Zugl.: Bonn, Univ., Diss., 2001

Perfektionism blir allt vanligare i västvärlden. Parallellt ökar psykisk ohälsa bland ungdomar. Därmed är det av intresse att undersöka huruvida de parallella ökningarna i perfektionism och psykisk ohälsa hänger ihop. Utbrändhet är en form av psykisk ohälsa som har visat sig vara förknippat med perfektionism. Statistik visar att psykologer rapporterar fler sjukskrivningar på grund av utbrändhet jämfört med andra yrkesgrupper. I denna studie undersöktes samband mellan perfektionism, psykisk hälsa och livskvalitet bland psykologstudenter i Sverige. Data samlades in genom en webbaserad enkätundersökning, (N = 270, M = 26.4, SD = 5.67). Enkäten bestod av tre skattningsformulär; Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) och Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Korrelationsanalyser gjordes för att undersöka samband mellan perfektionism, psykisk hälsa och livskvalitet. Variansanalyser gjordes för att undersöka huruvida dessa samband skiljer sig i styrka beroende på antalet rapporterade livsdomäner inom perfektionism. Resultatet visade att det finns ett signifikant positivt samband mellan perfektionism och psykisk ohälsa samt ett signifikant negativt samband mellan perfektionism och livskvalitet. Vidare framkom det att deltagare som rapporterade perfektionism inom flera livsdomäner skattade högre grad av psykisk ohälsa jämfört med deltagare som rapporterade inga eller en livsdomäner. Däremot fanns det ingen skillnad mellan grupperna i skattad livskvalitet. / Perfectionism is becoming more and more common in the Western world. Parallel to that, mental ill-health is increasing among young people. It is therefore of interest to investigate whether the parallel increases in perfectionism and mental ill-health are related. Burnout is a form of mental ill-health that has been found to be associated with perfectionism. Statistics show that psychologists report more sick leave due to burnout than other occupational groups. This study investigated the relationship between perfectionism, mental health and quality of life among psychology students in Sweden. Data was collected through an online survey, (N = 270, M = 26.4, SD = 5.67). The survey consisted of three questionnaires; Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Correlational analyzes were conducted to investigate the relationship between perfectionism, mental health and quality of life. Analysis of variance was conducted to investigate whether these relationships differ in strength depending on the number of reported life domains within perfectionism. The result showed that there is a significant positive relationship between perfectionism and mental ill-health as well as a significant negative relationship between perfectionism and quality of life. Furthermore, it was found that participants who reported perfectionism in multiple life domains estimated a higher degree of mental ill-health compared to participants who reported none or one life domain. However, there was no difference between the groups in estimated quality of life.

Depression and anxiety are common psychiatric disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD). Past studies have demonstrated a relationship between depression and cognitive decline in PD; however, the unique influence of anxiety has not been well studied. The objective of the present study was to differentiate the unique influences of depression and anxiety on cognitive functioning in PD. Sixty-eight cognitively intact PD patients with mild to moderate motor disease severity completed self-report questionnaires and neuropsychological tests. Two hierarchical regression analyses were conducted with executive functioning performance as the criterion variable, and two additional hierarchical regression analyses were conducted with memory performance as the criterion variable. Depression and anxiety, as measured by the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS), served as predictors for all analyses. Each set of analyses examined the amount of added, unique variance accounted for by anxiety when depression was entered as the first predictor, and also examined the amount of added, unique variance accounted for by depression when anxiety was entered as the first predictor. It was found that depression significantly predicted delayed recall memory performance when entered as the first and second predictor. In contrast, anxiety did not significantly predict performance on any of the cognitive measures. Two DASS subscales assess for the physical symptoms of anxiety, and these subscales were not significantly correlated with any cognitive variables. However, the DASS subscales tapping into non-physical aspects of anxiety were significantly associated with several cognitive variables. Patients may have endorsed physical symptoms of anxiety due to the symptoms associated with PD, and not as a result of the genuine presence of anxiety. This could have masked a potential relationship between anxiety and cognitive functioning in PD, and suggests that specific components of anxiety may be associated with cognition in PD. Future adaptation of the DASS may be necessary to differentiate the unique influences of depression and anxiety in PD patients.

High levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (SAD) can adversely influence physical health, psychological well-being, and academic and clinical performance of nursing students. Numerous studies have identified the factors associated with SAD; however, a paucity of empirical research addresses the relationship of SAD with campus connectedness (CC), perceived social support (PSS), and coping. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study, guided by Lazarus and Folkman's theory of stress, coping, and adaptation, was to determine the prevalence of SAD and examine its relationship with CC, PSS, and coping among undergraduate nursing students of Nepal. Survey research was conducted using depression anxiety stress scale, campus connectedness scale, the multidimensional scale for perceived social support, and brief cope inventory. Among 680 nursing students analyzed, the 51.7% reported moderate to extremely severe levels of SAD. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant relationship among CC, PSS, and coping with SAD (p < .001). A discriminant analysis indicated that depression best discriminated the levels of CC and PSS. The levels of coping were found to be best discriminated by anxiety. The findings can be sourced to create awareness among educators and administrators of nursing colleges about the roles that campus connectedness, social support, and coping strategies play in the occurrence SAD. Future studies can focus on the need to establish mental health screening and social support services, such as counseling centers in nursing colleges, which may bring about a positive social change in the lives of nursing students.

The numbers of people with spinal cord injuries (SCI) in Thailand are increasing. Thai rehabilitation care focuses treatment on acute care with little attention to the lives of clients after discharge from institutions. To date, there has been no research on rehabilitation outcomes and factors relevant to these issues for people with SCI at home and in the community in Thailand. The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the outcomes of functional status, depression, anxiety and stress, and health status of people with SCI, both at discharge and at three months post-discharge from hospital. One hundred twenty-one participants with SCI were recruited from ten major hospitals in Thailand. Data was collected at 48 hours pre-discharge and again at three months post-discharge using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), and the SF-36 Health Survey. The results demonstrated that mean scores of functional status at discharge were significantly higher than at three months post-discharge. Depression and anxiety scores at discharge were significantly lower than depression and anxiety scores at three months postdischarge. Stress score had not significantly changed from discharge to post-discharge. Health status scores at discharge were also higher than at three months post-discharge on eight subscales. Factors relevant to or predicting functional status were marital status, attendant care, number of architectural barriers, fulfilled occupational therapy (OT) needs, and number of different services required but not received. Factors predicting depression, anxiety and stress were marital and economic status, age at onset, education level, duration of disability, fulfilled OT needs, number of different services received, and numbers of different service required but not received. / Factors predicting health status were marital status, economic status, age at onset, education level, duration of disability, attendant care, number of architectural barriers, fulfilled OT needs, number of different services received, and number of different services required but not received. Some predictive factors are culture-specific, but on others, rehabilitation professionals could ease the transition from hospital to home for people with SCI.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 17, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

This master's thesis presents the dialogical analysis of the German TV show 'Wetten, dass...?'.The main target is to analyse the internal as well as the external dialogical structure of two Wetten, dass...? shows. The internal structure is based on the dialogue between the showmaster and his guests. On the other hand, the external one is based on the dialogue between the showmaster and the audience. The purpose of this master's thesis is to show how each showmaster is trying to interact two groups of people as well as to analyse if there is a difference between both of them. The theoretical part of this thesis defines the term 'TV entertainment' and describes different types of dialogues. It is also focused on the show Wetten, dass...?, on its concept, each showmaster, audience raking, criticism and other competition. The practical part describes two chosen Wetten, dass...? shows in terms of their dialogicity. The main point is the showmaster, who is trying to act dialogically in relation to his quests and audience. Keywords Entertainment, entertainment show, dialogue, Wetten, dass...?, audience, showmaster, broadcasting

Objective: To broaden the understanding of Swedish psychology student’s psychological health. Issue: Is there psychological illness in terms of self rated anxiety, among the psychology student at Linnaeus University? Are there correlations between self rated anxiety, perfectionistic personality traits and/or educational elements?  Method: A cross-sectional study of  psychology students (N = 65). The participants were recruited via the social media Facebook, and answered an anonymous web survey consisting of Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ). The participants were divided into two groups based on whether they had clinical (N=19) or theoretical (N=46) elements in their current education. Correlation analysis and ancova were executed in order to answer the issue. Results: Anxiety and perfectionism correlated positively (p=.000). Anxiety correlated positively with theoretical elements (p=.000) but not with clinical educational elements. Perfectionism and anxiety correlated positively during theoretical educational elements p=.007). Conclusion: The results indicate that higher perfectionism can correlate with higher levels of anxiety. It indicates that the perfectionism might have clinical properties. The students' results in relation to educational elements indicate that the participants had rated lower levels of anxiety during the clinical elements of the education. The study was limited in that it did not look into gender identification or underlying causes of non-response, and a small sample with large non-response bias (57%). The limitations mean that the results were not generalisable.

Examensarbetet ”Avträdets Arkitektur” utgår både från en problematisering av vår tids användning av vattentoaletten och använder också utedassets arkitektur som generator för projektet. Avträdet är en bortglömd byggnad, som kan berätta mycket om hur vi levt förr, men framförallt ett exempel på en arkitektur som för människan närmare naturen. Det är framförallt denna aspekt som legat till grund för detta projekt. Arbetets frågeställning har varit: Hur kan en arkitektur, som tar avstamp i det traditionella utedasset, bidra till att minimera samhällets vattenförbrukning och samtidigt addera sinnliga kvaliteter till den arkitektoniska upplevelsen i en bostad? Efterforskningen har innefattat hur rening av vatten fungerar, vilka miljökonsekvenser de för med sig och vilka alternativ som finns, samt utedassets funktion, utseende och historiska värden. Arbetet har resulterat i en ny typologi, ett slags större radhus, på Gotland. Tack vare ett gemensamt, mer lokalt, reningsverk och en toalettlösning som baseras på en vakuumlösning med urinseparation kan man bättre ta tillvara på resurser och minska användningen av vatten. Byggnaden inspireras på flera sätt av utedassens utseende och funktion, exempelvis genom att integrera kalla och varma utrymmen och en ständig närhet till naturen. / The thesis "Architecture of the privy" is based on both questioning our contemporary use of the flush toilet as well as using the privy as a generator for the project. The outhouse is a forgotten building, which can tell a lot about how one lived in the past, but above all an example of an architecture that brings us closer to nature. It is primarily this aspect that has been the base for the architectural question. The working question of this thesis has been: How can an architecture, which uses in the traditional outhouse as a generator, help to minimise society's water consumption and at the same time add sensual qualities to the architectural experience in a house? The research has included how purification of water works, the environmental consequences they bring and what the alternatives are, as well as the privy’s function, appearance and historical values. The work has resulted in a new typology, a kind of larger row house, in Gotland, Sweden. Thanks to a common, more local, wastewater treatment plant and a toilet solution based on vacuum with urine separation, one can better utilise resources and reduce the use of fresh water. The building is in many ways inspired by the appearance and function of the privy, for example by integrating cold and warm spaces and a constant proximity to nature.

本文係以審計抽樣α及β風險為研究範圍，旨在探討我國會計師事務所審計人員對α 及β風險之認知程度。α與β風險係一種相對性的觀念，前者涉及審計效率（Effic- iency ），後者則涉及審計效果（Effectiveness ），兩者在認知上之差距均足以影 響審計人員之專業判斷，從而損及其形象、聲譽。 在本文中，首先探討有關審計風險之定義，並探究其形成原因；其次則將審計風險依 抽樣方法與審計程序之不同加以分類，並提出其數量模型，俾使審計人員對整體審計 風險之控制有深刻的瞭解。再者則提出「古典模式」「貝氏決策理論模式」及「貨幣 單位抽樣模式」等有關α及β的控制模型詳加縷述。 本文實證研究係以國內會計師事務所審計人員（分三大與非三大）及審計學術界人員 為受試對象，問卷分三組採不具名方式寄發，回函問卷經整理後採卡方檢定及單因子 變異數加以分析。其研究目的旨在瞭解上述人員對α及β風險之認知程度；以便對國 內審計實務界之專業訓練及學術界之審計教育提出發展改進的方向，並指引出可行的 途徑。