between the digital, it, and business strategies. Based on the research findings, this study suggests a model for AI management with three parts: The opportunities and the new data generation to realize these opportunities lie on the benefit side of the digital transformation while the sociotechnical mechanisms to tackle the barriers stand at the core. By introducing a model for AI management, the thesis offers a roadmap for the case company while bringing a new perspective to the literature and further research.

This thesis has contributed to academia by looking at what to include in a security awareness strategy, and how to apply this to industries, as this has not been done before. For this a case study and semi-structured interviews with security professionals/responsible, knowledgeable of industries have been performed. The result emphasize five steps: knowledge, motivation, communication, learning/ training and evaluation, by teaching knowledge at different levels, consider PMT factors, choose the right communication aspects, use interactive/context based learning activities and to evaluate knowledge, behavior and attitude.  When applied to industries, the study highlights the industrial culture, like customized knowledge, communication/learning activities that are relatable and don’t hinder industry workers, and finally to evaluate attitudes. This study's limitations and research recommendation could be the lack of fieldwork. However the findings also contribute to practice, given their real-life settings application potential, such as the generated security awareness model of this thesis.

In our era, digital technology is one of the fastest-changing areas. It impacts our private life, well-being, economics, politics and warfare. This essay intends to answer how digital transformation affects combats and state and non-state actors and also how these digitalised combats compromise social sustainability. The findings include social media and online platforms, dark web and cyberterrorism, cryptocurrency, remote sensing and surveillance, machine learning and AI, and digitally enabled strategies. The analysis was done by the Centre of Gravity model, social sustainability and securitisation theory. The thesis follows a comparative case study approach about Kenya and Nigeria therefore the essay address al-Shabaab and Boko Haram as the two prominent terrorist groups and the empirical data are related specifically to these countries and these diasporas.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has led to significant changes in the business environment and academic discussions. AI boosts productivity and positively impacts the competitive advantage of organisations. However, it also has its dark sides, such as prejudice, non-transparent processes, and people's fears that AI will be able to take their jobs in the future. The successful implementation of AI in organisations depends on several factors, including geopolitical, cultural, ecosystem, organisational, and individual factors. Geopolitical context and cultural differences can play an important role in the adoption and implementation of AI in organisations. This study examines the influence of geopolitical and cultural contexts on the decision-making process for the adoption and implementation of AI by managers from the fashion retail industry in Sweden and India. Given the extensive scope of these contexts, the authors narrowed their focus on specific factors. In the cultural context, the authors consider selected dimensions of the GLOBE project that reflect national culture. Within the Geopolitical context, particular attention is given to aspects such as data access and control, as well as the regulatory framework. In the course of this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted, and additional secondary data was studied. The study showed that the specifics of data access and control, as well as governmental legislative regulation, directly affect the decision-making process regarding the adoption and implementation of AI. As for the cultural context, here the degree of influence is heterogeneous, and decision-making on the implementation of AI is not always subject to the direct influence of the national cultural factors.

Enterprise low-code plattformar är något som stora organisationer och företag använder för att möjliggöra organisationsförändringar, orkestrera affärsprocesser och utvinna potential med citizen development. Forskningen runt low-code plattformar ligger dock efter, vilket gör att organisationer blir beroende av marknadsanalytiker och konsulter i den utforskande fasen i deras implementation. För att möta den brist på tidigare forskning inom enterprise low-code plattformar så har vi designat och utfört en fallstudie där vi studerat Arbetsförmedlingens implementation och användning av PegaSystems low-code plattform. Baserat på resultatet från denna studie så har vi tagit fram rekommendationer för framtida implementationer av enterprise low-code plattformar. Vi fann att Pegakompetens, mognad och struktur är viktiga och avgörande faktorer i ett Pegaprojekt. Vi fann också att tidig satsning och prioritering av Pegas Situational Layer Cake är nyckeln för att kunna utnyttja och skapa återanvändning, öka effektivitet, bygga en generisk grund och kunna använda citizen development. Våra rekommendationer till framtida implementationer är därför att (1) prioritera utveckling av Situational Layer Cake (2) Ta fram en projekttidslinje och strategi som är medveten om organisationens egen nivå av Pegakompetens, mognad och struktur.

ABSTRACT           Date:   2023-05-31      Level:   Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15cr      Institution:   School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University Authors:     Malin Godenius (95/10/06)   Victoria Karlson (94/04/01)   Sophia Röse (99/12/06)      Title:   Unravelling the Dynamics of Managerial Attention Allocation: Exploring the Impact of Digital Technologies and Heuristics      Supervisor:   Edward Gillmore      Keywords:   Attention-Based View, Heuristics, Digital Technologies, Digital Transformation, Attention Allocation, Managers      Research questions:  RQ1: What effect do digital technologies have on managers' attention allocation? RQ2: How do digital technologies substitute or complement managers' heuristics?      Purpose:   This study aims to explore and understand how increased access to digital technologies influences managers' attention allocation. The primary purpose is to investigate how digital technologies may substitute or complement managers' heuristics. Consequently, this can aid organisations' awareness of the potential impact to effectively adopt specific approaches to improve managers' decision-making and avoid information overload.      Method:   An exploratory, qualitative multiple case study consisting of six interviews was conducted to align with the purpose. The data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with managers at several companies within the energy and power industry. The data collection focuses on the three elements digital technologies, heuristics, and the attention-based view, which are then analysed through thematic analysis to identify their influence on one another.      Conclusion:   This study identifies the effect of digital technologies on attention allocation and heuristics. Attention allocation is negatively and positively impacted through digital technologies, allowing managers to, e.g., access an abundance of information which in turn can lead to information overload. Digital technologies additionally have a complementary effect on heuristics, the degree of which differs depending on several factors and situations. A substitutional effect is not as common and appears in combination with process automation.

La transformación digital ha permitido convivir con nuevas alternativas de trabajo, inicialmente con el teletrabajo y ahora con el smart working. En este sentido, el principal objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las perspectivas del smart working como metodología de trabajo en las organizaciones. El presente substantial research paper (SRP) se llevó a cabo a partir de un estudio minucioso de diferentes artículos que poseen alto factor de impacto (FI) y se encuentran publicados en revistas indizadas. Por tanto, dicha selección respalda el desarrollo y las conclusiones de este trabajo de investigación. Como resultado del análisis de los artículos, se identificaron siete subtemas: (1) smart working: definición, características y formas de trabajo relacionadas, (2) smart work center (SWC), (3) desafíos para la implementación del smart working, (4) rol e impacto de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) aplicadas al smart working, (5) experiencias de países u organizaciones que se aproximan a su implementación, (6) factores favorables para ambas partes: empresa y colaborador, (7) factores adversos para ambas partes: empresa y colaborador. Finalmente, cabe aclarar que esta modalidad de trabajo ya se practica en diversos países como Corea del Sur, Italia, Suecia, Holanda, Reino Unido, Rusia, Australia y Letonia. / The digital transformation has made it possible to coexist with new work alternatives, initially with teleworking and now with smart working. In this sense, the main objective of this research is to analyze the prospects of smart working as a work methodology in organizations. This substantial research paper (SRP) was carried out from a thorough study of different articles that have a high impact factor (IF) and are published in indexed journals. Therefore, this selection supports the development and conclusions of this research paper. As a result of the analysis of the articles, seven sub-themes were identified: (1) smart working: definition, characteristics and related forms of work, (2) smart work center (SWC), (3) challenges for the implementation of smart working, (4) role and impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) applied to smart working, (5) experiences of countries or organizations approaching its implementation, (6) favorable factors for both parties: company and collaborator, (7) adverse factors for both parties: company and collaborator. Finally, it should be noted that this type of work is already practiced in several countries such as South Korea, Italy, Sweden, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Russia, Australia and Latvia. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional