派遣勞工通常是勞動市場中弱勢的族群，其脆弱性不僅源於就業的不安定、或工資與福利微薄，遇來自於職業災害的威脅。勞動派遣是新興的勞動模式，基於雇主職能之分離，派遣機構「雇用而不使用」，要派機構「使用而不雇用」，勞動法上相關規範在適用上即生困難，造成雇主責任之不明確及派遣勞工權益保障之不周，對社會安全及經濟發展均有長遠之影響，值得關注及研究。 本文期望能藉由對職業災害制度及勞動派遣制度之發展、沿革及理論內容的探討，檢視我國目前產業界面臨之問題，進一步探討現行法制度之不足與修正，希望弱勢之派遣勞工有更周全之保障，畢竟勞動市場之健全發展是國家發展、社會穩定、和諧及個人、家庭安居樂業之基礎。 為能對勞動派遣制度之職業災害補償有較為完整之瞭解，本論文首先參考與本文主題相關之文獻資料，包括書籍、研究報告、博碩士論文、相關法令、及期刊論文等，分別整理勞動派遣制度之法律關係、職業災害補償制度之發展延革及勞動保護法規及職業災害勞工相關請求權間複雜之競合樣態及適用情形，此一部份對職業災害勞工權益之保障與救濟，是一個重要課題。 接續探討勞動派遣中發生職業災害時雇主責任之分配，並以比較法之方式探討各國對勞動派遣制度中關於勞工安全衛生事項之處理模式，並針對我國目前勞動派遣法制中關於職災補償之現況加以探討，包括行政院勞工委員會實務上之理解、法院之見解及各界對此一議題所提出之草案解決方案等，代表著各界對派遣勞工職業災害問題之重視及勞動派遣法立法工作之動向。

本研究在瞭解勞動派遣之定義、特徵、型態與相關概念，並進行國內外研究之回顧，找出勞動派遣制度對於勞動市場正面與負面之影響後，再分別就資方觀點、勞方觀點、社會觀點與採用業別之差異進行探討，而決定訪談之公司業別，並擬定訪談題目進行深度訪談，以評估勞動派遣制度對台灣勞動市場雙元化發展之影響。 　　經過深入訪談後發現，高科技產業為降低公司之人事成本，而採用勞動派遣制度，確實會加速勞動市場雙元化之發展，就本研究訪談結果看來，較具規模之高科技產業採用勞動派遣時，為降低公司之勞工結構受到雙元化發展之影響，將限制派遣勞工之採用比例，並提供派遣勞工與正職員工相近之起薪、薪資調幅與福利措施，以及提供派遣勞工轉入正職之管道。如此雖可有效縮小雙元勞動市場中勞動者的差異，但整體薪酬派遣者較低、且勞動市場轉換率較高，以及受勞動法令保障較少等，這些現象仍會存在雙元勞動市場之次級勞動市場中。 　　整體而言，勞動派遣能提供勞動市場更多就業機會、提供派遣勞工累積工作經驗之機會，亦是派遣者進入大型企業轉為正職人員的橋樑，因此使得勞動派遣制度在勞動市場雙元化的發展過程中，有正面的影響。 　　本研究建議派遣勞工應選擇較注重企業形象之企業，企業應提供派遣勞工較完善之就業保障，並期望相關政府單位能夠儘速制定相關法令及配套措施，並明定勞動派遣中，要派企業、派遣機構、派遣人員各角色之責任劃分，與各種行業別較適當之派遣勞工雇用比例，並提供派遣勞工相關之職場認知教育，以降低勞動派遣對於台灣雙元化勞動市場發展之負面影響。 / This study aims to explore the definition, features, patterns and relevant concepts regarding dispatched work and review research conducted in Taiwan and overseas on this subject. After identifying the impact of the dispatched work system on the labor market, the differences between different industries employing dispatched labor are investigated to decide companies belonging to which industries are to be interviewed. An in-depth interview is then conducted on the companies selected to evaluate the impact the dispatched work system has on the development of a dual labor market in Taiwan. 　　The interviews reveal that, high-tech industries adopting the system in order to reduce labor costs do encourage the development of a dual labor market. Results of the interviews indicate that sizable high-tech industries employing dispatched labor limit the extent to which it is employed in an effort to reduce the impact dual labor market development has on the companies’ labor structures. In addition, dispatched workers are offered starting wages, wage increases and benefits similar to those offered to regular employees, as well as the opportunity to become regular employees. Through doing so, the differences between dispatched workers and regular employees in a dual labor market may be effectively narrowed, overall, dispatched workers are less compensated and demonstrate a higher turnover. Moreover, they are less protected by labor laws and regulations. These phenomena still exist in the secondary market of a dual labor market. 　　Generally speaking, the dispatched work system provides more employment opportunities on the labor market. It also provides dispatched workers the opportunity to accumulate work experience and serves as a steppingstone to regular employment in large businesses. For this reason, the system plays a positive role in the development process of a dual labor market. 　　The study recommends dispatch workers to choose businesses that pay more attention to their image and that businesses provide these workers with improved employment protection. It also hopes that the government can enact relevant laws and regulations and introduce supporting measures as soon as possible. Furthermore, the roles businesses, dispatched workers and the agencies that dispatch them play must be clearly defined and the ratios of dispatched workers to regular employees in different industries established, with education in having a better understanding of the workplace provided to dispatched labor in an attempt to reduce the negative impact dispatched work has on Taiwan’s dual labor market and the development of its labor market.

「勞動派遣」在國外早已訂定相關之立法規範，日本於一九八五年制定勞動派遣法，德國、美國對勞動派遣亦制定特別的法律與相關規範，在丹麥所有關勞動派遣的禁止規定也於一九九○年廢止，由這些先進國家的例子，可知制定勞動派遣法為世界立法潮流所趨。勞動派遣與傳統僱用之契約關係，最大不同之處在於勞動派遣關係下之派遣勞工，受僱於派遣機構，雙方成立勞動契約(employment contract)關係，但派遣勞工卻在該勞動契約當事人以外之第三人要派機構處提供勞務，接受該第三人之指揮監督與管理，形成「僱用」與「使用」分離之現象。由於勞動派遣型態為勞動市場既存狀態，雖在現行法制上有一定規範，惟此種三角關係的勞動型，態涉及「要派機構」、「派遣機構」及「派遣勞工」三方當事人的互動，在現行勞動法規皆以傳統勞動關係為主要規範標的下，無法完整規範勞動派遣所衍生的問題，而造成許多勞資之間的糾紛。 我國經濟部商業司於一九九九年十月通過核准企業可登記其營業內容為「人力派遣業」，但是，國內目前卻仍未對勞動派遣制定相關法令。相較於國際勞工組織已針對勞動派遣制定相關公約及建議書，德國、日本等先進國家以制定專法之方式來規範「勞動派遣」，我國目前卻對此問題尚無任何明確的法律規範，為保障派遣勞工之就業權益，給予勞資雙方明確之依循方向，落實就業安全之理念與作法，建立符合我國國情需要之勞動派遣法制，為刻不容緩之目標。因此本研究藉由參考比較美國、德國、日本等國之勞動派遣相關規範及法制，以了解各國實施勞動派遣之狀況，並分析各國勞動派遣法制之優缺點，及可能產生之問題進行分析，藉此提供我國未來於制定勞動派遣法時之參考方向。最後，針對我國目前勞動派遣草案進行分析，並提出相關立法建議，以期建構符合我國國情之勞動派遣法制，創造勞資雙贏之局面。 / The standards about legalization of dispatched employment had been enacted in the foreign countries. Legislation of dispatched employment had been enacted in Japan in 1985; besides Germany and America also made special laws and regulations about dispatched employment. All about the forbidden regulations also had been abolished in Denmark. From those examples of developed countries above, we can understand that the legalization about dispatched employment is forced by the world trend. The difference between dispatched employment and typical employment is that the dispatched employees are employed by the dispatched work agency but they provide service to the user enterprise. Because the triangular arrangement of dispatched employment concerns the interaction among user enterprise, dispatched work agency and dispatched workers, so there are many disputations between employees and employers. Although the Department of Commerce of MOEA in Taiwan permitted the enterprise to register their operations as “Employee dispatching industry” in October 1999, there were still no relevant laws about dispatched employment. The International Labor Organization had made the conventions and recommendations about dispatched employment; moreover Germany and Japan also made the relevant laws. In order to protect the rights of dispatched labors, the law-making which correspond with our national conditions is of great urgency. By comparing of the legalization about dispatched employment of America, Germany and Japan, we want to know the practical conditions and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of those countries above. By doing so, we can provide our country with the referential aspects in making the law about the dispatched employment in the future. Finally, in order to establish the legalization about dispatched employment corresponded with our society and to create a win-win situation of employee and employer, we analyze the existent Dispatched Employment Bill in Taiwan and bring forward certain relative lawmaking proposals.

勞動派遣是一種彈性化的企業人力運用模式，其最大特徵是「僱用」與「使用」分離，勞工由人力派遣公司（派遣事業單位）僱用後派給企業（要派單位）使用，法律上的雇主是派遣事業單位，質上的雇主是要派單位。派遣事業單位、要派單位及派遣勞工為三方關係。勞動派遣對企業有強大的經濟上誘因，除了得以規避一部分的雇主責任，還間接造成低薪化，以及許多其他的問題，也因此近年增長快速，人數已近60萬人。有些應該是直接、長期僱用的職缺，卻採用派遣包裝，派遣事業單位只做薪資代轉，這就是偽裝派遣。 本文第二章對派遣力定義、特徵、發生的背景原因、現況等，作一基礎研究，第三章探討勞動派遣衍生之爭議，由於我國目前對於派遣勞動關係立法嚴重落後，本文先尋求其上位法律概念，即國際勞工組織之國際勞動公約，再檢討我國勞動派遣之立法過程，以及目前僅有的2014年派遣勞工保護法草案。本文以國內某非營利組織為例做訪談調查，了解實務上的派遣勞工現況，對於訪談所得之發現，再經由近十年司法實務見解之統整，作一對照。訪談發現偽裝派遣及勞健保代扣錯誤等不合理情事，近十年司法判決中，亦發現類似的問題，歸納整理成三類：偽裝派遣之破解、勞動報酬、職災補償，並分析各案件之判決見解之重點及異同。結論為：三方關係複雜使勞工無形中權益受損、危險場域中的派遣勞工不受重視、司法判決大部分值得肯定，以及同工不同酬造成低薪化。

勞動派遣議題相對傳統勞動關係更為複雜，主要的原因乃勞動力的使用涉及三方關係，特別是在職業災害雇主責任的分配上，要派單位是否需要負擔？及該責任如何於要派單位及派遣事業單位間如何分配？二者皆為本文欲探究之重心。自現行法院實務判決觀察，各級法院對於發生職業災害時，要派單位應否負擔職災補償責任之爭議上，普遍仍以派遣勞工與要派單位間使用關係非基於承攬契約，而否定派遣勞工得主張要派單位應按勞基法第62條負連帶補償責任之請求。但即使法院見解似已確定，惟訴訟上仍不斷地有訴請要派單位連帶負補償責任之請求，近期也漸漸有採不同見解之判決出現，可知要派單位之在職災救濟責任分擔上，不僅受災之派遣勞工覺得有其必要，甚至也已經有法院認為通說見解並非相當妥適，足見應令要派單位就職災負責之爭議仍有待解決決。 因此，學理上也不斷有透過解釋現行民法或勞基法上規定的討論，如民法上僱用人之保護照顧義務等，希冀得使派遣勞工之職災救濟請求能夠受有更完整的保障。雖然各學說內容建構上都尚有其未臻完備之處，惟筆者認為於專法尚未訂定前，本文所列數項用以解決勞動派遣爭議之學說見解，具有相當參考價值。法院於判斷上實不妨參考我國學說見解上現有之討論，補足現階段對於要派單位規範上的欠缺，使派遣勞工之於職災救濟請求上得更為完整，同時也期待能促使要派單位注意派遣勞工工作環境上的身心安全，使職業安全能不斷地進步及提升。

勞動市場彈性化導致企業開始採非典型僱用，公部門亦跟進彈性化趨勢，藉此舒解人事預算有限之壓力，我國公立就業服務機構許多核心業務亦為如此，而本研究重點於個案管理員勞動處境之探究。 個案管理員的服務對象為複雜性較高的弱勢族群，藉由案主所需，擬定長期性之服務計畫，協助其順利進入勞動市場。而個案管理從開辦此業務以來已有十多年之久，顯然並非公立就業服務機構的暫時性業務，但卻以非典型僱用方式，以政府的暫僱人力(自聘人力)與勞動派遣方式解套核心業務的人力需求。個案管理工作本為服務就業弱勢者，卻將提供服務者(個案管理員)同樣推入弱勢勞動處境，尤其身為勞動派遣身分，在工作場所之中面對政府的自聘人力或是正式公務員，更凸顯其勞動弱勢之狀態。 透過本研究的個案管理工作探討與勞動處境之檢視，本文提出以下之建議： 一、個案管理模式：(一)需改善程序模式的缺點(二)簡化個案管理員之工作(三)追求績效的同時，亦重視服務品質(四)擴充可利用之資源(五)個案管理仍有成為獨立業務之必要 二、個案管理員之勞動處境而言：(一)政府全面直接僱用個案管理員(二)杜絕勞動派遣人力(三)自僱人力全面簽訂不定期契約，人事預算編列上由單位內部所聘僱 (四)擁有合理的薪資調幅以及升遷制度，至少縮小與公務人員之間的差距。如此個案管理工作能夠被視為長久且有具發展性之工作，自然願意長時間駐守此一工作崗位並且全力以赴地協助弱勢者，對於我國公立就業服務機構而言定能有積極正面之助益。 / Labor market flexibility leads the private companies to adopt atypical employment. However, the government institutions also follow this rule to solve the problem of limited personnel budget so that public employment agencies start to adopt atypical employment. Case management was adopted by public employment agencies in 2002 to enhance the performance of public employment service. However, case managers are hired either on fixed-term basis or as dispatched workers. As a result, their working conditions, labor rights and service quality become a great concern. This study would like to discuss the concerned issue and attempt to offer policy recommendations. Case managers help the disadvantaged groups to enter the labor market and they usually need to face the highly complex problem. They should understand the needs of vulnerable clients and make long-term plans to assist them to successfully enter the labor market. The work of case managers has been existed at least for ten years, suggesting that it is not a temporary work. But public employment agencies do not treat them as regular employees to meet their manpower needs. Case managers are supposed to serve those disadvantaged groups, but now their plight is the same as that of their vulnerable clients, which makes their service in jeopardy. Based on the investigation of the working conditions of case managers, policy recommendations are as follows: 1.For the model of case management: (1) Improving assessment model (2) Simplifying the work of the case manager (3) Pursuing quantitative goals while not neglecting qualitative ends as its performance indicators (4) Expanding available resources (5) The job of case management is necessary and needs to be treated as an independent task. 2.For the working condition of case manager: (1) Case managers are to be employed on a permanent basis (2) Eliminating the dispatched employment (3) working conditions should be reasonable. Thus, case management should be considered as a long-term work that has a career prospect in order to provide better service for the disadvantaged groups and help enhance the performance of public employment agencies.

台灣於近年來為了保護勞工，增設了許多法令，使得僱主的支出增多，造成成本上揚，部份企業因而外移至中國大陸、東南亞等國，有些企業則採取僱用外籍勞工方式，僱用短期人力、兼職人員、彈性上班人員、或採取業務外包等彈性人力的運用方式，這無非都是為了降低人力成本、提升企業競爭力。根據針對國內一千家大企業所作的調查結果顯示，目前高達近七成的企業已採用派遣、計時或短期聘僱的約聘人力，且未來有將近三成五的企業會繼續考慮擴大約聘人力的規模。 「勞動派遣」或稱「派遣人力」對國人而言，是一個較新的名詞，但是在國外先進工業國家中，如：德國、日本、法國、英國等均已行之多年；而台灣也陸續有許多行業採用經派遣公司所派遣的員工，但是大部份集中於服務業，如大樓管理員、守衛人員、打掃清潔工、電腦程式設計師、外語翻譯人員等，近來並有由早期藍領階層慢慢擴展至白領階層的趨勢。勞動派遣之所以具有學理上討論空間之處，係其具有「僱用與使用分離」的特性，目前的法律並未對此類勞動型態予以明文規範，主管機關行政院勞工委員會(以下簡稱勞委會)並於民國九十三年將「勞動派遣法草案」提請行政院審議。 本文主要係以民法之規定為中心，來探論勞動派遣當事人(派遣機構、要派機構、派遣勞工)間的法律關係，先就法理性釐清當事人之行為所可能涉及的法律後，方能更進一步釐清其應負之法律責任。同時，本文嚐試著以勞動派遣為主題，配合工程技術顧問公司屬於專門技術職業的產業特性，其中所涉及具執業技師身分者為派遣勞工時就所為圖樣與書表簽證的效力尤具探論之處，依此作為本論文之主要研究課題。文末，並就既有勞動法規若應用在勞動派派中可能引起的問題，與立法之方向提出探討。