順應國際會計準則發展趨勢，我國於2008年12月發布財務會計準則第40號公報「保險合約之會計處理準則」，並自2011年1月1日施行。面臨第40號公報與過去截然不同的會計處理程序與財報揭露要求，本國保險公司是否已有足夠的準備與專業足以應付這項保險會計作業轉換所帶來的衝擊？ 　　本研究透過問卷調查從業務執行者之角度分析第40號公報對本國外商保險業者之影響。研究發現本國外商保險公司雖然已具備依據IFRS 4或US GAAP編製財務報表之經驗，但受訪人員一致認為第40號公報的實施將導致整體作業成本增加，而相關法令及緩衝配套措施未及時修訂係導入作業面臨的最大障礙。此外，IFRS 4第二階段以公平價值衡量保險負債的要求影響重大，風險資本適足性及增資壓力成為適用該號公報首要挑戰，業者甚至考慮變更保險商品的設計以因應之。 　　據此，本研究建議保險業由董事會高層授權成立專案小組統籌導入計劃及委任外部專家協助，並且進行全面試算與分析供決策參考。主管機關將保險財務與監理會計分離並及時修訂相關法令及緩衝的配套措施，以減緩保險業者所受之衝擊；並及早評估第二階段的影響，以緩和漸進的方式達到IFRS 4第二階段之要求。 / Vow to adapt accounting standards with IFRS, Taiwan issued GAAP No.40, the Accounting Standards for Insurance Contracts in 2008, which will be effective starting from 2011. With different accounting and disclosure requirements GAAP No.40 requires, are Taiwan insurance companies capable and ready to implement the new standards without any impact? 　　This research tries to study and analyze survey from staffs of foreign insurers in Taiwan regarding impacts of adopting the new accounting standards, although almost foreign insurers in Taiwan are capable of compiling their financial reports in accordance with IFRS or US GAAP requirements to their parent company. The questionnaire results indicate that all respondents agree that overall costs will increase due to adopt the new standards and lacking of the related regulations and supporting measures to the new standards will be a major challenge in operating levels. Furthermore, using fair value to measure insurance liabilities in phase II of IFRS 4 will cause huge impact for all insurers. The critical challenges of the new standards are the adequacy of Risk-Based Capital and additional capital requirements, which might even force the insurers to resign the products in order not to fail to comform RBC ratio. 　　Therefore, this research has 3 suggestions for insurers and 3 suggestions for authorities, respectively: 1.to be fully authorized by Board of Directors to set up IFRS 4 project team to implement the stardard as soon as possible; 2.to look for outside experts supports; 3.to make pre-test of the impact of the new stardard as the reference for insurers’ business plans and strategies; 4.to separate insurance financial accountings with insurance regulatory requirements; 5.to provide supporting policies or amend regulations to mitigate negative impacts from the new standards; 6.to make an overall study and analysis on phase II of IFRS 4 to ensure insurance companies can implement phase II smoothly and successfully.

本文主要就懲罰性賠償金制度所產生之法律爭議及企業經營者、使用他人智慧財產權者等應採行之風險管理措施作一研究。 懲罰性賠償金雖源自於英國，但在美國蓬勃發展，故本文首先就美國懲罰性賠償金制度之內容及其發展過程中所衍生之爭論加以探討；其次，再將我國懲罰性賠償金制度予以定位，並對目前之相關立法加以說明，最後再就該制度實施後所引發之法律爭議---是否違憲？是否造成民事法與刑事法體制之紊亂？過失行為得否課與懲罰性賠償金？懲罰性賠償金是否具可保性等問題加以討論。 懲罰性賠償金制度雖基於保障消費者、智慧財產權所有者、投資大眾、防杜內部交易並確保公平競爭，而對於不法行為人課與懲罰性賠償金，來達到懲罰及嚇阻之效果，但此亦加重了企業經營者或其他個體之責任風險；因此，本文依循風險管理之步驟，逐一就我國現行懲罰性賠償金之立法提出損害防阻、損失抑制及風險理財等風險管理措施以資因應。

To date there is little evidence on the effect of property-liability (P-L) insurer's business strategy and organizational structure change on their frontier efficiency performance and productivity change. This issue is important since traditional theory assumes firms that minimizes cost and maximizes profit with more efficient strategy will survive in the long run. The main goal of this dissertation is to examine the efficiency performance in the U.S. P-L insurance industry using frontier efficiency and productivity methods. This dissertation consists of three essays on the efficiency studies. The first essay uses the data envelopment analysis to examine the efficiency performance and economies of scope for nonspecialists and specialists in the U.S. P-L insurance industry. The empirical evidence suggests that nonspecialists (specialists) dominate specialists (nonspecialists) in producing nonspecialists (specialists) input–output vectors and provide evidence for the coexistence of economies of scope and diseconomies of scope in the U.S. P-L insurance industry. Our second essay uses the stochastic frontier analysis to examine whether nonspecialized strategy dominates specialized strategy in the U.S. P-L insurance industry. The empirical evidence supports that both the nonspecialized hypothesis and the specialized hypothesis hold for different types of P-L insurers. Our third essay investigates whether the conversion of U.S. P-L insurers improves their efficiency performance before and after conversion. The empirical evidences of the value-added approach and the financial intermediary approach indicate that converting insurers experience improvement in their efficiency relative to mutual counter samples after the conversion, supporting the efficiency hypothesis proposed by Mayers and Smith (1986). Overall, the evidence of this dissertation shows that P-L insurer's diversification strategy and organizational structure change has significant impact on their frontier efficiency performance and productivity change.

本文就壽險業投資情況、投資組合與不動產市場的關聯性進行討論，介紹壽險業目前的營運狀況、資金來源以及資金運用的情況與限制等；並且試圖描述不動產市場之情形，說明壽險業可能進入不動產市場的契機、以及提出資金進入不動產市場的可能策略；其後建立新的不動產市場投資之變數，本文以不動產貸款抵押債券投入所建立的MIN－MAD﹙Mean-absolute Deviation﹚Model，瞭解投入此新變數後對投資組合的變化並比較其不同之處，藉此探究以其他方式將資金投入是否為一可行之策略。

保險契約為民事契約之一種，法律關係從成立、生效至終止階段與一般民事契約大致相同，但是有一點效力狀態為保險契約所獨有，亦即「停效」與「復效」狀態，為何保險法上會有停效與復效之制度？其制度目的為何？理論基礎何在？法律性質為何？這些我國法上論述較少，故必須從外國法之資料文獻去分析探討，本文主要分析美國及日本實務及學說，希望能找出一套符合法體系一貫性，並能兼顧保險契約當事人權益之理論架構。 本論文首先從實際發生的一件保險理賠糾紛，點出目前人壽保險契約停效、復效法制之問題。其次，分析保險契約效力層次有幾種，而停效復效之狀態位在哪一個層次。第三，從美國法及日本法角度定義停效及復效之法律性質。第四，介紹壽險契約停效之原因及其法律狀態，進一步討論這三種停效原因相關法律問題。第五，從美國法院判決去分析復效的要件。第六，討論壽險契約復效之相關爭議問題。例如，保險人終止權行使期間之限制、申請復效是否須保險人同意？要保人申請復效時，是否負告知義務？復效與不可抗爭條款、復效與自殺免責條款等等。文末，就復效之相關問題及現行保險法規定，提出個人之拙見及修正條文。

近來非傳統(Non-banks)金融機構(非銀行機構)，不論在聯合貸款市場或是在一般貸款市場所參與的程度愈來愈多，所承作的借款金額也逐年增加。這樣的趨勢尤其以歐美市場更為明顯。而一般文獻對於非銀行機構在聯合貸款市場與傳統金融機構在貸款條件差異的相關研究較少，因此本文研究非銀行機構利用1995至2007年美國企業在聯合貸款市場的資料，透過結合「Thomson Reuters LPC’s Dealscan」以及「Compustat」資料庫，分析包括融資公司(Finance Company)、投資銀行(Investment Bank)、保險公司(Insurance Company)、機構投資者(Institutional Investors) 的聯貸條件，實證結果發現非銀行機構參與的聯貸案件，通常都會要求較高的借款利率，其中又以保險公司所要求的借款利率為最高，可見非銀行機構是屬於追求較高風險的中介機構，但是本文也發現非銀行機構卻也會承作貸款期間較長的契約。 本文同時探討2000年美國通過金融服務業現代化法案是否對於非銀行機構造成影響，實證結果發現母公司為金融控股公司的非銀行機構在通過金融服務業現代化法案後，會放款給較高風險的公司，說明了在允許跨業經營下，隸屬金控的非銀行機構子公司承做風險較高的貸款業務非銀行機構。 / Non-bank institutions have participated in the commercial lending market and syndication market in recent years, especially in the U.S market. However, the literature addressing this issue is sparse. This paper aims to analyze the effects of participation by Non-bank lenders in the syndicated loan markets.We examine the loan contracts which started from 1995 to 2007, and use 「Thomson Reuters LPC’s Dealscan」and 「Compustat」datasets to analyze the lending behavior of Non-banks. Empirical results show that when the Non-banks participate in the loan market, they tend to charge higher credit spreads. However, when Non-banks participate in the facility, they also provide longer-maturity loans. Furthermore, this research also examines the effect of Financial Services Modernization Act‘s influence on lending behavior. The results show that after the Act was put into force, non-banks that are associated with Financial Holding Company tend to be more risk-taking. We find that Financial Holding Company would transfer the more risky operation into non-bank subsidiaries after they are allowed to cross sell their products.