本論文共計一冊，約五萬字，共分為四章，十七節。 第一章介紹研究的背景，探討與傳播學相關的理論，以及有關婦女問題方面的研究報 告，從而決定作者的研究目的及假設。 第二章說明研究的方法，何以用內容分析，如何選定報紙的內容，如何抽樣、分類、 測量，逐步將散漫的資料整理出條理來。 第三章說明資料分析出來的結果，分別從讀者來信及專欄回答兩方面，反映社會轉形 期的價值觀念變遷的事實。 第四章討論資料分析最後的結果，有所損益不足之處加以說明，同時建議今後類似價 值的研究方向，俾使後學者有所依循參考。

本文共分六章：第一章研究動機與目的，第二章文獻探討，第三章研究問題與假設， 第四章研究方法，第五章分析與解釋，第六章結論與建議。約三萬字。 本研究所欲探討的問題：一、比較媒介通道與人際通道的告知功能，二、比較印刷媒 介與電子媒介的告知功能，三、政見會的角色，四、媒介組合的告知功能。研究的自 變項是使用各種通道的情形，應變項是政治知識的多寡，檢定變項包括媒介暴露的內 容型態、對各種通道的信任程度與選舉侯選人的標準。

近年來台灣政府積極推動「營造英語生活環境行動方案」，再加上「國小英語課程」的實施，使得國小校園中充斥各種英語印刷文字佈置。本研究旨在了解這些校園英語環境印刷文字佈置之設計與成效及如何有效運用這些英語教學資源。 本研究對象來自於台北縣一國小九位教職員(其中包括四位行政人員和五位英語教師)以及622位三到六年級的學童。資料收集主要來源為訪談及問卷。收集的資料(主要採用描述性統計及卡方檢定)分別進行分析比較。 本研究主要的發現如下: 1.校園英語環境印刷文字佈置設計規劃主要由教育主管機關以及學校行政人員決定和負責。 2.英語教師參與校園英語環境印刷文字佈置設計規劃的程度會影響她們是否使用這些英文印刷文字進行教學的意願。 3.80%以上的受訪學生都注意到校園中的英語環境印刷文字佈置，也顯示高度的學習意願。但是由於多數英語教師未使用這些英語環境印刷文字於教學，這些校園英語環境印刷文字佈置對於學生英語學習幫助不明顯。 4.大部分的受訪者贊同校園中英語環境印刷文字佈置的必要性，並提出建議。 本研究有助於初步瞭解校園中英語環境印刷文字佈置的設計使用情形和成效。文末作者進一步提供英語環境印刷文字佈置設計和應用之相關建議，作為未來校園英語環境印刷文字佈置設計之參考。 / In Taiwan, with the policy of creating an English-friendly environment and new elementary school English curriculum, different kinds of environmental print (EP) such as English signs and English learning related posters can be seen in nearly every elementary school. It is important to have a clear idea about the effectiveness of elementary school’s environmental print (ESEP) and how to make use of ESEP. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the design of the ESEP and its effect in language learning and teaching. Participants of the study were nine school staff and 622 students sampled from the third grade to the sixth grade in one elementary school in Taipei county. Two sets of interviews and questionnaires were employed to collect data. Both qualitative analysis of interviews and quantitative statistical analysis (descriptive statistics focusing on frequency and percentage examination, and chi-square test) of the questionnaire were employed. The major findings are summarized as follows. First, the design of ESEP is primarily a top-down process. The educational authority and the school’s administrative staff directed the design of ESEP. Second, the degree of the involvement of the design of ESEP influenced English teachers’ willingness to conduct ESEP instruction. Third, more than 80% of the students noticed the existence of ESPE and showed high interest in learning about ESEP. However, without English teachers’ instruction, the effectiveness of ESEP in students’ language learning was not obvious. Fourth, most participants appreciated the existence of ESEP, and they gave suggestions for future ESEP development. Finally, some implications and suggestions for future research were discussed.

本論文使用非監督式新細胞認知機（Unsupervised neocognitron）神經網路來便是印刷體中文字。 關於非監督式新細胞認知機，本論文提出兩項修改。第一項，Us1子層的結點不進行學習，而是直接套用人為方式所指定的12個區域特徵，而Us1之後的S子層仍然使用非監督式學習的方式決定其所要偵測的區域特徵。第二項修改則是，在學習過中設定一個上限值來限制代表節點（representative）產生的個數。如此設計的目的是為了避免模板（cell-planes）分配不均的問題。在本研究，採用這兩項修改的新細胞認知機稱為模式一，而使用第二項修改的新細胞認知機稱為模式二。 本論文裡的所有實驗分為兩部分。在第一部分有四個實驗，這些實驗都使用相同的訓練範例與測試範例。訓練範例有兩組，第一組包含“川”,“三”,“大”,“人”,“台”等五個中文字。而第二組包含“零”,“壹”,“貳”,“參”,“肆”等中文字。訓練範例都市採用細明體，而測試範例則是採用其他九種不同字體。第一個實驗的主要目的是測試模式一的績效。實驗結果顯示，模式一很容易學習成功而且辨識率可以接受。另外三個實驗的目的是想要了解某些參數值與系統績效的關係。這些參數包含S-欄的大小（the size of S-column），模板樹（the number of cell-planes），以及節點的接收場大小（the size of cells’ receptive field）。這三個實驗所使用的網路系統是模式一。 第二部分有二個實驗，主要的目的是比較模式一與模式二的系統績效。在第一個實驗，所使用的訓練範例與第一部分實驗相同。實驗結果顯示模式一比較容易成功地學習，而且系統有不錯的表現。第二個實驗，使用17個中文字做為訓練範例。這17個字包括“零”,“壹”,“貳”,“參”,“肆”,“伍”,“陸”,“柒”,“捌”,“玖”,“拾”,“佰”,“仟”,“萬”,“億”,“圓”,“角”。實驗結果顯示，模式一仍然是一個不錯的系統。 / In this study, we are investigating the feasibility of applying the unsupervised neocognitron to the recognition of printed Chinese characters. Two propositions for the unsupervised neocognitron are mentioned. The first on proposes that the input connections of the first layer are manually given, and all subsequent layers are trained unsupervised. The second one concerns the selection of representatives. During the process of learning, the number of cell-planes that send representatives for each training pattern has an upper bound. The unsupervised neocognitron with implementing these two propositions is named as Model 1, and the unsupervised neocognitron with implementing only the second proposition is named as Model 2. Experiment in this study are grouped into two parts, called Part I and Part II. In Part I, four experiments are conducted. For each experiment, two sets of training patterns will be conducted respectively. The first one, called the simple training set, consists of five printed Chinese characters“川”,“三”,“大”,“人”, and “台” with size of 25*25 in MingLight font. The second one, called the complex training set, contains another five printed Chinese characters“零”,“壹”,“貳”,“參”, and “肆” in the some font and size. After training, these characters of other nine different fonts are presented to test the generalization of the network. The objective of the first experiment of Part I is to investigate the performance of Model 1. Simulation results shot that Model 1 demonstrates a good ability to achieve a successful learning. In other three experiments, the effect of choosing different value for some parameters in investigated. The parameters include the size of S-column, the number of cell-planes, and the receptive field of cells. In Part II, a comparison of the performance of Model 1 and Model 2 is made. In the first experiment, Model 1 and Model 2 are trained to recognize the simple and complex training sets described above. Experimental results show that Model 1 shows higher ability to achieve a successful learning, and performance of Model 1 is acceptable. In the second experiment, 17 training patterns are presented during the learning process. These training patterns include “零”,“壹”,“貳”,“參”,“肆”,“伍”,“陸”,“柒”,“捌”,“玖”,“拾”,“佰”,“仟”,“萬”,“億”,“圓”,, and “角”. From the simulation results, Model 1 is a promising approach for the recognition of printed Chinese characters.

印刷電路板產業被稱為「電子系統產品之母」，在我國工業中扮演極為重要的角色，而銅箔基板為印刷電路板生產製造所需之最主要原料，其不僅對印刷電路板產品之品質有很大的影響，也在其材料成本中佔最高的比重。銅箔基板產業上承樹脂、銅箔及玻纖布等原物料供應鏈，下接印刷電路板之製造，居印刷電路板產業鏈之樞紐位置，其重要性不言可喻。 歷經長期的發展，銅箔基板產業已逐漸由成長期步入成熟期，產業的競爭也已趨於白熱化。近年來的產業環境變化，如四C(電腦、通訊、消費性電子與汽車)產業的蓬勃發展、環保意識抬頭及其相關法令政策的制、修訂、大陸世界工廠的成形、以及業界的垂直整併與規模擴張等，除對業者造成衝擊與挑戰外，也帶來了新的機會，如何掌握機會並因應挑戰？考驗著經營者的智慧。 本研究採個案研究方式探討台灣銅箔基板產業之經營策略，首先檢視產業之外部環境，其中並以Porter之五力分析模型進行產業的結構與競爭分析，再彙整出外部環境變化所產生的機會與威脅；其次，透過資料蒐集及深度訪談方式，探討個案公司過去之經營策略與績效、其組織之策略困擾及挑戰、與其內部優、劣勢後，提出研究者對該公司經營策略的觀察與建議。也期望藉本個案研究可以讓台灣的銅箔基板廠商對整體外部環境之變化有更進一步的了解，並可供作其審視組織內部優、劣勢，及擬定經營策略時之參考。 關鍵詞：「印刷電路板」、「銅箔基板」、「經營策略」、「五力分析」、「SWOT分析」 / The printed circuit board (PCB) industry is called “the mother of the products of electronic systems” and plays a very important role in Taiwan’s industry. Copper clad laminate (CCL) is the most essential material necessary to the manufacturing of the PCB. It’s not only strongly related to the quality of the PCB products, but also accounts for the maximum proportion of the material cost. The CCL industry succeeds to the supply chain of materials such as resin, copper and glass cloth and connects with the production of PCB. It’s situated at the pivot position of the PCB industry and the importance of CCL industry is self-evident. After long-term development, CCL industry has gradually stepped into the “maturity stage” from the “growth stage” and the competition in this industry has become intense. The recent changes in the industry environment such as the prosperous development of the 4C industries (Computer, Communication, Consumer electronics and Car), environtal consciousness gaining ground and leading to the legislation and amendment of the related ordinances and policies, the forming of China as the world factory, the industrial vertical integration and scale-up expansion etc. not only result in the impact and challenges but also bring in new opportunities. How to grasp the opportunities and respond to the impact challenges the wisdom of the senior management. The business strategy of Taiwan’s CCL industry was looked into by means of case study in this present research. Firstly, the external environment of the industry was examined among which Poter’s five forces framework was used to analyze the industry structure and the competition inside. Then, the threats and opportunities resulted from the changes of external environment were summarized. Secondly, the case company’s business strategies and achievements in the past, the bother and the challenges of the organization in strategy formulation, the internal strengths and weaknesses of the corporate were investigated via data collection and depth interview. Eventually the observations and suggestions on the business strategy of the case company were addressed. It is hoped that this research could provide Taiwan’s CCL manufacturers with a further understanding to the changes of external environment and serve as a reference resource while the manufacturers examine their strengths and weaknesses and formulate their business strategies. Key Phrase: PCB, CCL, Business Strategy, Five Forces Analysis, SWOT Analysis

印刷業的業態可歸類為製造業及服務業二者的綜合體，從客戶接單開始到生產製造出印刷完成品送至客戶端這中間流程的複雜度及變化度，對於個案公司日常營運的管理能力及製程能力都深具考驗。本論文以PWIO模式為架構，個案公司為主體，分析及呈現企業內部流程實作，了解其可強化改善之處，提出具體建議以供個案公司目標修正之參考。本論文同時結合品質成本管理分析與PWIO模式，辨識改善品質成本目標所闗聯之價值流程，以供個案公司未來進行流程改善及設定績效管理，達到目標設定之品質成本結構，以強化個案公司之競爭力，降低成本增加獲利。 本研究針對個案公司，透過PWIO模式及品質成本管理分析之結合應用，所得具體結論及建議包括： 一、就銷售及收款、付款循環而言： 1. 縮短應收帳款與沖帳作業的催帳時間，調整逾齡帳款處置時間與設定停止交易日，避免時間拖延而提高產生壞帳的風險。 2. 建立客戶信用評等機制，降低客戶倒帳風險。 二、生產作業偱環： 3. 排單作業應由印刷廠務純人工作業改為由行政系統改版加入自動篩選建議功能, 以提昇印刷廠務排單的精確度及自動化，增加生產效率。 4. 建立一套庫存管理稽核制度及領料制度，以確保原物料的持續供應，亦可較精確地估算每批印件的生產成本，業務人員在估算價格及利潤時能更精確的掌握。 5. 重新檢討個案公司目前之品檢制度及人力配置，設置廠內品管人員改善廠內生產不良品比率，以減少時常要插單補印壞品數量賠償。 三、品質成本管理： 個案公司之品質成本結構中，內部失敗成本加上外部失敗成本相對於品質成本的比例高於70%，預防成本比例低於10%，可以得知個案公司在品質成本管理上，可加強預防成本及鑑定成本的投資及改善，以降低品質成本。 / Using a case study methodology, this research studies subject company which operates in the printing business that focuses on printings and packing products. Due to the job or customer-tailored, and the artistic characteristics of the printings, the ability of management to deal with the complexity of production process is critical for business success. The research uses PWIO approach to analyze and display the subject company’s operation process, as the basis for improvement suggestions. In addition, a combination of PWIO and concepts of quality cost management, this study is able to form the foundation of future improvement and the framework for performance evaluation and management. In summary, the major conclusions and suggestions found in this study are as follows: 1. Sales aspect: Setting a credit policy for clients in order to control the exposure of credit risk. 2. Payment term: In order to reduce the risk of bad debts, we suggest a more rigid review of accounts receivables turnover rate, overdue accounts, and the allowance for uncollectible accounts 3. Production aspect: 1. We suggest Production schedule should be arranged by automatic system instead of manual operation so as to improve production efficiency and maximize outputs. 2. Establish a stock management system in order to assure the supply of raw materials and compute the production cost more accurately. 3. Review the current human resource deployment and the rules of quality management. We suggest that more QA personnel should be staffed to make sure the consistence of product quality. 4. Quality cost management: The research finds that the ratio of internal and external failure costs to total quality cost is greater than 70% for subject company, while the ratio of prevent cost to total quality cost is less than 10%. A further review of stuffs’ skill and training programs are therefore suggested.

本研究以A公司做為研究對象，探討PCB曝光設備廠商的經營策略、精實生產、企業價值管理等相關性議題。 A公司成立初期，研發半自動CCD對位UV燈泡型曝光機，以價格約歐日曝光機的1/3，曝光品質又不低於歐日產品，成功滲透台灣PCB產業，贏得大中廠客戶的好評與信心。17年期間，累計裝機台數已經超出3000台，產品遍佈於台灣、中國、泰國的主要PCB生產廠商，台、中、泰裝機比重約15%、70%、15%。 綜觀3C產品、物聯網設備、穿戴式電子產品、虛擬實境(virtual reality,VR)、無人機、汽車自動駕駛等電子產品，對PCB印刷電路板有三項重要發展趨勢，其一為Any-Layer HDI需求增加；其二為PCB板的線/線距愈趨微細小化，其程度已由50um提升至35um甚至到25um以下。其三為「水俁汞限制公約」於2020年開始實施，將全面禁用含汞之設施。 因此，對於PCB曝光設備廠商A公司而言，也面臨以下三大挑戰。其一為創新研發技術，開發高精密、高產出的DI直接成像曝光設備，並於IC產業贏得市佔率。其二為開發 UV LED 燈源型傳統曝光機，以因應2020年「水俁汞防制公約」的實施及綠能化產品之趨勢。其三為2017年如何調整經營策略突破困境，持續成長，獲取超額利潤，提升企業價值。 本研究擬透過個案研究方法，進行研究訪談，收集初級及次級資料，透過TOWS分析、五力分析、BMC九宮格圖、精實生產、企業價值管理等分析，最後總結經營策略、精實生產、企業價值三者間的相關性，彙整PCB曝光設備產業的關鍵成功因素、中長期的策略方針，做為本研究之結論與建議，提供台灣PCB曝光設備廠商的未來發展之參考。 / This research mainly take Company A as the research object to discuss the business strategy, lean production, enterprise value management and other related issues of PCB Exposure Equipment Manufacturers.At first, Company A was setup for Semi-automatic CCD alignment UV lamp-type exposure machine research and development. With the same or higher quality compared to the European and Japanese products but about 1/3 of the retail price, company A successfully penetrate Taiwan's PCB industry, winning praise and confidence from lots of customers. During the 17-year period, the cumulative total number installed has surpassed 3,000 units. Its products are located in major PCB manufacturers in Taiwan, China and Thailand. The proportion between Taiwan, China and Thailand is 15%, 70% and 15% respectively. Comprehensively looking into the evolution of the electronics industry, there are three important trends for PCB printed circuit boards of electronics products, including 3C products, IoT devices, wearable electronics, virtual reality, drones and autopilot. One is the increasing demand of Any-Layer HDI, the other is the PCB board line / line spacing requirements becoming increasingly smaller and smaller, and has to be improved from 50um to 35um or even less than 25um . Third, the launch of Minamata Convention on Mercury in 2020 will completely ban the use of mercury-containing cosmetics, coal-fired power generation and lighting fixtures. AsFor factors mentioned above, company A faces the following three challenges. One is to reserch and develop innovative technologies to produce high-precision DI direct imaging exposure equipment and gain market share in the IC industry. The other is the development of a full range of traditional UV LED exposure machines to meet the 2020 "Mercury Control Convention" implementation. Third, how to adjust business strategy in 2017 to breakthrough difficulties, sustained growth, excess profit, and enterprise value to defeat the slowdown or decline of the performance growth rate over the past five years. This study intends to conduct research interviews and collect primary and secondary materials from company A, using "Case Study Method", with the analysis of “TOWS”, "Five Forces Analysis", "Business Model Canvas", "Lean Production" and "Enterprise Value Management".Finally, "key success factors" and "medium and long-term strategic directions" were compiled for this research and providing a reference for the future development of Taiwan PCB exposure equipment manufacturers.