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Despite having a successful physical education program at Etiwanda Intermediate School the need still remains for a written curriculum that ties in with the California State Framework (1994). The development of this project represents the beginnings of the goal of a written curriculum at Etiwanda Intermediate School. This will be an on-going process, through use of needs assessment surveys, including the teachers at all levels, focus on teaching practices, plenty of hands-on practice, and incentives for teachers. There is also an evaluation form to meet the needs in the ever-changing world of physical education.

Orientador: Ruth Ferreira Santos-Galduróz / Banca: Sebastião Gobbi / Banca: Márcia Regina Cominetti / Banca: Sofia Cristina Iost Pavarini / Banca: Alexandre Gabarra de Oliveira / Resumo: Recentemente tem sido apontado na literatura que fatores de crescimento poderiam estar relacionados aos benefícios do exercício físico na saúde mental de idosos com doença de Alzheimer (DA). Dentre estes fatores, destacaremos neste estudo o fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF), que desempenha um importante papel nos processos de neurogênese e angiogênese. O presente estudo foi dividido em cinco capítulos, o primeiro apresentou a Introdução, objetivos, delineamento do estudo e revisão da literatura. O segundo capítulo consistiu em um artigo de revisão que teve como objetivo conduzir uma revisão sistemática de estudos que verificaram os efeitos do exercício físico no VEGF em idosos. Já o capítulo 3 versou em um estudo exploratório e teve como objetivo comparar as concentrações plasmáticas de VEGF, funções cognitivas e funcionalidade motora de idosos preservados cognitivamente e idosos com DA. Outro objetivo deste estudo foi verificar e comparar o efeito agudo de uma sessão de exercício aeróbio nos níveis plasmáticos de VEGF de ambas as populações. Participaram deste estudo, 40 idosos preservados cognitivamente e 40 idosos no estágio leve da DA. Os idosos de ambos os grupos realizaram um protocolo de avaliações que consistia em testes cognitivos e motores, coleta sanguínea para obtenção dos níveis plasmáticos de VEGF e das variáveis metabólicas (hemograma, colesterol total e frações, triglicérides e glicemia) e realização de um teste incremental. O teste t independente apontou que os grupos foram diferentes no momento inicial para as seguintes variáveis: nível de atividade física, glicemia e plaquetas. Os testes estatísticos verificaram que idosos com DA apresentam menores concentrações de VEGF, antes e após o teste incremental, quando comparados ao grupo de idosos preservados cognitivamente. O grupo de idosos com DA, apresentou também uma pior funcionalidade motora. No entanto, foi... / Abstract: Recently it has been suggested in the literature that trophic factors could be related to the benefits of physical exercise on mental health of elderly with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among this factor, in this study, the vascular endothelial growth factor will be highlighted, which makes an important role in neurogenesis and angiogenesis process. This study was divided in five chapters. The first presented the introduction, objectives, study design and review of the literature. The second chapter consisted of a review article aimed to conduct a systematic review of studies that found the effects of exercise on VEGF in the elderly. Already chapter three consisted of an exploratory study and the aim was to compare the plasma concentrations of VEGF, cognitive functions and motor functionality of cognitively preserved elderly and with AD. Another aim of this study was to determine and compare the acute effect of an aerobic exercise session in plasma levels of VEGF both populations. This study was composed of 40 cognitively preserved elderly and 40 elderly in the mild stage of AD. Elderly of both groups performed a protocol assessments consisting of cognitive and motors tests, blood collection to obtain plasma levels of VEGF and metabolic variables (hemogram, total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides and glucose) and an incremental test. The independent t test showed that the groups were different at baseline for the following variables: level of physical activity, blood glucose and platelets. The statistical testes showed that AD patients have lower VEGF concentrations before and after the incremental test, when compared to the group of cognitively preserved elderly. The group of elderly with AD also has a worse motor functionality.However, an aerobic exercise session does not increase significantly the VEGF levels in both groups. The chapter 4 is a longitudinal study and the aim was to verify the effects of aerobic training in plasma ... / Doutor

The purpose of this study was to determine the mental attitudes of Lodi Union High School Girls toward their physical education program, and to arrive, on the basis of the findings, at constructive recommendations. The study was particularly concerned with; (1) The mental attitudes of the girls toward the general organization of the program: (a) attitudes toward activities offered, (b) attitudes toward requirements - costume, participation, showers, etc.; (2) An evaluation of the program: (a) physical, social, psychological development, (b) carry-over value into adult life; (3) Suggestions for betterment of programs

Orientador: Eliane Mauerberg de Castro / Banca: Renato de Moraes / Banca: José Aparecido da Silva / Resumo: Atividades relacionadas com a percepção espacial dependem intimamente do funcionamento do sistema de percepção-ação. Esse sistema pode ser vulnerável a vários fatores intrínsecos como: experiência prévia, motivação, condição orgânica, fatores fisiológicos, entre outros. Alterações nas condições do organismo, como a presença da deficiência visual, ilustram adaptações que se manifestam em mudanças no desempenho de indivíduos cegos, e demandam diferenciadas estratégias do sistema háptico durante a navegação e a percepção espacial. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar se a prévia indução ao esforço por meio do exercício físico afetaria a percepção espacial de indivíduos atletas com e sem deficiência visual (DV e CT). A percepção espacial foi subdividida em tarefas de orientação espacial e percepção de distância (produzida e estimada). O segundo objetivo do estudo foi verificar se a condição da deficiência visual, comparada à pessoas sem deficiência, acarretaria uma adaptabilidade que repercutisse no desempenho em tarefas de percepção espacial . Ainda, avaliar o grau de relacionamento entre parâmetros da percepção espacial e variáveis fisiológicas, bioquímicas e experiência na modalidade. Participaram do estudo um grupo de atletas adultos jovens (n=15) de atletismo com baixa visão ou cegueira total abrangendo as três classificações esportivas (B1; B2; B3), e um grupo de atletas adultos jovens (n=10) de atletismo. Os grupos realizaram tarefas de percepção do espaço, caracterizadas pelo deslocamento em linha reta até uma determinada distância conduzida por um guia e logo em seguida o participante foi instruído para reproduzir o mesmo trajeto á frente. As variáveis em análise incluíram os parâmetros de orientação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Activities related with spatial perception depends intimately on the action-perception system of function. This system can be vulnerable to many intrinsic factors like: previous experience, motivation, organics condition, physiologic factors, among others. Changes on organism conditions, as visual disability, illustrates adaptations that manifests in changes on blind individuals performance, and demands differentiated strategies of haptic system during the navigation and spatial perception. The study objective as to verify if previous induce to effort by physical exercise would affect spatial perception of athletes individuals with or without visual disability (VD and WV). Spatial perception was subdivided in spatial orientation tasks and distance perception (produced and estimated). The second objective of the study was to verify if the visual disability condition, compared to people without disability, entail an adaptability that reverberates on the performance of spatial perception tasks. And evaluate the relationship degree between spatial perception parameters and physiological variables, biochemical and experience in sport. Participated on the study an young adult athlete group (n=15) of athletics with low vision or total blindness covering the three sportive classifications (B1; B2; B3), and an young adult athletes (n=10) of athletics. The groups realized three perception of space tasks, characterized by displacement straight until a determined distance conducted by a guide and immediately after the participant was instructed to reproduce the same path forward. The variables in analyses included the spatial orientation parameters and perception of distance (produced and estimated). The spatial perception tasks was realized in two conditions, under previous maxims effort (ME) and in the rest condition (RC). The variable... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Vi har skrivit en kunskapsöversikt med syftet att undersöka om och hur lärares kunskaper- och undervisning om hållbar utveckling skiljer sig. Vi ville undersöka om skillnaderna har betydelse för den holistiska undervisning som ESD förespråkar. Därför undersökte vi även vad skillnaderna innebär för det holistiska perspektivet i ämnesintegrerade samarbeten. Metoden har inneburit att söka efter forskning i databaserna ERC, ERIC och SwePub vilket resulterade ifyra forskningsstudier. Tre av studierna undersöker lärarnas undervisning och en av studierna lärarnas kunskaper. Samtliga studier är genomförda i en svensk kontext. I resultatdelen behandlas bl.a. lärares kunskaper om hållbar utveckling, metoder i undervisningen samt vilken betydelse skillnader i lärares undervisning har i ämnesintegrerade samarbeten. I slutdiskussionen görs en summering av resultatet i relation till kunskapsöversiktensfrågeställningar. Slutsatsen innebär att både lärares kunskaper och metoder kan skilja sig och påverka möjligheterna för en holistisk undervisning. Samtidigt innebär skillnaderna en potential att främja en holistisk förståelse genom ämnesintegrerade samarbeten. Det förs även en diskussion om yrkesrelevansen för samhällskunskapslärare samt metod och urval. Ett resultat av sökprocessen är att samhällskunskapslärares undervisning i hållbarhetsfrågor inte har undersökts vilket används för att motivera framtida forskning.

The investigator became interested in the question, "What is the typical high school background in physical education of freshman girls enrolled in Texas colleges." The investigator was particularly interested in the background of freshman girls enrolled in North Texas State College. On the basis of the above interest, the investigator undertook a study of the previous public senior high school experiences in physical education of freshman girls enrolled at North Texas State College for the spring semester, 1960, with recommendations for the curriculum in the area of physical education for the college service classes.

A survey of the physical education programs for high school girls near Denton, Texas to determine the extent of compliance with state law for physical education, the facilities for the program, training of the teachers, type of physical education program, and teaching load of physical education teachers.

Sammanfattning I denna studie undersöks förutsättningar för delaktighet inom särskild utbildning för vuxna i små kommuner. Studiens syfte är att bidra med kunskap om förutsättningar för elevers delaktighet inom särskild utbildning för vuxna i svenska kommuner med mindre befolkning än 40 000 invånare. Studien bygger på 10 kvalitativa intervjuer med lärare och skolledare inom särvux från små kommuner. Analys- och tolkningsarbetet utgår ifrån en delaktighetsmodell (Szönyi & Söderqvist Dunkers) och det sociokulturella perspektivet (Säljö 2017). Studiens resultat visar att undervisningen bedrivs i blandade grupper i flera fall, med elever som är inskrivna på olika nivåer inom särvux, och även inom vuxenutbildning på grundläggande nivå. Möjligheter till att samhandla och att kommunicera med andra finns både inom undervisningen i undervisningsgrupper och vid raster. Den dominerande bilden när det gäller elevers engagemang är att eleverna visar engagemang i utbildningen genom att uttrycka att de vill delta, att de vill påverka hur utbildningen utformas, att de har hög närvaro. Samtliga informanter har exempel på situationer där det är tydligt att eleven har möjlighet att göra aktiva, självständiga val. En utmaning för en liten kommun är att ha möjlighet att själva anordna samtliga kurser som ingår i särvux utbud. Den lilla kommen sägs ge ökade förutsättningar för samhandling och en god förutsättning för att få erkännande från andra på utbildningen och från personer i det omgivande samhället. Denna studie kan medverka till att skapa en djupare förståelse för förutsättningar för elever som läser på särvux i en liten kommun.   Nyckelord Delaktighet, Särskild utbildning för vuxna. Små kommuner. Abstract   In this study, the conditions for participation in special education for adults in small municipalities are examined. The purpose of the study is to contribute knowledge about the conditions for student participation in special education for adults in small Swedish municipalities. The study is based on 10 qualitative interviews with teachers and school leaders in special needs from small municipalities. The analysis and interpretation work are based on a model of participation and the socio-cultural perspective. The results of the study show that the teaching is conducted in mixed groups in several cases in the study, with students enrolled at different levels in special education, and in adult education at the basic level. Opportunities to interact and to communicate with others are found both in teaching, in teaching groups and during breaks. The dominant picture regarding student engagement is that students show commitment to education by expressing that they want to participate, that they want to influence how education is designed, that they have a high attendance. All informants have examples of situations where the student has the opportunity to make active, independent choices. A challenge for the small municipality´s conditions for participation is to arrange all courses that are part of special education for adults. The small community is said to provide increased conditions for collaboration and a good condition for getting recognition from others in education and from people in the surrounding community. This study can help to create a deeper understanding of the conditions for pupils who read in special education in a small municipality.   Keywords   Participation, special education for adults, small municipalities in Sweden

Poor waste management is a major issue in Moldova today, why work has been made in several areas to resolve waste problems. Still, there is no organized form of sustainable waste management. In case of implementation of such a system, the citizens must know how to use the system and be aware of the consequences that are caused by poor waste management. As a part of this, waste management education in schools has an important role. Therefore this study seeks the relation between waste management and waste management education in schools in Chisinau and also how the conditions in society affect the waste management and waste management education. Based on this, some efforts regarding how waste management in schools can become more sustainable are described.Literature studies showed that an integrative whole-school approach regarding sustainability is a good approach for encouraging action competence in environmental problems, including waste management issues. In order to study the current conditions regarding waste management education and school waste management, four schools in Chisinau were visited where observations and interviews were made. Interviews were also made with some relevant authorities and organizations to complement collected information from school visits. Field studies showed that even though environmental education in Moldova to some extent has been implemented with an interdisciplinary strategy, there are several barriers that affect the effectiveness of this strategy. In addition, waste related problems were blamed on society rather than an insufficient waste management education in schools.The conclusion of the study is that a whole-school concept may be implemented in schools in Chisinau in order to make school waste management more sustainable. This way waste management is taught informally as part of the school environment. To implement this concept, internal and external effortswithin the areas school organization, equipment and education are suggested. A more extensive approach on educational improvements necessary for the concept’s effectiveness will be described in another study on the same topic performed by Julia Skagerberg. / Bristfällig avfallshantering är ett stort problem i Moldavien idag. Åtgärder har gjorts inom flera områden för att nå en lösning på avfallsproblem relaterade till detta, dock finns det fortfarande ingen organiserad form av hållbar avfallsantering. Utifall ett sådant system implementeras så behöver invånarna veta hur de använder systemet. De behöver också vara medvetna om de konsekvenser som orsakas av bristfällig avfallshantering. I detta har utbildningen om avfallshantering i skolor en viktig roll. Den här studien söker relationen mellan avfallshantering och utbildning om avfallshantering i skolor i Chisinau och även hur samhällets förutsättningar påverkar avfallshantering och utbildning om avfallshantering. Baserat på detta ges några förslag på åtgärder som kan bidra till att avfallshanteringen i skolorna i Chisinau kan bli mer hållbar.Litteraturstudierna visade att utbildning om hållbar utveckling bör integreras genom en helskolsmodell för att studenter ska få utveckla handlingskraft gällande miljöproblem, inklusive avfallshanteringsproblem. För att studera de nuvarande förutsättningarna gällande avfallshantering samt utbildning om avfallshantering i skolor så besöktes fyra skolor i Chisinau, där observationer och intervjuer gjordes. Intervjuer gjordes också med några relevanta myndigheter och organisationer för att komplettera den insamlade informationen från skolbesöken. Fältstudierna visade att även om miljöutbildning i Moldavien till viss del har implementerats med en ämnesöverskridande strategi, så finns det ett flertal faktorer som påverkar strategins verkan. Samtidigt så beskylldes avfallsrelateradeproblemen ofta på samhället snarare än på en bristfällig utbildning om miljö och avfallshantering.Studiens slutsats är att en helskolsmodell kan implementeras i skolor i Chisinau för att göra avfallshanteringen mer hållbar. Genom detta kan avfallshantering läras ut informellt, som en del av skolmiljön. För att implementera denna modell föreslås några åtgårder inom områdena skolorganisation, utrustning och utbildning. En mer utförlig redogörelse för nödvändiga utbildningsmässiga förbättringar, som krävs för att modellen ska fungera optimalt, kommer beskrivas i en annan studie på samma ämne utförd av Julia Skagerberg.