The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the personality traits that are associated with socioeconomic mobility, specifically pertaining to individuals from working class backgrounds. Socioeconomic mobility is an important issue to examine due to the persistence of intergenerational poverty and the difficulty with which to resolve it. Extensive research explicitly shows the dilemma of intergenerational transmission of poverty exists and continues to persist regardless of revised policies. Many aspects each individual experiences have been proven to affect economic attainment, such as race, family background, parental efficacy, social discrimination, area of residency, welfare, education, and intelligence. Although these are recognized in this paper, they are, for the most part, ignored as determinants, as the focus is on the personality traits defining the upwardly mobile, and similar characteristics exist, even while disregarding the above ignored qualities. Mainly social identity theory and identity theory, but also motivational theory, personal efficacy theories, and other related theories, have determined social participation, perception of social class and poverty, control of emotions, impulse control, personal efficacy, social identity, motivation, victimization and dependence or the lack thereof, are all major determinants of mobility.

Tyrimo tikslas: Nustatyti atrankos proceso ypatumų bei kandidatų asmenybės savybių reikšmę motyvacijos įsidarbinti kitimui. Tyrime dalyvavo 97 atrankos procese dalyvaujantys asmenys (56 moterys ir 41 vyrai). Tiriamieji buvo apklausiami du kartus: prieš atrankos procesą ir po atrankos proceso. Tyrime naudota kandidato motyvaciją įsidarbinti vertinantis klausimynas (Mačiunskaitė, Bukšnytė-Marmienė, 2013), BFI: didžiojo penketo modelio klausimynas (John, Donahue, Kentle, 1991; vertimą į lietuvių kalbą atliko Endriulaitienė, Ševelytė 2009; Markšaitytė, Endriulaitienė, Šeibokaitė, 2009), atrankos proceso ypatumų klausimynas: kandidatų požiūrį į atrankos procese naudojamus metodus vertinantis klausimynas (Steiner, Gilliland, 1996; vertimą į lietuvių kalbą atliko Endriulaitienė, Sudavičiūtė, 2008) ir subjektyvų atrankos proceso trukmės vertinimą nustatantis klausimynas (Mačiunskaitė, Bukšnytė-Marmienė, 2013). Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad kandidatų motyvacijos įsidarbinti lygis yra didesnis po atrankos proceso nei prieš atrankos procesą. Motyvacijos įsidarbinti lygis susijęs su subjektyviai vertinama atrankos proceso trukme: ilgesnis atrankos proceso trukmės vertinimas susijęs su aukštesniu motyvacijos įsidarbinti lygiu prieš atrankos procesą ir po atrankos proceso. Atrankos proceso metu naudojamų metodų teisingumo vertinimas susijęs su kandidatų motyvacijos įsidarbinti kitimu: gyvenimo aprašymas, gebėjimų ir darbo pavyzdžio testų metodų vertinimas neprognozuoja motyvacijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study was to explore importance of characteristic of the selection process and candidate's personality traits to the motivation to find job variation. The study included 97 persons involved in the selection process (56 women and 41 men). Respondents were interviewed twice before and after the selection process. Research methods are: Questionnaire of candidate's motivation to find job (Mačiunskaitė, Bukšnytė-Marmienė, 2013), BFI: big five inventory (John, Donahue, Kentle, 1991; into lithuanian prepared Endriulaitienė, Ševelytė 2009; Markšaitytė, Endriulaitienė, Šeibokaitė, 2009), charactetistic of the selection process questionnaire: questionnaire of fairness reactions to personnel selection techniques (Steiner, Gilliland, 1996; into lithuanian prepared Endriulaitienė, Sudavičiūtė, 2008) and questionnaire for the subjective selection process duration. The results of the research showed that candidate's motivation to find job level is higher after the selection process than before the selection process. Motivation to find job level is associated with the subjective duration of selection process evaluation: longer duration of the selection process assessment relates to a higher level of motivation to find job before and after the selection process. Methods used in the selection process evaluation of justice is related with motivation to find job variation: CV, skills and work sample test evaluation do not indicate changes of motivation to find job. Job... [to full text]

This study examined relationships between facial appearance, gender-linked traits, and feminist stereotypes. Naïve college students rated traits based on facial appearance of female CEO's whose companies appeared in the Forbes 1000 list. The photos of each female CEO (n=35) were randomly combined with two descriptive identifiers; an occupation (n=9) and an interest area (n=9), including 'feminist'. Participants then rated the head shots of the CEO's on a 7 point Likert scale of communal (expected feminine) traits like attractiveness, warmth, compassion and cooperativeness, and on agentic (expected masculine) traits like ambition, leadership ability and intelligence. If college students hold negative stereotypes of feminists, feminist identified women are expected to be rated lower on levels of attractiveness, warmth, compassion and cooperativeness, but higher in leadership ability, ambition, and intelligence. Results demonstrated that participants did not hold negative stereotypes of feminists as they rated them similarly to environmentalists, progressives, and liberals. Results demonstrated that participants held negative stereotypes about conservatives and republicans.

本研究主要目的在瞭解國中學生知覺校園受凌經驗與其相關 因素的關係。研究對象：本研究對象以就讀於雲林縣國民中學一至三 年級的學生為主要研究對象，共 580 位。發出問卷 580 份，計回收 550 份回收率 95%，剃除無效問卷 16 份，剩下 534 份為有效問卷， 有效問卷回收率為 92%。統計方法：將所得資料經描述性統計、獨 立樣本 t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、相關分析。 研究結果發現： 研究樣本之國中學生在「個人特質」與「受凌因素」中，個人特 質包含「神經質性」、「嚴謹自律性」，受凌因素包含「個體受凌」、 「反擊霸凌」、「整體受凌」；顯示出「聰穎開放性」與「反擊霸凌」、 「整體受凌」達顯著正相關，「外向性」與「個體受凌」、「反擊霸 凌」、「整體受凌」達顯著負相關。 由此得知，個人特質越「神經質性」或越「嚴謹自律性」在「個 體受凌」、「反擊霸凌」與「整體受凌」上越容易受凌。個人特質越 「聰穎開放性」在「反擊霸凌」與「整體受凌」上越容易受凌。個 人特質「外向性」越負向在「個體受凌」、「反擊霸凌」與「整體受 凌」上越容易受凌。 / The purpose of this study was to understand the junior high school students’ perception of being bullied in school and its related factors. The participants were 534 students in three junior high schools in Yunlin. The data was analyzed by Descriptive Statistics, T-test, One-way ANOVA and Pearson’s Correlation. The results were as follows: Two main factors were analyzed in this research. One was Personality Traits, and the other was Bullied Factors. Personality Traits included Neurotic Traits and Rigorous Self-Discipline. Campus Bullied Factors included Individual Bullied, Countering Bullied, and Overall Bullied. It showed that Intelligent Openness was positively correlated with Countering Bullied, and Overall Bullied. Extraversion was negatively correlated with Individual Bullied, Countering Bullied, and Overall Bullied. From the results of the research, the personality traits with more Neurotic Traits and Rigorous Self-Discipline were positively correlated with Individual Bullied, Countering Bullied, and Overall Bullied items and were easily been bullied. The personality traits with more Extroversion were negatively correlated with Individual Bullied, Countering Bullied, and Overall Bullied items. / 內容目錄 中文摘要................................................................................................ iii 英文摘要................................................................................................ iv 誌謝辭......................................................................... ............. ............. v 內容目錄................................................................................................ vi 表目錄.................................................................................................. viii 圖目錄..................................................................................................... x 第一章 緒論......................................................................................... 1 第一節 研究背景與動機..................................................... 1 第二節 研究目的................................................................. 5 第三節 研究問題................................................................. 6 第四節 研究假設................................................................. 6 第五節 名詞操作型定義 ....................................................... 7 第六節 研究限制................................................................. 9 第二章 文獻探討 ............................................................................. 10 第一節 校園霸凌之定義、型式及起因 ......................... 10 第二節 校園霸凌理論及相關文獻.................................. 22 第三節 受凌的特徵及相關之研究.................................. 27 第四節 受凌經驗之相關因素.......................................... 34 第三章 研究方法............................................................................... 46 第一節 研究架構............................................................... 46 第二節 研究流程圖........................................................... 47 第三節 研究對象............................................................... 48 第四節 研究工具............................................................... 48 第五節 專家效度............................................................... 49 第六節 資料處理與分析................................................... 75 第四章 結果與討論 ......................................................................... 76 第一節 研究樣本之人口背景變項及個人描述之現況分析... ………..76 第二節 不同背景變項的國中學生在受凌因素上之差異比較.. …… 80 第三節 探討不同個人描述的國中學生在受凌因素上之差異比較…..85 第四節 探討不同個人特質的國中學生在受凌因素上之相關分析…..93 ………………..…………………… 第五章 結果與建議 ……........…………………………………….94 第一節 討論…………………....………………………94 第二節 結論……………………....………………........97 第三節 建議 ……………………....……………..........101 參考文獻 中文部分 ………………………....……………………..104 英文部分…………………………....……………………122 附件一預試問卷………………………………....………………….131 附件二正式問卷…………………………....……………………….140 表目錄 表 2-1 校園霸凌各學派理論............................................................ 22 表 2-2 受凌者的特徵 .................................................................... 28 表 2-3 受凌特徵表現一覽表 ........................................................ 32 表 2-4 人格五大因素特質各量尺的說明...................................... 41 表 3-1 個人描述第一回合問卷統計結果與建議 ........................ 50 表 3-2 個人描述第二回合問卷統計結果與建議 ....................... .51 表 3-3 個人因素特質量表第一回合問卷統計結果與建議 ..... ...52 表 3-4 個人因素特質量表第二回合問卷統計結果與建議 …...56 表 3-5 受凌經驗量表第一回合問卷統計結果與建議………....59 表 3-6 受凌經驗量表第二回合問卷統計結果與建議………....63 表 3-7 「個人特質預試量表」項目分析摘要表……………. ..66 表 3-8 個人特質因素分析摘要表………………………… .....68 表 3-9 「個人特質因素」信度分析摘要表 …………………...70 表 3-10 「受凌因素預試量表」項目分析摘要 表 …………..71 表 3-11 受凌因素分析摘要表 …………………………………72 表 3-12 「受凌因素」信度分析摘要表 ……………………….74 表 4-1 國中生人口背景現況分析表 ………………………….77 表 4-2 國中生人口背景個人描述現況分析表………………….79 表 4-3 不同性別國中學生知覺之受凌因素分析摘要表……….80 表 4-4 不同就讀年級國中學生知覺之受凌因素分析摘要表….81 表 4-5 不同學業成績國中學生知覺之受凌因素分析摘要表.....82 表 4-6 不同家庭狀況國中學生知覺之受凌因素分析摘要表.....83 表 4-7 不同個人描述學生知覺之個體受凌分析摘要表(一) ….85 表 4-8 不同個人描述學生知覺之個體受凌分析摘要表(二) ….86 表 4-9 不同個人描述學生知覺之個體受凌分析摘要表(三) ….87 表 4-10 不同個人描述學生知覺之個體受凌分析摘要表(四) ….88 表 4-11 不同個人描述學生知覺之個體受凌分析摘要表(五) ….89 表 4-12 不同個人描述學生知覺之個體受凌分析摘要表(六) ….90 表 4-13 不同個人描述學生知覺之個體受凌分析摘要表(七) ….91 表 4-14 不同個人描述受凌分析總表 …………………….……92 表 4-15 個人特質與受凌因素之相關分析摘要表……………….93 圖目錄 圖 3-1 研究架構 .........................................................................46 圖 3-2 研究流程圖 .....................................................................47

Cette étude longitudinale visait à vérifier si les traits de personnalité (selon le modèle en cinq facteurs, « Big Five ») au début de l’adolescence (12-13 ans) permettent de prédire les symptômes intériorisés deux ans plus tard (14-15 ans), en contrôlant pour le niveau initial de symptômes intériorisés ainsi que l’influence de plusieurs facteurs de risque connus. Les données employées proviennent d’une étude longitudinale prospective. L’échantillon compte 1036 adolescents provenant de huit écoles secondaires québécoises. Les adolescents ont répondu à un questionnaire autorévélé. Des modèles d’équations structurales ont d’abord démontré la pertinence de conceptualiser les symptômes intériorisés comme une variable latente. D’autres modèles ont démontré que certains traits de personnalité prédisent effectivement les symptômes intériorisés ultérieurs. Cependant, contrairement aux études effectuées auprès d’adultes, le rôle de la Stabilité émotionnelle et de l’Extraversion n’est pas significatif après que l’influence de facteurs de risque connus et du sexe ait été contrôlée. Ce sont plutôt le Contrôle et l’Amabilité qui sont significativement reliés aux symptômes intériorisés ultérieurs dans la présente étude. Les résultats soulignent également le rôle important des facteurs de risque liés aux relations avec les pairs. Finalement, des modèles d’équations structurales multi-groupes ont mis en évidence des différences sexuelles significatives dans les relations prédictives. Cette étude confirme que les traits de personnalité des adolescents peuvent jouer un rôle dans le développement des symptômes intériorisés, ce qui leur confère une pertinence théorique et clinique. / The goal of this longitudinal study was to determine if personality traits (according to the Big Five model) in early adolescence (12-13 years old) can predict internalizing symptoms two years later (14-15 years old), after controlling for the initial level of internalizing symptoms and the influence of various known risk factors. Data came from a prospective longitudinal study. The sample includes 1036 adolescents from eight high schools in the province of Quebec. Adolescents filled a self-reported questionnaire. Structural equation models first confirmed that internalizing symptoms can be conceptualized as a latent variable. Other models showed that some personality traits do predict subsequent internalizing symptoms. However, unlike adult studies, the role of Emotional stability and Extraversion is not significant after controlling for known risk factors and gender. In this study, it is rather Conscientiousness and Agreeableness which are significantly related to subsequent internalizing symptoms. Indeed, a low level of Conscientiousness and a high level of Agreeableness are significantly related to subsequent internalizing symptoms among adolescents. The results also confirmed the important role of peer relationships factors. Finally, multiple-group structural equation models showed significant gender-specific predictive relations. This study confirms that adolescents’ personality traits can play a role in the development of internalizing symptoms, which supports their relevance for both theory and clinical practice.

本研究為探討幼兒教師人格特質、情緒智力與幼兒情緒能力之研究。目的為：一、了解幼兒教師人格特質、情緒智力及幼兒情緒能力之現況；二、分析幼兒教師不同背景變項（年齡、學歷、服務年資、婚姻狀況）在其人格特質、情緒智力之差異情形；三、分析幼兒不同背景變項（年齡、性別）在其情緒能力之差異情形；探究幼兒教師人格特質、情緒智力與幼兒情緒能力三者之相關情形；四、探究幼兒教師人格特質、情緒智力對幼兒情緒能力之預測力。 本研究以相關文獻及問卷「幼稚園教師人格特質問卷」、「臺灣地區幼稚園教師職場情緒智力量表」、「幼兒情緒能力發展量表」為研究工具探討。以分層隨機抽樣自臺北市12個行政區抽取研究對象，共計156位幼兒教師、422位4至6歲幼兒。依問卷所得資料以平均數、標準差、T檢定、Pearson積差相關、單因子變異數分析、多元逐步迴歸分析進行資料處理與分析。本研究主要結論如下： 壹、臺北市幼兒教師人格特質為正向，「謹慎負責性」最高；教師情緒智力偏中高， 「教保情緒表達」最佳；幼兒情緒能力佳，「情緒的覺察與辨識」最佳。 貳、臺北市幼兒教師「年齡越高、研究所畢業、已婚者」，在人格特質、情緒智力表 現較佳，「服務年資5年（含）以下」者則表現較差。 參、臺北市幼兒情緒能力，以「6足歲(含)以上」、「女性」幼兒最佳。 肆、臺北市幼兒教師人格特質「謹慎負責性、開放經驗性」與幼兒情緒能力有顯著正 相關；而教師人格特質的「外向性、情緒穩定度」則與幼兒情緒能力有顯著負相 關。 伍、臺北市幼兒教師情緒智力的「教保社交技巧」與幼兒情緒能力的「情緒的表達」 有顯著正相關、和幼兒情緒能力的「情緒的調適」有顯著負相關。 陸、臺北市幼兒教師人格特質與情緒智力之構面間有顯著正、負相關。 柒、臺北市幼兒教師人格特質、情緒智力對幼兒情緒能力具有預測力。

Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is the role of the Industrial Psychologist and the Human Resources function within a company to contribute positively to an organisation’s competitive advantage. Human capital should be viewed and managed as a critical success factor within this context. The probability of attaining success over competitors could be addressed through focussing on the impact of employee performance on competitive advantage. With reference to the organisational life cycle, the e-commerce industry in South Africa seems to be in its infancy. It is in this stage when attaining high levels of performance from employees is of critical importance. In this lies the key for building and growing a competitive advantage that would set one organisation apart from the other – where one organisation would survive the infancy stage and another would drown in the quest to match the demands posed by the relevant industry and its customers. There is minimal Industrial or Organisational Psychology research that has tested hypotheses in the e-commerce industry. This contributed to the decision to implement this research in the e-commerce industry. The e-commerce industry is growing rapidly, and performance therefore is a key factor for success in any e-commerce company in South Africa. The focus of this study was to review the Job Demands Resources model (JD-R model) within the e-commerce retail industry in South Africa in order to add to the knowledge base regarding human behaviour at work, with specific reference to engagement, burnout and performance. The research question of the study was formulated regarding which “state of wellbeing” would increase performance. The JD-R model makes provision for evaluating this question in a structured manner. The JD-R model indicates that performance is influenced by work engagement/burnout (wellbeing). It also indicates that there are certain job demands, job resources and personal resources that will influence wellbeing. The study was facilitated through the use of an ex post facto correlational research design. A sample of 117 workers was chosen from the e-commerce retail industry to participate in the study. Participation was voluntary, the data was collected specifically for the purpose of this study, and all responses were treated confidentially. The measurements that were used included key performance indicators (KPIs), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), the Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey (MBI-GS), the Job Characteristics Scale, and the HEXACO model. The literature review formed a logical argument that culminated in a theoretical Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za iii model as well as a set of hypotheses with reference to the various dimensions in the JD-R model. The results showed that: a) Engagement has a significant positive influence on performance. b) Job resources (advancement, personal growth and organisational support) have a significant positive influence on engagement. c) Job resources (advancement, personal growth and organisational support) have a significant negative influence on burnout. d) Personal resources (extraversion) have a significant negative influence on burnout. e) Personal resources (conscientiousness) have a significant positive influence on engagement. f) Personal resources (agreeableness) have a significant negative influence on burnout. The following hypotheses were not supported: a) Burnout has a significant negative influence on performance. b) Personal resources (extraversion) have a significant positive influence on engagement. c) Personal resources (emotionality) have a significant positive influence on engagement. d) Personal resources (emotionality) have a significant negative influence on burnout. e) Personal resources (conscientiousness) have a significant negative influence on burnout. f) Personal resources (agreeableness) have a significant positive influence on engagement. g) Job demands (job overload) have a significant negative influence on engagement. h) Job demands (job overload) have a significant positive influence on burnout. i) Job demands (job insecurity) have a significant negative influence on engagement. j) Job demands (job insecurity) have a significant positive influence on burnout. Attention was also paid to future research considerations, recommendations to the managers of employees and to the limitations of the study. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is die rol van die Bedryfsielkundige en die Menslike Hulpbronne funksie in maatskappye om 'n positiewe bydrae tot 'n organisasie se mededingende voordeel te maak. Menslike kapitaal moet beskou en bestuur word as ‘n kritiese sukses faktor in hierdie konteks. Die waarskynlikheid om sukses bo die kompetisie te behaal kan aangespreek word deur om fokus te plaas op die impak wat werknemersprestasie het op mededingings voordeel. Met verwysing na die organisatoriese lewenssiklus blyk die e-handelbedryf in Suid-Afrika om in sy beginstadium te wees. Dit is in hierdie stadium waar die bereiking van hoë vlakke van prestasie van werknemers van kritieke belang is. Hierin lê die sleutel vir die vordering en groei van 'n mededingende voordeel van een maatskappy bo ‘n ander - waar die een organisasie die beginstadium sou oorleef en die ander onder die druk van die versoeke/eise van die betrokke bedryf en sy kliënte sou swyk. Daar is ‘n beperkte hoeveelheid navorsing wat gevind kon word in die veld van Bedryfsielkunde wat hipoteses in die e-handelbedryf toets. Hierdie bevinding het bygedra tot die besluit om hierdie navorsingstudie oor die e-handelbedryf voort te sit. Die e-handelbedryf toon vinnige groei, en prestasie is dus tans 'n belangrike faktor vir sukses in enige e-handelmaatskappy in Suid-Afrika. Die fokus van hierdie navorsingstudie was om die “Job Demands Resources model (JD-R model)” in die e-kleinhandelbedryf in Suid-Afrika toe te pas om sodoende by te dra tot die huidige kennis beskikbaar ten opsigte van menslike gedrag by die werk, met spesifieke verwysing na werksbegeestering, uitbranding en prestasie. Die navorsingsvraag van die navorsingstudie is geformuleer rondom die aanname dat die "toestand van welsyn" prestasievlakke sal verhoog. Die primêre doel van die navorsingstudie was om deur middel van die toepassing van die JD-R model in die e-kleinhandelbedryf, by te dra tot die beskikbare kennis ten opsigte van menslike gedrag by die werk, met spesifieke verwysing na werksbetrokkenheid, uitbranding en prestasie. Die JD-R model maak op 'n gestruktureerde wyse voorsiening vir die evaluering van hierdie verhoudings. Die JD-R model dui aan dat prestasie beïnvloed word deur werksbetrokkenheid/uitbranding (welsyn). Dit dui ook dat daar sekere werksvereistes, werkshulpbronne en persoonlike hulpbronne is wat welstand beïnvloed. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za v Die navorsingstudie is gefasiliteer deur die gebruik van 'n ex post facto korrelasie-ontwerp. 'n Steekproef van 117 werkers is uit die e-kleinhandelbedryf gekies om aan die studie deel te neem. Deelname was vrywillig, die data is spesifiek ingesamel vir die doel van hierdie navorsingstudie en alle data is as vertroulik hanteer. Die volgende metingsinstrumente is gebruik: kern prestasie aanwysers (KPA’s), die Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), die Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey (MBI-GS), die Job Characteristics Scale, en die HEXACO model. Die literatuuroorsig vorm 'n logiese argument wat lei tot 'n teoretiese model, sowel as 'n stel hipoteses met verwysing na die verskillende dimensies soos gevind in die JD-R model. Die resultate toon: a) Werksbetrokkenheid het ‘n beduidende positiewe invloed op prestasie. b) Werkshulpbronne (bevordering, persoonlike groei en organisatoriese ondersteuning) het ‘n beduidende positiewe invloed op werksbetrokkenheid. c) Werkshulpbronne (bevordering, persoonlike groei en organisatoriese ondersteuning) het ‘n beduidende negatiewe invloed op uitbranding. d) Persoonlike hulpbronne (ekstroversie) het ‘n beduidende negatiewe invloed op uitbranding. e) Persoonlike hulpbronne (pligsgetrouheid) het ‘n beduidende positiewe invloed op werksbetrokkenheid. f) Persoonlike hulpbronne (eenstemmigheid) het ‘n beduidende negatiewe invloed op uitbranding. Die volgende hipoteses was nie aanvaar nie: a) Uitbranding het ‘n beduidende negatiewe invloed op prestasie. b) Persoonlike hulpbronne (ekstroversie) het ‘n beduidende positiewe invloed op werksbetrokkenheid. c) Persoonlike hulpbronne (emosionaliteit) het ‘n beduidende positiewe invloed op werksbetrokkenheid. d) Persoonlike hulpbronne (emosionaliteit) het ‘n beduidende negatiewe invloed op uitbranding. e) Persoonlike hulpbronne (pligsgetrouheid) het ‘n beduidende negatiewe invloed op uitbranding. f) Persoonlike hulpbronne (eenstemmigheid) het ‘n beduidende positiewe invloed op werksbetrokkenheid. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za vi g) Werksvereistes (oorlading) het ‘n beduidende negatiewe invloed op werksbetrokkenheid. h) Werksvereistes (oorlading) het ‘n beduidende positiewe invloed op uitbranding. i) Werksvereistes (werkonsekerheid) het ‘n beduidende negatiewe invloed op werksbetrokkenheid. j) Werksvereistes (werkonsekerheid) het ‘n beduidende positiewe invloed op uitbranding. Aandag is ook geskenk aan toekomstige navorsings oorwegings, aanbevelings aan die bestuurders van werknemers asook aan die beperkinge van die navorsinstudie.

This research deals with personality and biographical factors in absenteeism. The literature review looks at personality traits and absenteeism. The following question must then be asked: Can the construct ”personality” be analysed and described within the context of the work environment, and can the relationship between personality, biographical factors and absenteeism be studied empirically. The empirical study focuses on measuring the relationship between personality and absenteeism. The construct ”personality” is presented within the dimensional or trait perspective. The empirical investigation is presented within the functionalistic paradigm (quantitative approach). The chosen measuring instrument, namely, the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF SA 92) was administered by means of a random sample to 72 Aviation Security Officers. The reliability of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire was determined using the Cronbach Alpha coefficient method. To determine if personality is a predictor of absenteeism, stepwise regression analysis was done. The results indicate that the degree (category) of absenteeism is associated only with marital status and number of dependants. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Comm. (Industrial Psychology)

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2016-09-02T18:52:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Vaz Abeche.pdf: 1568643 bytes, checksum: 7c69ae241aeb6cb4940c29f00f7a5949 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-02T18:52:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Vaz Abeche.pdf: 1568643 bytes, checksum: 7c69ae241aeb6cb4940c29f00f7a5949 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-27 / There is a consensus in the literature that the experience of sexual abuse in childhood leads to a series of consequences, both physical and psychological, to the victims. The scenario of violence against children and adolescents is increasing in contemporary society, becoming a public health problem, so the need for a closer look of professional and public policy development for both the prevention of such cases to the treatment of their problems arising. In children, there is an association of increased behavioral and psychological problems which may extend the period until adulthood. Other studies emphasize changes in brain areas and relate to the emergence of mental disorders in the population of child victims of sexual violence, among other types of violence. The aim of this study was to verify the presence of personality traits, developed parenting styles and cognitive performance, specifically executive functions in children with a history of sexual abuse. We evaluated 62 children and adolescents (32 with a history of sexual abuse and 30 without), and the average age abuse group of members is 11.7 years old and their mostly divorced parents, unlike the control group, in which the parents are mostly married. The method consisted of sociodemographic questionnaire, neuropsychological tests assessing executive functions (Wisconsin Card Sortint Test, figures Ray and WISC III - Similarities, Picture Arrangement, Understanding, cubes, digits and Vocabulary), Personality Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (EPQ-J) and Parental Styles Inventory (IEP). There were no significant results between abuse and executive functions, both in the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Third Edition (WISC-III) subtests and in Wisconsin; but the group showed significantly lower data in the memory of Complex Figure Rey. Regarding the EPQ-J, the results showed higher levels of neuroticism, which can be associated with symptoms of depression, and had lower rates in extroversion, bringing potential difficulties in social relations. Regarding parenting styles, the group presented difficulties and losses in the perceptions of parents, especially in relation to the parent, which is the biggest abuser statistically. The data showed a correlation between neuroticism and vocabulary, parenting styles and vocabulary, and neuroticism and parenting styles. The importance of further studies with the male audience was observed, so that they can be elucidated more comprehensively the issues of sexual abuse and their interference in the neuropsychological aspects, Parenting Styles and Personality Traits, since most of the studies is related the female audience. The development of public policies for the specific care of the male audience is necessary that suffer abuse, and that the health professional is prepared to help, strengthening the psychological and emotional aspects / Há um consenso na literatura de que a vivência do abuso sexual na infância ocasiona uma série de consequências, tanto físicas quanto psicológicas, às vítimas. O cenário de violência contra crianças e adolescentes está cada vez mais frequente na sociedade contemporânea, tornando-se um problema de saúde pública, de modo a ser necessário um olhar mais atento dos profissionais e elaboração de políticas públicas tanto para a prevenção dos casos como para o tratamento dos problemas deles decorrentes. Nas crianças, há uma associação do aumento de problemas comportamentais e psicológicos, que podem se estender até o período da idade adulta. Outros estudos enfatizam alterações em áreas cerebrais e as relacionam com o surgimento de transtornos mentais na população de crianças vítimas de violência sexual, dentre outros tipos de violência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a presença de traços de personalidade, os estilos parentais desenvolvidos e o desempenho cognitivo, especificamente as funções executivas, em meninos com histórico de abuso sexual. Foram avaliadas 62 crianças e adolescentes (32 com histórico de abuso sexual e 30 sem), sendo que no grupo de abuso a idade média dos integrantes é de 11,7 anos de idade e seus genitores majoritariamente divorciados, diferentemente do grupo controle, no qual os genitores são, na maior parte, casados. O método constou de questionário sociodemográfico, testes neuropsicológicos que avaliam as funções executivas (Wisconsin Card Sortint Test, Figuras de Ray e Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Crianças - Terceira Edição (WISC-III)- Semelhanças, Arranjo de Figuras, Compreensão, Cubos, Dígitos e Vocabulário), Questionário de Personalidade para Crianças e Adolescentes (EPQ-J) e Inventário de Estilos Parentais (IEP). Não houve resultados significativos entre o abuso e as funções executivas, tanto nos subtestes dos Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Crianças - Terceira Edição (WISC-III) quanto no do Wisconsin; porém o grupo apresentou dados significativamente menores na memória do Figuras Complexas de Rey. Com relação ao EPQ-J, os resultados demonstraram maiores índices de neuroticismo, os quais podem ser associados com sintomas de depressão, e apresentaram menores índices em extroversão, trazendo possíveis dificuldades nas relações sociais. Com relação aos estilos parentais, o grupo apresentou dificuldades e prejuízos nas percepções sobre os genitores, especialmente com relação ao genitor, que é o maior abusador estatisticamente. Os dados mostraram uma correlação entre neuroticismo e vocabulário, estilos parentais e vocabulário, e neuroticismo e estilos parentais. Observou-se a importância de maiores estudos com o público masculino, para que possam ser elucidadas, de forma mais abrangente, as questões de abuso sexual e suas interferências nos aspectos neuropsicológicos, estilos parentais e traços de personalidade, visto que a maior parte dos estudos é relacionada ao público feminino. É necessário o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para o atendimento específico do público masculino que sofre abuso, e que o profissional da saúde esteja preparado para ajudar, fortalecendo os aspectos psíquicos e emocionais.

Notre travail de thèse porte sur les troubles du langage et de la pensée rencontrés chez des personnes souffrant de trouble bipolaire mais aussi, à un moindre degré, chez des personnes présentant des traits de personnalité hypomaniaque. Afin d’explorer les processus sémantiques qui sous-tendent ces troubles, nous avons réalisé plusieurs études à l’aide d’une tâche de résolution d’ambiguïté sémantique couplée à l’enregistrement de l’activité cérébrale (EEG et IRMf) afin de repérer des marqueurs nous aidant à la compréhension des mécanismes sous-tendant l’expression clinique ou sub-clinique de certains symptômes du trouble bipolaire.Nos travaux montrent des difficultés d’inhibition sémantique dans les deux populations qui se traduisent, sur le plan électrophysiologique, par une réduction de l’amplitude de la composante N400 en condition d’inhibition sémantique, corrélée au score de Vitalité Sociale (traits de personnalité hypomaniaque) en population générale et au score d’hypomanie chez les patients bipolaires. Des activations cérébrales sont également corrélées à la présence de traits de personnalité hypomaniaque au niveau du gyrus frontal supérieur et du lobule pariétal inférieur. Ces régions sont activées également chez les patients bipolaires comparativement au groupe contrôle, ainsi que d’autres régions fronto-temporales latéralisées à droite. Nos résultats vont dans le sens d’une modification du processus d’inhibition sémantique observable chez les patients bipolaires et dès la présence de traits de personnalité hypomaniaque. Nos travaux, associés à la littérature, nous suggèrent que les modulations de la composante N400 ou que les activations fronto-pariéto-temporales retrouvées pourraient être des marqueurs transnosographiques correspondant à la dimension clinique des troubles du langage et de la pensée dans le cadre du spectre bipolaire, mais également dans d’autres pathologies telles que les troubles du spectre de la schizophrénie. / Our thesis explores the underlying mechanisms of thought and language disorders commonly observed in patients suffering from bipolar disorder, but also to a lesser degree, in people with hypomanic personality traits. To explore the underlying semantic processes, we conducted four studies with a semantic ambiguity resolution task coupled with event-related potentials recording and fMRI. Our aim was to identify biomarkers for a better comprehension of clinical or subclinical symptoms associated with bipolar disorder.Through our studies, we have shown difficulties to handle semantic inhibition in the two explored populations with, at an electrophysiological level, a reduced N400 amplitude during semantic inhibition process, correlated to Social Vitality score (hypomanic personality traits) in non-clinic population, and to hypomania score in bipolar patients. In the fMRI studies, activations of the superior frontal gyrus and of the inferior parietal lobule were correlated to hypomanic traits and were also found in bipolar patients when compared to the control group. Supplementary right fronto-temporal activations were observed in bipolar patients. Our results imply an impairment of the semantic inhibition process already present in people with bipolar disorders and people with hypomanic traits. These results combined with the existing literature suggest that N400 modulations and fronto-temporo-parietal activations found might be transnosographic biomarkers of thought and language disorders, in bipolar spectrum disorders but also in other disorders like schizophrenia spectrum disorders.