This dissertation is focused on developing a new passband behavioral model in order to account for asymmetric intermodulation distortion resulted from memory effect. First, a measurement setup is prepared to measure the AM/AM, AM/PM distortion, magnitudes and the phases of intermodulation (IMD) and fundamental (FUND) components which are created by the amplifier where phase is calculated only by measuring magnitudes. Then, responses of a sample amplifier are measured for different excitation situations (center frequency and tone spacing are swept). A new modeling technique, namely Odd Order Modeling (OOM), is proposed which has unequal time delay terms. The reason of unequal time delay addition is the change of effective channel length according to the average power passing through that channel. These unequal delays create asymmetry in the IMD components. General Power Series Expansion (GPSE) model is also extracted, OOM and GPSE model performances are compared by using NMSE metric. In order to improve model performance, even order terms with envelope of input are added. It is mathematically proven that even order terms with envelope of the input have contribution to IMD and FUND components&rsquo / . This improved version of modeling is named as Even Order modeling (EOM). EOM model performance is compared with the others&rsquo / performance for two-tone excitation measurement results. It is shown that EOM gives the most accurate result. Model performance is checked for unequal four-tone signal as well. EOM model is applied to baseband DPD circuit after making some modifications. Model linearization performance is compared with the performances of the other memory polynomial modeling techniques.

Revision of Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1976. / "The Convention of Peking, 1898": p. [191]-193. Includes bibliographical references (p. [242]-256) and index.

Revision of Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1976. / "The Convention of Peking, 1898": p. [191]-193. Includes bibliographical references (p. [242]-256) and index.

Este trabalho estuda a política de humanização implementada no estado do Amazonas. Para fazer este percurso utiliza-se uma abordagem ampla, acerca dos processos sociais, econômicos e políticos ocorridos no sistema capitalista, que mudam a tônica do discurso sobre o papel do Estado na provisão de bens e serviços sociais para a sociedade e que impactam diretamente na seguridade social brasileira e em especial, a política de saúde. Ao mesmo tempo, se faz uma breve discussão sobre as desigualdades regionais engendradas no país, à luz da teoria do desenvolvimento desigual e combinado, trazendo alguns elementos sobre o federalismo a fim de enriquecer o debate. Então, o panorama da saúde no Amazonas é abordado, pensando-o em suas várias dimensões e procurando dar ênfase ao orçamento da saúde, para analisar a política de humanização que implementada no estado. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada por meio de dezoito entrevistas semi-estruturadas com pessoas consideradas chave no processo, como Apoiadores, Multiplicadores da Política Nacional de Humanização (PNH), os Conselheiros de Saúde dos níveis Estadual e Municipal, além de trabalhadores ligados ao projeto Amigos da Saúde. Também foram utilizados relatórios do Tribunal de Contas do Estado (TCE), para a análise do orçamento estadual da saúde, os relatórios de gestão da Secretaria Executiva do Ministério da Saúde, o Plano Estadual de Saúde do Amazonas e os relatórios do município, sobre a política de humanização, e do projeto Amigos da Saúde. Desta forma, a questão que permeia este trabalho é: que tipo de política de humanização está sendo implementada, visando que tipo de política de saúde? / The present work studies the humanization policy implemented in the State of Amazonas. To pursue this objective, a broad approach is taken, concerning the social, economic and political processes in the capitalist system that changed the speech thematic over the States role in the provision of social services and goods to the society, and that directly impact in the Brazilian social security, specially, the health policy. At the same time, a study of the countrys regional inequalities, using the unequal and combined development theory, is done, bringing some elements of the federalism study, to enhance the debate. Then, the outlook of the health system in Amazonas is studied, considering its multiple dimensions and emphasizing its health system budget, to analyze the humanization policy implemented in the State. The field research was done throughout eighteen semi-structured interviews with key participants, such as: Supporters, PNH Multipliers, City and State Health Council Members and Amigos da Saúde project workers. Several documents were studied: Health Ministry Executive Secretary Reports, Amazonas Health Plan and Manaus reports, concerning humanization policy and Amigos da Saúde Project. The State Court of Auditors reports were also studied to analyze Amazonas health budgets. Therefore, the question that pervades the present work is: what kind of humanization policy is being implemented, seeking what kind of health policy?

Malgré l’hétérogénéité qu’une classe de FLE peut représenter, il existe un élément communément partagé par les apprenants coréens et japonais et ce, quels que soient le niveau, leur spécialité d’études ou encore la durée de leur séjour en France, à savoir le sentiment de ne pas bien ou suffisamment bien parler le français. Ce constat et l’insécurité qu’il occasionne sont souvent basés sur des critères subjectifs, découlant de l’idée associée à un type de français idéalisé ainsi que de l’objectif d’apprentissage qu’ils sont censés atteindre. Mais cette dépréciation et l’auto-dépréciation qu’elle entraîne quant à leur niveau de français peuvent également être engendrées par les attitudes des locuteurs autochtones qui leur font ressentir leur lacune, ceci pouvant finir au demeurant, par un sentiment de malaise à des degrés plus ou moins variés, notamment selon leur vécu communicatif avec ces derniers. A partir du moment où leurs expériences communicatives sont marquées par un jugement dépréciatif répétitif à l’égard de leur français, l’auto-dépréciation renforcée par une hétéro-dépréciation finit par générer un malaise certain qui se transforme peu à peu en une sorte d’agent défavorisant qui tirerait sa force d’un apprentissage du français aux résultats contestés. Même si les deux publics partagent une attitude linguistique dépréciative, des normes communicationnelles ou encore un dispositif linguistique semblables, les enquêtes dévoilent que les caractéristiques du malaise ressenti par les apprenants coréens ne sont pas toujours similaires à celles des apprenants japonais, puisque leurs français n’est pas appréhendé de la même manière par les interlocuteurs autochtones français. / Despite the existing heterogeneity in the class of “French as a foreign language”, there is an element shared by both Korean and Japanese learners, regardless of their study level, field of study, or the duration of their stay in France : a common feeling of not being able to speak French well enough. That observation and the resulting insecurity it causes are often based on subjective criteria, resulting from the idea of an idealized French as well as the learning goals they are supposed to reach. But this depreciation and self-depreciation can also be caused by the attitudes of native speakers which make the learners feel their weakness. From the moment their communicative experiences are marked by a repetitive disparaging judgment towards their French, self-depreciation reinforced by hetero-depreciation eventually generates some discomfort which gradually transforms itself into a kind of a penalizing agent that would take its strength from learning French with questionable results. Even if both public shares a similar depreciative linguistic attitude, communicative standards or similar linguistic dispositions, investigations show that the characteristic unease felt by Korean learners is not always similar to that felt by Japanese learners, as their French is not apprehended in the same way by French native speakers.

Landscape management is often referred to as a holistic concept, which deals with large-scale processes and multidisciplinary manners in regards to natural resource use with ecological and livelihood considerations. Seen in this light, landscape transformation should be understood within the context of the human-nature relationship, viewing human activities and their institutions as an essential part of the system rather than as external agents. When it comes to the landscape planning and management related to cotton farming in Gujarat, there has been diversity of interest groups such as local communities, governments, corporations and non-governmental organisations. In the present study, I examine two case studies of cotton production pertaining to the Gujarat region in order to study the opportunities and challenges faced by local farmers in the process of developing agriculture. In the first case study on Cotton Improvement Program in the nineteenth century, I highlight the socioecological consequences of the colonial cotton project and how it relates to the social dynamics of networks and agricultural landscape management. The second case study examines current debates regarding the social, economic and environmental impacts of genetically modified (GM) cotton on India’s social and natural landscape. This thesis emphasises that there are recursive motifs between the two case studies in terms of the local resistances, power relations and possible environmental effects, which can be explained through the state of ‘global core’ and ‘periphery’, and partly the framework of ecologically unequal exchange. The analysis of recurring patterns concludes that exploring the narratives of local experiences offers a number of significant details that show complex power dynamics manifested through constant struggles and resistances by ‘peripheral agent’.

Este trabalho estuda a política de humanização implementada no estado do Amazonas. Para fazer este percurso utiliza-se uma abordagem ampla, acerca dos processos sociais, econômicos e políticos ocorridos no sistema capitalista, que mudam a tônica do discurso sobre o papel do Estado na provisão de bens e serviços sociais para a sociedade e que impactam diretamente na seguridade social brasileira e em especial, a política de saúde. Ao mesmo tempo, se faz uma breve discussão sobre as desigualdades regionais engendradas no país, à luz da teoria do desenvolvimento desigual e combinado, trazendo alguns elementos sobre o federalismo a fim de enriquecer o debate. Então, o panorama da saúde no Amazonas é abordado, pensando-o em suas várias dimensões e procurando dar ênfase ao orçamento da saúde, para analisar a política de humanização que implementada no estado. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada por meio de dezoito entrevistas semi-estruturadas com pessoas consideradas chave no processo, como Apoiadores, Multiplicadores da Política Nacional de Humanização (PNH), os Conselheiros de Saúde dos níveis Estadual e Municipal, além de trabalhadores ligados ao projeto Amigos da Saúde. Também foram utilizados relatórios do Tribunal de Contas do Estado (TCE), para a análise do orçamento estadual da saúde, os relatórios de gestão da Secretaria Executiva do Ministério da Saúde, o Plano Estadual de Saúde do Amazonas e os relatórios do município, sobre a política de humanização, e do projeto Amigos da Saúde. Desta forma, a questão que permeia este trabalho é: que tipo de política de humanização está sendo implementada, visando que tipo de política de saúde? / The present work studies the humanization policy implemented in the State of Amazonas. To pursue this objective, a broad approach is taken, concerning the social, economic and political processes in the capitalist system that changed the speech thematic over the States role in the provision of social services and goods to the society, and that directly impact in the Brazilian social security, specially, the health policy. At the same time, a study of the countrys regional inequalities, using the unequal and combined development theory, is done, bringing some elements of the federalism study, to enhance the debate. Then, the outlook of the health system in Amazonas is studied, considering its multiple dimensions and emphasizing its health system budget, to analyze the humanization policy implemented in the State. The field research was done throughout eighteen semi-structured interviews with key participants, such as: Supporters, PNH Multipliers, City and State Health Council Members and Amigos da Saúde project workers. Several documents were studied: Health Ministry Executive Secretary Reports, Amazonas Health Plan and Manaus reports, concerning humanization policy and Amigos da Saúde Project. The State Court of Auditors reports were also studied to analyze Amazonas health budgets. Therefore, the question that pervades the present work is: what kind of humanization policy is being implemented, seeking what kind of health policy?

In today’s dynamic environment, where product demands are highly volatile and unstable, the ability to design and operate manufacturing facilities that are robust with respect to uncertainty and variability is becoming increasingly important to the success of any manufacturing firm in order to operate effectively in such an environment. Hence manufacturing facilities must be able to exhibit high levels of robustness and stability in order to deal with changing market demands. In general, Facility Layout Problem (FLP) is concerned with the allocation of the departments or machines in a facility with an objective to minimize the total material handling cost (MHC) of moving the required materials between pairs of departments. Most FLP approaches assume the flow between departments is deterministic, certain and constant over the entire time planning horizon. Changes in product demand and product mix in a dynamic environment invalidate these assumptions. Therefore there is a need for stochastic FLP approaches that aim to assess the impact of uncertainty and accommodate any possible changes in future product demands.This research focuses on stochastic FLP with an objective to present a methodology in the form of a framework that allows the layout designer to incorporate uncertainty in product demands into the design of a facility. In order to accomplish this objective, a measure of impact of this uncertainty is required. Two solution methods for single and multi period stochastic FLPs are presented to quantify the impact of product demand uncertainty to facility layout designs in terms of robustness (MHC) and variability (standard deviation). In the first method, a hybrid (simulation) approach which considers the development of a simulation model and integration of this model with the VIPPLANOPT 2006 algorithm is presented. In the second method, mathematical formulations of analytic robust and stable indices are developed along with the use of VIPPLANOPT for solution procedure. Several case studies are developed along with numerical examples and case studies from the literature are used to demonstrate the proposed methodology and the application of the two methods to address different aspects of stochastic FLP both analytically and via the simulation method. Through experimentation, the proposed framework with solution approaches has proven to be effective in evaluating the robustness and stability of facility layout designs with practical assumptions such as deletion and expansion of departments in a stochastic environment and in applying the analysis results of the analytic and simulation indices to reduce the impact of errors and make better decisions

This study is centered in the ideologic speech of the implied development in the public politics of regional development of Northeast. To be apprehended in the contradictory relationships of the capital space. In this way, the economical growth is understood as nucleus founder of this ideology. As initial reflection, the fundamental presuppositions of the development are retaken, investigating the possibility of balance of the world capitalist economy through the overcoming of the disagreements of the underdevelopment. It was investigated with base in the reading of the social thought on the Northeast, the functional sense of the regional subject for the insert of that area in the capital circuit. The understanding of the speech of the development starting from 1980 addressed a reflection on the historical-social process that makes the World Bank the key institution of the structural adjustment and its transmitter paper of the ideology of the maintainable local development expressed in the use of the territory for the capitalist exploration as manifestation of the regional development. It was verified, with base in field research, the registration of the public politics financed by the Programa de Combate à Pobreza Rural in the states of Ceará, Pernambuco and Sergipe, while condition of appropriation of the territory in the use of the poverty as useful rhetoric to the continuity of the production model. Engendered by the mundialization of capital, the local dimension brings the dynamic character of the territory, sustained in the idea of latent potentiality. The places become interesting, attractive and useful to the accumulation and guarantee the capital mobility. The speech of the development, far away from being a subject of the illusory character while accomplishing an important ideological function: the legitimation of capitalist production relationships that operates the differences, or, in other words, drive the poverty production. Starting from the inclusion of the speech path of the development for the Northeast in socialmetabolic relationships of the capital, Geography has, in its role, the paper of watching the unequal and combined character of the development, corroborating for the elucidation and overcoming the contradictions. / Este estudo está centrado na ideologia do discurso do desenvolvimento subentendido nas políticas públicas de desenvolvimento regional para o Nordeste, a ser apreendida nas relações contraditórias do espaço do capital. Neste sentido, compreende-se o crescimento econômico como núcleo fundante desta ideologia. Como reflexões iniciais retomam-se os pressupostos fundamentais do desenvolvimento, indagando a possibilidade de equilíbrio da economia capitalista mundial por meio da superação dos desajustes do subdesenvolvimento. Investigou-se com base na leitura do pensamento social sobre o Nordeste, o sentido funcional da questão regional para a inserção dessa região no circuito do capital. A compreensão do discurso do desenvolvimento a partir dos anos 1980 direcionou uma reflexão sobre o processo histórico-social que faz do Banco Mundial a instituição chave do ajuste estrutural e o seu papel veiculador da ideologia do desenvolvimento local sustentável expressa no uso do território para a exploração capitalista como manifestação do desenvolvimento regional. Buscou-se verificar, com base em pesquisa de campo, a inscrição das políticas públicas financiadas pelo Programa de Combate à Pobreza Rural (PCPR) nos estados do Ceará, Pernambuco e Sergipe, enquanto condição de apropriação do território no uso da pobreza como retórica útil à continuidade do modelo de produção. Engendrada pela mundialização do capital, a dimensão local traz o caráter dinâmico do território, sustentado na idéia de potencialidade latente. Os lugares se tornam interessantes, atrativos e úteis à acumulação e garantem mobilidade ao capital. O discurso do desenvolvimento, longe de ser uma questão da promoção do bem-estar da sociedade, mostra o seu caráter ilusório ao cumprir uma importante função ideológica: a legitimação das relações de produção capitalistas que operam as diferenças, ou, em outras palavras, dirigem a produção da pobreza. A partir da inclusão da trajetória do discurso do desenvolvimento para o Nordeste nas relações sociometabólicas do capital, a Geografia tem, por seu turno, o papel de desvelar o caráter desigual e combinado do desenvolvimento, corroborando para a elucidação e superação das contradições.

Modelos com erros de medição têm recebido a atenção de vários pesquisadores das mais diversas áreas de conhecimento. O principal objetivo desta dissertação consiste no estudo de um modelo funcional com erros de medição heteroscedásticos na presença de réplicas das observações. O modelo proposto estende resultados encontrados na literatura na medida em que as réplicas são parte do modelo, ao contrário de serem utilizadas para estimação das variâncias, doravante tratadas como conhecidas. Alguns procedimentos de estimação tais como o método de máxima verossimilhança, o método dos momentos e o método de extrapolação da simulação (SIMEX) na versão empírica são apresentados. Além disso, propõe-se o teste da razão de verossimilhanças e o teste de Wald com o objetivo de testar algumas hipóteses de interesse relacionadas aos parâmetros do modelo adotado. O comportamento dos estimadores de alguns parâmetros e das estatísticas propostas (resultados assintóticos) são analisados por meio de um estudo de simulação de Monte Carlo, utilizando-se diferentes números de réplicas. Por fim, a proposta é exemplificada com um conjunto de dados reais. Toda parte computacional foi desenvolvida em linguagem R (R Development Core Team, 2011) / Measurement error models have received the attention of many researchers of several areas of knowledge. The aim of this dissertation is to study a functional heteroscedastic measurement errors model with replicated observations. The proposed model extends results from the literature in that replicas are part of the model, as opposed to being used for estimation of the variances, now treated as known. Some estimation procedures such as maximum likelihood method, the method of moments and the empirical simulation-extrapolation method (SIMEX) are presented. Moreover, it is proposed the likelihood ratio test and Wald test in order to test hypotheses of interest related to the model parameters used. The behavior of the estimators of some parameters and statistics proposed (asymptotic results) are analyzed through Monte Carlo simulation study using different numbers of replicas. Finally, the proposal is illustrated with a real data set. The computational part was developed in R language (R Development Core Team, 2011)