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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

醫師對影響醫療檢驗資源有效使用因素之看法-以桃園縣執業醫師為例 / A study of influencing factors related to efficient use of medical exanimation resources: the perspective of certified medical doctors in Taoyuan County, Taiwan

劉麗文 Unknown Date (has links)
研究動機與問題:本研究最主要的目的希望能夠將最易被大家忽略的健保醫療檢驗資源使用問題,從實務面上探討,並指認出有效使用醫療檢驗資源的關鍵因素,針對這些因素與措施進行評估,歸納出具體明確可行的方向,提供主管機關做為費用管控的參考,為我國健保永續經營貢獻一份力量。 本研究根據研究動機與目的,設定三個研究問題:1.影響醫師有效的使用醫療檢驗資源的因素有哪些?2.藉由桃園縣執業醫師的看法了解有效使用醫療檢驗資源關鍵因素為何?3.不同執業院所、服務科別、職別的醫師對有效的使用醫療檢驗資源看法是否有差異? 研究資料與方法:以文獻回顧法、問卷調查法、深度訪談法蒐集資料及驗證資料;研究過程分三個階段進行,第一階段為背景資料與文獻資料的蒐集,瞭解醫療檢驗資源使用現況與問題,並透過訪談實務界菁英驗證文獻與補充資料不足;第二階段依文獻分析與彙整內容設計問卷與訪談大綱;第三階段將回收的問卷編碼、整理後以Excel/2003版與SPSS for window12.0版套裝軟體進行資料分析;深度訪談資料透過內容分析法予以歸納整理分析。獲得研究答案,達成研究目的。 研究結果與建議:量化研究部分,本研究共分送488份問卷,回收318份,回收率為65.1%。並以卡方檢定樣本與母群體並無差異,可代表母群體。質化研究部分,深度訪談三位年資10年以上實務界菁英,建構本研究實務上的概念。歸納研究結果:醫療檢驗資源有效使用的關鍵影響因素有「醫療風險」、「病人就醫行為」與「照護之連續性」3項。根據研究結果,為有效使用醫療檢驗資源,必需減少醫療風險、規範病人就醫行為與進行照護流程改造。 / Background:The purpose of this research is to find out the influencing factors related to the usage of resources for medical examinations under the Taiwanese National Health Insurance (NHI). From the practical point of view, this research focuses on, the first, defining the efficient use of medical test and then finding out the critical factors effecting the efficient usage from medial practitioners’ viewpoints in Taoyuan County, Taiwan. It is expected to provide advisory values to improve the global budget system of NHI. Research Questions: 1.What are the factors influencing doctors to utilize medical examination efficiently? 2.What are the certified medical doctors of Taoyuan County thinking about these factors? 3.Concerning the above factors, do there exist systematic differences among medical doctors from different hospitals, rank of medical doctors and fields of profession? Methods: In this study, author utilizes literature review, questionnaires, and in-depth interview. The survey was divided into three stages. First, related information was collected to clarify the problems of medical examination usage in present situation from both interviewing medical practitioners and literature review. In the 2nd stage, a general questionnaire was designed to administrate to selected medical doctors in Taoyuan County in mid-2008. The last stage was data coding and analyzing by using Excel/2003 and SPSS for Windows. The return rate was 65% (318/488) and there is no difference between population and sample after consistency test. Results and Suggestions The results show that the key factors of efficient medical examination usage are medical risk-aversion of doctors, clinical shopping of patients, and the need to medical care continuity. These exist a greater viewpoint differences between different level of hospital than different ranks or specialties of doctors. These results will lead the author to suggest that the Bureau of NHI needs to promote adequate mediation mechanism to reduce medical risk, to promote inter-hospital patient information sharing system, and to improve the logistic of continuity care.
12

資料採礦之商業智慧於醫療院所經營管理之應用 / The application of data mining of business intelligence in the study of medical clinic management -- using an eye clinic as an example

鄭增加 Unknown Date (has links)
全民健保自開辦以來,財務一直存在入不敷出之隱憂,醫療院所頻頻呼籲健保的給付不足,將造成經營困難。除此之外,醫師人口逐年增長、診所成本入不敷出、人口老化迅速及新醫療設備之引進及各政策之影響下,本研究想瞭解在競爭及不確定的環境中,診所應如何以創新經營。本研究導入資料採礦之觀點,將商業智慧用於眼科診所之案例,利用忠誠度分析、流失度分析、獲利貢獻度分析、就診時段分析,想瞭解診所客戶之特性並且針對其習性及特點,並加上SWOT分析,清楚瞭解診所內部之優缺點及外部的機會與威脅,作好準備以謀取事業的永續發展。忠誠度分析之結果發現,其特點為家庭來診人數最多,性別比例較其他集群平均,案類分佈則以一般案類為主,年齡層為22歲以下及35歲以上居多;而在獲利貢獻度中,高利潤收入之地區分佈為竹北市、新竹市明湖路、福德街等;在流失度分析當中,研究發現客戶群在22歲以下,案類為一般案類,且兩人看診家庭的流失比例最高;最後就診時段分析當中,發現所有病例之地區時段、看診日分析看診人數除星期四外,皆以早上時段為最多。資料採礦是很好的輔助工具,將商業智慧應用於診所之經營上,可依照不同的分析集群搭配不同的行銷策略,增加競爭力,規畫創新之營運模式,以追求更好的發展。 / Since its start, expenditure exceeding income has always been a hidden concern in the finance of the National Health Insurance (NHI). Medical clinics have repeatedly said insufficient payment from the NHI will result in difficulty in their management. Moreover, other factors are affecting the clinics, namely, the growing number of doctors statewide, the income shortage of running a clinic, the rapidly aging population, the introduction of new medical equipment, and the various new policies. This paper intends to explore some innovative management plans for the clinics in a competitive and uncertain environment. Business intelligence is applied in the case study of an eye clinic. The analysis of client the degree of loyalty, run off, profit contribution, and visiting time help understand client habits and characteristics. A SWOT analysis further helps the clinic clearly understand its own strength and weakness, and the opportunities and threats from outside. Thus it can better prepare itself for a long term business. The analysis of client the degree of loyalty shows the following: most of the clients are family members; there is an even male/female ratio while in other categories it is not so; most medical cases are general cases; most of the clients aged under 22 or above 35. The analysis of the degree of profit contribution reveals that the districts related to higher profit are Zhubei City, and Minghu Road and Fude Road of Hsinchu City. In the analysis of The degree of run offs, it is found that most of them are under 22, most medical cases are general cases, and most of the clients are two people from a same family. Lastly, in terms of visiting time, analysis shows that most of the clients, regardless of their residential areas, visit in the morning except on Thursday. Business intelligence is an helpful tool. According to the analysis a clinic can match different client groups with different marketing policies, enhance it competitive edge, plan for an innovative management model, and pursue a better development.
13

臺灣與韓國健保弱勢族群欠費及協助制度之比較 / A comparative study on health insurance institutions in overdue payment and assistance to vulnerable groups between Taiwan and Korea

李智炫 Unknown Date (has links)
目前韓國的國民健康保險正面臨健保生計型欠費者增加所帶來的問題,但現有的協助措施不多,因此本研究以臺灣的健保相關政策與經驗為借鏡,欲探討臺韓兩國的健保弱勢族群協助與欠費繳納制度在制度設計、執行上有何異同,研究臺灣是否有值得韓國學習之處,以及臺灣之制度在韓國實施可能會遇到哪些限制與困難,並進一步探討如何解決韓國健保弱勢族群協助相關問題。 本研究為了瞭解第一線工作人員的執行經驗、執行上所遭遇到問題之細節以及其個人看法,採用質性研究的方式進行,以文獻分析與半結構訪談方式蒐集資料,訪談對象為第一線的工作人員,包括臺灣的14位工作人員與韓國的6位工作人員。 本研究發現從整體的健保弱勢族群協助制度來看,臺灣按照納保者與欠費者的經濟能力分成健保費補助、分期繳納、紓困基金及愛心轉介等措施來提供弱勢族群協助;韓國則分成健保費減輕、分期繳納及低所得脆弱階層支援事業。在制度設計方面,臺灣的保費補助財源提供機關比韓國多元,且臺灣的分期繳納規定較嚴格。在執行方面,臺韓兩國之分期繳納完成率與臺灣的紓困基金償還率都過低。至於臺灣的紓困基金與愛心轉介在韓國是否可行,本研究發現韓國的工作人員對於紓困基金負面的看法較多,而針對愛心轉介則有較多正面的看法。
14

健保醫療費用審查自動化之研究 / The Research of Automatic Peer Review in National Health Insurance

王復中, Wang, Fu-Chung Unknown Date (has links)
全民健康保險自實施以來,透過危險分擔與社會互助的原則,降低了民眾就醫時的財務障礙,進而促進了全體國民的健康。可是由於收入成長減緩與支出不斷增加的情形,使得這個制度目前已面臨嚴重的財務危機,然而在目前政治與經濟環境的雙重影響之下,健保收入已無法有效增加,因此努力控制醫療費用支出,便成為當務之急。但是全民健康保險是一項社會福利政策,不能因為控制醫療費用而降低了醫療品質。如何將醫療資源有效分配,以便減少醫療資源浪費、維持醫療品質並減輕醫療費用的支出,便需依賴一個良好的審查制度。 然而對於醫療費用的審查,不管在設計、分析、控管乃至評估上,都是知識密集的工作,而且審查的過程還必須藉由專業審查者的參與始能完成,因此如何善用資訊科技予以適當之輔助,便成為醫務管理上一個非常重要的議題。 本研究使用健保局北區分局感冒等疾病之就醫資料作為樣本,在分析過國內外對醫療費用審查的建議方式後,嘗試設計一個新的自動化審查機制,並發展一套以資料發掘為基礎的自動化審查雛型系統,希望能在醫療院所申報的記錄中找出共同的規則,並利用這些規則自動將有問題的資料篩選出來,幫助健保局與專業審查者將焦點集中在有問題的資料上,以便能更有效率的進行審查的工作。 本研究所得到的結果,經健保局人員與專業審查醫師檢視後,認為確實可行,除了證明資料發掘技術可以有效地應用在醫療費用審查,並帶來可觀的效益之外,還達到有效降低審查人力、提昇審查效率的目的。而對於這種自動篩選出異常的審查方式,應如何實際加以應用,本研究也提出了具體的建議架構及實施步驟,供健保局在未來建立自動化審查制度時的參考依據。
15

大陸配偶參加台灣全民健保相關因素之探討-以臺北地區為例 / Factors affecting mainland spouses, enrollment in the national health insurance program- Taipei area as an example

李小娟 Unknown Date (has links)
根據移民署公佈的統計資料顯示,來台的大陸配偶人數逐年增加,這些藉由婚姻關係遷徙台灣的新移民,根據人口遷移理論,應存在原居住地社會經濟等負向條件的「推力」,以及遷移目的地正向吸引的「拉力」。台灣全民健保保障了大陸配偶的健康,提供完善的醫療照護。大陸配偶面對台灣與大陸兩地不同的醫療衛生環境與保險制度,在遷移台灣後願意主動參加全民健保的因素為何,另又有部分的大陸配偶須經過輔導後才參加全民健保,其面臨的影響因素又為何,全民健保制度的實行對大陸配偶而言,是否成為吸引人口移入的正向「拉力」,而且提升其對台灣醫療服務的正面印象等,都是令人想一窺究竟的結果,也是本研究進行的目的。 本研究利用文獻分析法,蒐集相關的論文、書籍、期刊、統計報告等資料,進行台灣與大陸兩地衛生醫療環境與保險制度之比較和分析,並說明台灣全民健保的正向拉力與大陸醫療保險制度的負向推力。進而探討大陸配偶的實際看法及對台灣醫療服務的印象;為提高本研究的信度與效度,採取立意抽樣及滾雪球抽樣方式,篩選20位居住於臺北地區的大陸配偶作為研究對象,其中10位為主動參加健保者及10位經輔導後參加健保的大陸配偶;以半結構式問卷進行深度訪談蒐集資料。 研究資料分析,大陸配偶願意主動參加全民健保的因素包括(1)避免疾病風險。(2)就醫需求。(3)依規定辦理。(4)家人幫忙辦理。而須經過輔導後才參加全民健保的大陸配偶,其影響因素包括(1)以工作優先。(2)不知道有社會保險。(3)沒有立即醫療需求。(4)經濟因素。 受訪的大陸配偶,超過半數給予台灣全民健保制度正面的肯定,該制度確實能夠提升大陸配偶對台灣醫療服務的正面印象;但高於半數的大陸配偶認為「全民健保」的制度不能吸引其遷移來台;不過有半數的大陸配偶表示,因有健保醫療的照護,年老時會選擇在臺終老。 進過訪談資料的整理、分析及歸納之後,得到五個研究發現,(1)大陸配偶對於台灣的就醫環境與醫護人員服務態度有高度的正面評價。(2) 大陸配偶主動參加全民健保的主要相關因素為「避免疾病風險」及「就醫需求」,而非慕名台灣醫療服務的進步與便利。(3) 大陸配偶需輔導才參加全民健保的主要影響因素是來台後「以工作為優先」與「不知有社會保險」,而非經濟因素。(4)絕大多數大陸配偶給予全民健保正面評價,並表示保費不貴、醫療費用給付合理。(5)「全民健保」制度對於大陸配偶具有一定程度的遷移吸引力。(6)「全民健保」制度確實提昇多數大陸配偶的對台醫療服務印象,並影響大陸配偶在台終老的意願。(7)絕大多數受訪大陸配偶對「二代健保」的認知缺乏,不知其實質內容。 本研究依據資料分析與研究發現,提出的改善建議分為收入面、支出面及綜合三個部分,收入面包括(1)取消保險對象類目。(2)取消出國停、復保規定。(3)設立醫療儲蓄帳戶。支出面包括(1)實施自負額制度。(2)限縮境外就醫條件。(3)強化家庭醫師制度。(4)推動長期照護保險。而綜合的部分包括(1)加強「二代健保」宣導。(2)獎勵與罰則並重。期待本研究對於健保制度的改革有所幫助和影響,以實踐全民健康保險永續經營的理念。
16

全民健保下藥品供應鏈e化之研究

陳姿君, Chen,Tsu Chun Unknown Date (has links)
全民健保的實施改變了傳統的藥品通路,使得藥品市場逐漸集中於醫院,而醫療院所為因應總額支付的政策,降低營運成本,因而有逐漸結盟經營的趨勢。為滿足市場導向的藥品供應鏈需求,本研究探討自全民健保1995年實施後,藥品通路的變革對藥品供應鏈所造成的影響,並藉由個案探討以及理論分析,探討藥品供應鏈e化之趨勢,以歸納出一個藥品供應鏈e化可行模式,供政府機關、醫療院所、藥商及物流商在藥品供應鏈之流程中作為參考。 本研究認為藥品供應鏈應從分散管理改為集中管理,並藉由具有公信力的中央健保局,配合資訊科技協助藥品供應鏈e化,以讓藥品資訊可以有效的流通被利用。透過以以中央健保局為中心的藥品供應鏈模式,可以讓各個產業專業分工的成效更明顯,其具有下列益處: 一、以量制價統一配銷 二、降低醫療院所藥品存貨 三、簡化健保給付流程 四、藥品資訊有效利用 五、幫助醫藥分類落實   此外,本研究亦針對此模式下之藥品供應鏈提出初步實施規劃如下: 一、從公立體系醫院興辦 二、選擇量大且較常使用的健保給付藥品 三、彈性的配送頻率 四、資訊流與金流的整合 五、由中央健保局協助資訊商建立藥品供應鏈e化平台 透過本研究所提出之藥品供應鏈之e化模式及流程,本研究期望能加速藥品供應鏈集中管理之機制形成,以幫助醫藥產業降低藥品流通的成本並落實醫藥分業。 / This paper examines the condition of Taiwanese National Health Insurance (NHI) and brings up the idea of the centralizd management. Since Taiwan put the NHI into practice, Drug Price Black-Hole of the NHI has estimated about 20 billion every year under the fee-for-service payment system (FFS) and pricing drug with brand. Therefore, we collect the papers and some cases to discuss the situation of the Drug Supply Chain in Taiwan. We would like to understand how to descrease the drug cost in purchasing and distributing by this paper. This paper makes use of Value Chain, Diamond Theory, New Value Curve to analyze the Drug Supply Chain in Taiwan and proposes the model and process to direct the industry how to developing the Drug Supply Chain by certralized management. The Drug Supply Chain of certralized management can provide some benefit as following: 1. Purchase jointly to reach economies of scale 2. Simplify the reporting process 3. Effectively use the information of the drugs 4. Utilize the distributed process by jointly delivery 5. Help the separation profession of pharmacy from medicine to implement Besides, this paper proposes the initial plan about the Drug Supply Chain of certralized management as following: 1.Begin with governmental hospitals. 2. Select large amount of the drugs of NHI. 3. Provide flexible frequency of distribution. 4. Intergrate the information flow and cash flow. 5. Bureau of National Health Insurance (BNHI) supports the Internet Servie provider (ISP) to build the platform of the Drug Supply Chain. Our main goal is to adapt this kind of model to help NHI overcome financial crisis by jointly purchasing and distributing, simplifying the process of reporting and help the separation profession of pharmacy from medicine.
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女性乳癌醫療成本估計研究 / Estimating medical costs of female breast cancer

曹仲愷 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來台灣國人十大死因以慢性疾病為主,其中惡性腫瘤(俗稱之癌症)自1982年起已連續32年位居國人死因首位;而在台灣人民所罹患之惡性腫瘤中,女性乳癌為發生率最高之病症。本研究自國衛院全民健保資料庫所提供之2005承保抽樣歸人檔,使用承保資料檔(ID)、住院醫療費用清單明細檔(DD)、住院醫療費用醫令清單明細檔(DO)、門診處方及治療明細檔(CD)、門診處方醫令明細檔(OO),對台灣女性乳癌患者進行病症相關分析,以國際疾病分類號的病症編號,挑選診斷代碼為174到1749,共10種類型之女性乳癌診斷結果之患者資料,藉由從2005年至2011年的資料,逐年分析其乳癌患者年齡分佈及患症趨勢、就醫後門診與住院所使用之相關診療方式、所花費之成本,進行資料彙整與分析,並分析乳房造影術及超音波兩種診療方式篩檢乳癌之成效,以及利用歷年資料推估未來一年的罹癌人數與死亡人數。   本研究結果顯示,台灣女性乳癌患者主要在40歲以上,好發年齡層為40~59歲之間,乳癌之盛行率逐年漸增,但死亡率卻無特別趨勢。門診部份,費用集中於用藥明細與診療明細點數,並以50~59歲為花費最高的年齡層;門診的診療方式主要以乳癌篩檢的項目為主。住院方面,費用集中在葯費、檢查費、病房費與手術費,各年齡層各年花費的波動很大,但主要以40歲以上的三組年齡層花費比例較高;而住院的診療方式則是以切除乳房的手術為主。乳房造影術與超音波在50~59及60歲以上兩組年齡層的篩檢率最高。在估計未來一年患病與死亡人數上,利用類似中央極限定理概念的CLT法以及無母數的拔靴法兩種方式來估計,其中以CLT法的估計方式對未來的人數估計較為準確。
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全民健康保險醫療費用支付制度與醫療專業代理問題之研究

鄒佩玲, Tsou,Pei-Ling Unknown Date (has links)
現行全民健保制度造成了醫療支出快速上漲及實際運作上的資源扭曲,要解決這樣的現象,除了必須要瞭解造成醫療支出上漲的原因外,更應該進一步探討型塑此現象背後更深層的因素,除了民眾不當使用醫療資源外,醫療專業浮濫申報費用、舞弊造假、濫用醫療資源、提供不適當的診療等行為,不但造成保險體系的財務危機,也腐蝕了醫療專業的道德基礎。醫療費用支付制度創造了誘因結構,塑造醫療提供者行為,影響醫療成本與品質,對醫療保險體系運作的重要性不言可喻。因此,本研究目的首先針對現行全民健康保險所採取之醫療費用支付制度內涵進行瞭解,並分析醫療費用支付制度與全民健保醫療費用上漲之間的關聯性;其次探討現行醫療費用支付制度下的哪些不當誘因,將引發醫療專業產生代理問題的現象。 經由文獻檢閱與深度訪談等研究方法,本研究發現:(一)全民健保費用支付制度設計的不當確實導致了醫療費用上漲,此現象的出現可歸咎於醫療提供者誘發醫療需求,與民眾不當就醫文化而導致醫療資源浪費;(二)現行醫療費用支付制度引發醫療專業代理問題的不當誘因,經作者歸類如下:(1)支付制度的不完善塑造了醫療專業自利行為、(2)現行支付制度使醫療提供者不必承擔民眾健康之責、(3)醫療「專業門檻」間接造成專業代理問題的產生。 最後,針對醫療費用支付制度設計以控制醫療費用上漲的問題,作者認為支付制度的改革必須朝向大幅降低使用論量計酬方式,並且贊同總額支付制度漸進實施、貫徹落實。就醫療費用支付制度誘因結構改進方面,作者則建議可從尊重醫療專業、加強醫療倫理教育,及在健保制度中適度引進市場機制等面向上著手。期待藉由全民健保醫療費用支付制度的「再造」改善醫療專業代理問題,輔以強化醫療專業倫理精神,成為修正整體制度的動力來源,使全民健保更趨完善。
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植物人照顧者的家庭關係網絡與社會支援需求之研究--以台北縣市為例 / A study to research the family relationship network and society support for caregivers of taking care of vegetative----using the Taipei County as an example.

李怡芬 Unknown Date (has links)
21世紀是經濟繁榮及醫療科技進步的時代,世界各國面對人口結構快速老化、生命延長、慢性疾病遽增,及流感與疾病的可快速傳播,使世界衛生組織的功能逐漸受到重視。台灣各級醫院的病床幾乎都是急性病床,植物人在健保醫療照護體系中,被歸屬於慢性病非重大傷病,並無特殊的減免醫療支出與補助,僅提供慢性病床及有限的居家護理給付。我國自實施全民健保以來,減輕了許多急重症病患家庭的醫療支出,但健保收入在政治因素的介入下,永遠跟不上醫療支出;且健保局預估今(2009)年收支短絀約320多億(健保局,2008)。不免讓我們憂心未來醫療資源的可能枯竭,加上植物人在病情穩定後即需出院,無法長期留在醫院受專業及妥適的照顧,使得植物人照顧家庭在精神及經濟層面更是雪上加霜陷入困頓。為此,內政、社福、衛生等行政部門,實需積極整合介力協助;如此或可與先進國家的長照體系接軌,使植物人照護得到兼具專業、人性與尊嚴的照應。 本研究採用質性研究中的深入訪談法,以台北縣市植物人照顧家庭的12位家屬為訪談對象,以深入探討都會地區照顧家屬難兼具照顧及就業。照顧者是無酬勞的工作,易在身心俱疲下陷於下一個被犧牲者的情境,植物人家庭對植物人照料與甦醒期待及照顧過程裡對自我生命成長價值觀。訪談所得資料,經歸納、分析所得研究結果: 都會地區家庭結構的轉變,使得家庭照護人力不足,何況目前尚無新醫療可預測植物人何時甦醒,況且頭部病變照顧已久植物人再甦醒的機會很渺茫。大台北地區雙薪家庭聘請外籍看護工的型態,確實讓蠟燭兩頭燒的雙薪家庭,減輕了部份照顧人力不足及精神壓力負擔,但此終究非長久之計。但是,如何讓受照顧的植物人,享有品質的醫療與照護,從而體現生命之尊嚴與國家、社會照護、互助的價值,這正是長照體系建立刻不容緩。或許在可預見的將來,因著教育及社會觀念的轉化,我們可以欣然接受安樂死或推行生前醫療契約,坦然接受自己或家人在面對需要長期療護,特別是可能造成植物人情況的事前自在選擇。所以,如何建構可長可久且結合醫療、勞工、社福用以嘉惠老人及植物人之機構,是政府在拼經濟、擴大內需建設及增加就業,不可不亟力擘劃貫徹的重大議題。但這需要政府與民間一起攜手打造,使台灣寶島實現老吾老以及人之老的平和尊嚴人生之樂土。 本研究依據研究結果,提一些建議:一、對家庭之建議:均衡飲食、養成運動習慣、強化家庭生命共同體。二、對醫療團隊:建立醫院網頁、建構植物人疾病成因及預防之道、社工諮商團隊協助家庭以落實社區長期照護系統。三、對學校建議:課程加入生死學課程、強化衛教觀念及基本照顧方式、培養怡情興趣、學習紓解壓力。四、對政府的建議:政府各部會平台資訊聯結化、行政作業單一窗口化、政策宣導口語化、政策推行離島實施而後推廣至全國,應快速實施長期照護系統。 關鍵字:全民健保、植物人、長期照護、安樂死、生前醫療契約 / The 21st century is a time of economic prosperity and technological advancement. However, the world is facing challenges from the problems of the rapidly aging population, increasing longevity, the surging of chronic disease, in addition to epidemics and flues spreading faster then before. Most hospital beds in Taiwan are considered to be “acute hospital beds”, where vegetative patients are considered by the National Health Insurance to be suffering from a chronic disease and not as major illness/injury. There is no extra medical subsidy for these vegetative patients, and only limited payments for home care. Unfortunately, due to the inefficient funding for health insurance, we are concerned that medical resources might become exhausted in the future. Also, a vegetated patient is required to leave the hospital whenever his or her condition becomes stable. They are unable to remain in the hospital for long-term and professional care, which causes the families with vegetated patients to suffer emotionally and economically. Thus, studying ways for vegetated patients to obtain more professional, human, and dignified care is an important issue worthy of research. This study uses an in-depth interview method from quantitative research. 12 families with vegetative patients in Taipei County are the subjects of the interview. In-depth discussions are conducted on the difficulties for families who take care of a vegetative patient, and who have employment in the urban area. The information obtained was categorized and analyzed. 1. Nursing manpower insufficiency Due to the shifting of family structure in the urban area, there are not enough people in the family to take care of the vegetated patient. It is not possible to predict when a medical breakthrough will enable the patient to regain consciousness. Moreover, there is only a slight chance a vegetated patient suffering from head trauma for a long period of time can be revived again. 2. Dependence on foreign nurse aides By hiring foreign nurse aids, the dual-earner families in the Taipei metro area are able to get relief from the burden of caring for a vegetative patient. However, it is not a long-term solution. 3. The need for long-term care. Therefore, it is very important to construct a long-term care system for the vegetated patient to be able to receive quality medical care. Furthermore, Taiwan will benefit from showing respect for life, the importance of social care, and the value of helping each other. 4. Trying new concepts. Perhaps in the foreseeable future, we will accept things such as euthanasia or pre-paid medical contracts due to the changes in education and social attitudes. We might accept that one of our family members might be facing long-term care in the future, so any one of us is able to make arrangements before an unforeseen accident or illness results in becoming a vegetated patient. 5. Co-operation between the government and the people. This is an important issue for the method of constructing a long-lasting system that can combine medicine, labor, social welfare, and benefits for senior citizens and vegetated patients. However, it will take the cooperation of both government and the people to make Taiwan into a peaceful land that will respect their elders and respect life. Some suggestions have been developed as a result of this study: 1. suggestions to families: a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and strengthen the unity between family members. 2. suggestions to the medical team: develop hospital websites, prevent diseases that can cause vegetation, and the social worker consulting team should help families to implement a long-term community care system. 3. Suggestions to schools: add life and death lessons into the school’s curriculum, reinforce the concept of health education and a basic caring method, as well as increase community service, and teach methods for relieving stress. 4. Suggestions to the government: linking information by using a single window to handle all processes, use colloquial language for promoting policies, the policies should first be implemented in off-shore islands before being used in the main island, implement a long-term care system, and provide subsidies to those who hire domestic nurse aids. Keyword: National Health Insurance, Vegetative, Long-Term care, Home care, Euthanasia, Pre-paid medical contract
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醫療資源優先配置決策程序之評估-以全民健保醫療給付協議會議為例 / An Evaluation of Decision Procedure in Health Resource Priority Setting: The Payment Committee of NHI in Taiwan

蔡翔傑, Tsai, Hsiang-Chieh Unknown Date (has links)
全民健保醫療給付範圍的相關決策缺乏資訊公開性與參與性,引發許多醫療給付的糾紛案件,加上醫療資源有限,醫療需求隨國內人口平均餘命提升而增加,醫療資源優先配置的問題更顯其重要性。本研究建立一個合理的醫療資源優先配置決策程序評估架構,以改善目前國內資源優先配置決策程序,使用Daniels & Sabin(1997)所提出的「要求合理性的課則」(Accountability for Reasonableness)作為評估架構的主要構面,採用文獻分析法與層級分析法建構出一個完整的評估架構並且比較指標間的相互權重,接著使用深度訪談法試圖探索評估指標相對權重背後所代表的意涵。研究結果顯示醫事團體代表強調相關性與決策修正機會,政府代表則注重公開性與執行力,兩者對於醫療資源優先配置決策程序的期待有相當大的落差。基於研究發現,本研究主張應該增加協商機會以減少決策成員間的認知落差,帶動社會大眾對於資源優先配置的認識與參與,並針對目前決策程序的公開性、相關性、決策修正機會與執行力進行改善。 / The lack of information publicity and participation in the payment system of National Health Insurance (NHI) in Taiwan has been a critical issue. Besides numerous insurance payment disputations, the limited health resources and increasing health demand all call for an immediate solution to the problem of health resource priority setting in NHI.. This study aims to establish a systemic evaluative framework to improve on the health resources priority settings. In answer to the need, analytical hierarchy process and in-depth interviews have been conducted to develop a framework based on Accountability for Reasonableness. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the surveys indicate some criteria and the meaning of the relative weight of each criterion. The results show a discrepancy between the governmental representatives and the healthcare organization ones on the expectation of health resources priority settings. The former focus on relevance, revision and appeals while the latter emphasize publicity and enforcement. According to the findings, this study suggests that an increase of negotiation is necessary to eliminate the discrepancy between the two groups. The government also need to introduce the public the idea of health resources priority settings and to modify the current procedure based on the four factors in Accountability for Reasonableness.

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