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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

台資企業香港上市動機與T-Shares的績效

張國蓮 Unknown Date (has links)
2005年2月3日,台灣最大的民營企業鴻海精密旗下的富士康國際控股公司(FIH)正式在香港掛牌上市,不但海內外認購熱烈,掛牌後股價表現也大漲數倍,引爆台資企業赴香港上市話題及後續一連串前進香港上市的效應。 目前市場一片台資企業到香港上市籌資成效斐然的聲音,因此本研究依據標準普爾(S&P)與寶來證券(香港)合作共同編製的香港上市台資企業指數(T-Shares)所定義的標準,篩選時間基準日為2007年1月底,合計獲得54家台資企業的樣本,以學術界評估證券組合績效的三種指標為夏普指標、川納指標、簡生阿爾發指標,來實際驗證台資企業在香港掛牌後股價的表現。 本研究的實證結果發現,不論以夏普指標、川納指標、簡生阿爾發指標三種指標中的任一指標來看,代表台資企業整體股價T-Shares的超額報酬表現皆不如香港恆生指數,代表以股價表現評估是否到香港掛牌上市,答案將是否定的。此正反映出只有少數知名度高、獲利前景佳企業的股價受到投資人青睞,交易量活絡外,大部分台資企業的股價依然是乏人問津,交投非常清淡的情況。 顯然,台資企業選擇到香港掛牌上市並非純為籌資需要考量,而是主要著眼於避開台灣投資中國大陸的法令限制,以及中國股市上市的困難度。香港是最接近中國生產基地、掛牌上市制度又與台灣相當的資本市場,因此成為台資企業上市的最適選擇。
2

台資企業香港上市折價現象與報酬研究 / IPO UNDERPRICING AND RETURN STUDY OF HONG KONG LISTED TAIWANESE COMPANIES

吳國鴻, Wu, Kuo Hung Unknown Date (has links)
台資企業赴港上市是否有折價發行現象?影響折價幅度的因素為何?赴港上市的台資企業三個月、六個月、九個月以及一年報酬又受到哪些因素影響?本研究以2001年至2007年為止赴香港上市的台資企業為研究對象,得出31家樣本公司初次公開發行之平均原始報酬率(raw return)為7.228%,經香港恆生指數調整後的平均折價幅度(adjusted return)為7.276%,顯示台資企業赴港上市的確存在著折價發行的現象。迴歸分析之研究結果與Ejara and Ghosh(2004)結論一致,有在台上市櫃母公司的台資企業,折價幅度顯著低於無在台上市櫃母公司之台資企業。此外,香港股市景氣以及前一檔台資企業的首日超額報酬皆為影響下一檔台資企業折價幅度的顯著因子。實證結果也指出選擇台灣承銷商之台資企業,折價幅度顯著大於選擇其他承銷商之公司。   樣本經香港恆生指數調整後之三個月、六個月、九個月以及一年報酬率方面,全體樣本超額報酬之中位數於發行後三個月、六個月,一年以及發行後兩年與三年分別為-1.03%、-8.66%、4.88%、-2.28%以及-24.88%,顯示整體台資企業表現落後香港恆生指數。迴歸結果則顯示,發行規模較大的台資企業三個月、六個月、九個月以及一年報酬率顯著較高。
3

經濟全球化下的地方政府治理模式轉型-昆山地方政府與台資企業互動模式之研究

陳振偉 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要在分析作為全球化代理的台資企業,在進入昆山當地的經濟社會後,對其地方治理模式造成如何的影響?且在雙方互動的過程中,其治理模式如何歷經不同階段的變化?本研究的重點,在藉田野訪談資料,分析昆山個案,尤其以昆山地方政府與其外資大宗—台資企業—間的互動模式,探究昆山地方政府如何在側身全球化的過程中,展開地方治理機制的調整適應。根據作者調查發現,昆山的地方治理模式,在歷經1996至2000年的過渡期後,已從昔日擴大參與、協商妥協者型的「合作夥伴關係」,逐步朝向強調政府主動引領、決策貫徹的「發展型國家」發展。對此,作者將集中探討昆山地方政府,如何為帶動地方的經社發展,而逐步調整其與臺資企業間的互動與協商模式。因此,本研究的成果,將有助理解中國沿海的發展動力,並藉此觀察外資/全球化將如何導引、促成此種不同於理念中「全球時代」的單一制度形式。
4

中共對台資企業政策的演變分析:福建省個案研究(1979年至1997年)

洪志清, Horng, Jyh-Ching Unknown Date (has links)
近二十年來,中共對台資企業的政策演變相當複雜,從政策形成、制定、執行、評估與修訂觀看,實際上已走過一次或多次的政策循環,也歷經不同的環境、機構、決策者與政策學習。瞭解這長期的演變具有相當研究價值。但這政策研究不能只專注於負責政策制定的中央部門,而疏略實際執行地方政府的重要角色。因此,將政策佈局與實踐落腳到特定的地區與地點,可從中獲得深層的政策真相,甚或背離。 在大陸各省中,福建與台灣隔海相望關係最為密切,歸納有地緣、血緣、史緣、香火、物緣、俗緣等六大親密關係。選擇福建省作為個案研究對象,頗能突出這人文、歷史特點。從實際出發亦較之對大陸其它省份更兼具現實意義。換言之,閩台間具有這種相同或相近的人文、歷史與族際文化關係,有著長期穩定性,經得起任何環境變遷衝擊,而尋得認同與所謂「回歸」作用。而北京在規劃福建對台開放戰略的針對性,不會放過這諸因素在各方面的特殊作用。 隨兩岸關係進展,大陸改革開放的擴大與深化,閩台交往日漸頻繁,研究福建台資政策更加引起我們重視。本文結合歷史研究法與系統理論的研究架構,針對福建個案的演變進行分析,並提出一些規範性思考供參。 本文第一個研究主題,分析影響福建台資政策的長期與短期環境變數。研究發現福建台資政策發展過程與實踐與大陸政經情勢及兩岸關係發展進程密切相關,並確實體現其特殊對台關係與優勢。 本文第二個研究主題,是在探討決策者或參與者對福建台資政策之影響,並以「省領導層」為出發點,向上溯及與中共中央領導層的互動,向下伸延與所屬地方執行階層彼此關聯,針對決策互動與發展過程進行研究。研究發現政策環境、政策信仰、派系、領導特質等因素影響台資政策的發展。從長期來看,環境決定政策方向,其餘因素左右政策速度與範圍。 本文第三個研究主題,是探討福建台資政策的產出。研究發現台資政策的發展相當複雜,在福建的政策地位與重要性因時而異,從政策方向、速度、範圍、形式與群聚性,觀察政策的長期演變,發現細部政策行走軌跡並非是直線發展,它的真實面貌停停走走較接近曲折前進,並呈現階段性的盤旋。 本文第四個研究主題,剖析福建與北京在台資政策的互動與博奕關係。研究發現,其一:福建相當擔心兩岸政治角力,致北京在該省的軍事行動影響其經濟發展,以及摧毀多年辛苦建立的閩台經濟關係;其二:在涉台經濟議題上,是福建可能向北京採取遊說、蹉商、討價還價,甚至擴張或對抗的領域;其三:在福建發展台資政策的管理、服務等行政措施上,具相當決定權並能發揮政策革新的影響;其四:追求地方經濟利益培育福建滋長異於北京的政策信念,不過經濟力雖把福建推向“閩(華)南經濟圈”的地緣觀,但演進過程福建自身並未斷絕與北京的政治連結關係。 本文第五個討論主題,在說明台資企業在福建投資狀況,研究發現台資占福建利用外資的比例不低,對福建的影響已涵蓋經濟、社經體制等各層面,不只改變部分地市的經建計畫,最重要它提升福建對台工作的優勢地位,並創造向北京提建言、耍周旋的籌碼與機遇。 本文第六個主題,探討政策影響與回饋,從閩台密切經濟交流凸顯兩岸政經互動的意義,發現兩岸經濟聯繫愈密切,相互依存加深,受損性與敏感度增高,在進行政策選擇時顧慮就越多,安全係數也就相應增加。但必須說明,經濟力能降低多少兩岸政治僵局與軍事衝突,以及在何種情況下,它無法發揮調和緩衝的作用,而完全受制於政治因素,仍有待進一步研究。
5

台商在中國大陸購併策略之研究 / Study on the Mergers and Acquitions Strategy of Taiwaness Enterprises in Mainland China

吳芳銘, WU, FANG-MING Unknown Date (has links)
如何成長,是企業尋求永續經營所關心的永恆主題;如何國際化則是企業在經濟全球化時代面臨的挑戰。國際購併作為企業的擴張模式,同時兼具了企業追求成長和國際化佈局的內涵和效果,是歐美企業經常使用的成長策略和國際市場擴張策略。尤其在廿世紀的九○年代,全球化的風潮和跨國企業(MNCs)的全球化佈局,助長了跨國購併的盛行。 中國大陸在地理上緊鄰台灣,自1978年改革開放後,經濟呈現高度成長,除了是開發中國家首位國際對外直接投資(FDI)的目的地之外,更是全球最大的新興市場和製造工廠。惟與國際購併作為對外直接投資的主要模式比較起來,外資透過購併來經略中國市場並不普遍,在成交金額上僅佔5.5%,這主要是因為中國相關的購併法律環境還不健全、市場機制不成熟、資本市場也未全面開放所導致。因此,跨國購併目前並不是進入中國投資的主流模式。近年來,中國政府加強改善購併相關環境的工作,一方面使得購併活動蓬勃發展,另方面也讓外資得以在中國以購併方式經略中國。 本論文「以成長策略為經,以國際市場進入模式為緯」探討台資企業在中國大陸的購併策略,研究的出發點主要是關懷台商如何以及能否以購併策略來經略中國市場,並探究是否成功。由於過去與此相關的研究相當稀少,本研究可以定位為初探性研究,研究主要採取個案研究法,並在對三個個案研究公司從事購併的高階主管進行深度訪談,以及次級資料蒐集的輔助下,實證研究有幾項結論發現,分述如下: 一、台商以購併方式在中國大陸投資的主要考量是:如何以時間爭取市場空間。簡言之,面對大陸新興市場的高速成長,時間價值取得了投資策略思考的主導地位,形成了廠商以併購方式在中國投資的策略。當廠商面對快速成長的新興市場,購併是快速進入市場的最佳相配適策略。尤其當「時間對市場」變得相當重要的時候,購併是進入一個新市場最迅速的投資方式,此時併購相對於其他投資方式有其獨具的優勢。 在時間上,併購既有廠房確實比新建投資來得快速,進一步拿購併與投入新建廠房的兩三年內相比,在主併公司良好的整合策略配合下,開出新產能和建立新市場,其績效也比自建新廠來得好。以購併作為成長策略,主併公司借助了外部的力量而得以跳躍成長,省卻了以自己內部實力從事創新和開發所需的時間,其成長曲線不同於內部成長策略的S曲線。 二、海外購併投資同時是台資企業國際化的成長策略和海外市場的進入模式。國際併購作為台商的海外市場進入策略,通常兼具有策略性購併的特質,且都是以追求快速成長為目標。併購策略具有台資企業國際化歷程的中繼或過度性質特徵。易言之,在進入策略上,台商和許多其他國家國際企業一樣,採取了從低涉入到高涉入、資源投入從低到高、控制從低到高的模式,而購併模式在國際化過程中,往往是一個過度性質的中繼站,接著再以自建新廠的方式繼續投資,而且多是獨資的方式為之,此乃內部成長策略和外部成長策略兼採的市場進入方式;不過,亦有持續地單以併購與合資等外部成長方式作為投資的模式,來進行國際化的佈局。 購併投資若駕馭得當,可以達成企業設定的成長策略目標,但應考慮經營環境的內外變化,以規避快速成長所帶來的風險。企業外部環境的風險和內部經營能力對購併的影響,當主併公司的企業經營能力不能駕馭經營環境面臨的高度風險挑戰,將把獲來的資產化成為泡沫,一切成為烏有;若是企業能力優良,並且擁有低風險的經營環境,則購併後的主併公司將呈現蛙跳成長,成長快速。若是主併公司的經營能力和經營環境風險有相適應的發展,則呈現穩定的成長狀態,但公司宜加強經營能力,以防風險係數提高,造成公司難以應付的危機出現。 三、在購併整合和是否達成購併目標上發現:(一)購併後的整合端視主併公司與被併公司在資源互賴需求和組織獨立需求高低而決定。這點印證了Haspealagh and Jemison提出的資源整合矩陣觀點。(二)購併後若發生股權變動的情況,亦可能導致整合文化的變化,這說明了購併後整合模式具有動態變化的特性。(三)如果購併方是具有經營優勢的企業,被併者是家虧損企業,則通常購併後整合的主導模式是順向整合的吸納式。(四)整合模式與被併購方的母國和主併公司的母國是否為同一國家沒有必然的關聯。(五)購併雙方規模的大小或許也會影響整合的方式,在三個個案實例中,大對小進行購併都出現了吸納式整合模式,說明了其間的關聯性,但這層關係可能是建築在中介變數的影響下才成立的。筆者認為,主併公司的經營優勢或所有權優勢可能是中介變數,這才是影響主併公司採取吸納式整合模式的關鍵。(六)台商從事購併的整合活動都是從交易後才開始的現象。這和西方在目標公司選擇過程中,或交易談判時即開始進行的習慣有明顯的不同。因此,以「購併」─所透露的「先購後併」意義來形容台商購併的經歷應是較適宜的。(七)當購併達成了公司的策略目標或合併綜效,可以為公司創造價值或增值;反之,則會為公司帶來價值破壞,嚴重者甚至毀滅公司所有價值,將購併成長而來的價值付之一炬。(八)購併成功的可能性來自於整合和時間因素的作用,在購併後短時間內(通常在二年以內)發生整合效益,則購併成功的可能性高;若是購併後經歷了一段長時間(通常在二年以上)而未獲得整合效益,則購併以失敗告終的可能性高,也就是成功的可能性低。 四、台資企業以國際併購方式進入中國大陸市場投資是條可行的方式,但由於是外資購併,影響其成敗的因素多元,在購併決策和購併後整合經營時仍須謹慎應對,才能確保成功的可能性。在中國大陸經濟的持續成長、國有企業的轉型與改革和外商購併法制環境趨於健全之際,台商以購併進入中國投資是可以考慮的方式,尤其是對跟隨者和後進者來說,更是一個追求快速成長者的較佳選擇,或許可以透過此投資方式,取得與先驅者並駕齊驅或迎頭趕上的機會。但投資者也應考慮在中國大陸從事購併可能的風險。尤其,中國大陸的政經環境不可預期因素較多、資訊的不對稱和不夠透明化、產權(股權)問題的限制、公司治理結構的制約、司法救濟的不足、法律與文化差異等仍是外資購併大陸企業的障礙,這是想要以購併投資中國公司所必須考慮的問題。 總之,透過購併來達成公司成長,須在明確的公司願景和成長目標下,審視自身的能力與條件,以及外在環境的變化,根據需要制定一套可行的購併策略,再確實執行,並做好整合工作,購併才能增加公司的價值,以成長達到公司追求的願景。 / Keeping growth has been the core issue for corporations seeking continuous operations whereas internationalization poses a new challenge in this global era. International mergers and acquisitions (M&As) as a means for corporations aiming at business expansion are common occurrences, especially in the late 20th century when multinational companies (MNCs) were aggressively seeking global presence and expanding overseas operations. Mainland China, geographically adjacent to Taiwan, has been implementing its economic reforms since 1978 and grew rapidly as the new powerhouse of the world in manufacturing as well as in consumption. China has inevitably become one of the top-tier for foreign direct investment (FDI) among all developing countries. International M&As/ Cross-border M&As, however, have not been commonly utilized as vehicles by foreign investors to penetrate China’s market. In the year of 2000, international M&As only represented 5.5 % of the total FDI in China, mainly resulted from the strict regulations on its immature market mechanism and capital market. In light of the Chinese government’s recent attempts to improve its investment environment, including the deregulation of M&As, and to attract foreign investment via M&As, this research project focuses on Taiwanese enterprises’ M&As strategy in Mainland China in line with seeking continuous growth and through internationalization. Major emphasis on investment avenues Taiwanese enterprises to be the best situations of taking advantage in penetrating Chinese markets, and whether Taiwanese enterprises gaining better access to the Chinese market via M&As. In the past, the volume of research in this field is comparatively low; therefore, this research can be regarded as an exploratory study. With in-depth case studies of three selected Taiwanese enterprises that have adopted M&A strategy to enter the Chinese market, based upon my studies, key findings below. 1.“Time Saving" would be the major concern in taking M&A as approach for Taiwanese enterprises to invest in Mainland China. That is to say, to enter a rapidly growing market like China within the shortest time period has not only become the key successful factor (KSF) but also the theme center while envisioning its investment strategy. M&As are under most circumstances, considered as the most suitable and fastest strategy to enter the market, within the shortest time frame, especially when “time” is considered as KSF, and crucial element. Therefore, compared to other FDI avenues, M&As indeed have their unique edge. In terms of saving time, acquiring an existing operation is more effective than starting from ground zero, i.e. building new facilities. Given the identical time frame, with good strategic planning from the home country, the buy-in approach has advantages in boosting up capacity, creating new markets, avoiding high expenses caused by inefficiencies in the start-up period. Parent companies are more likely to have a leap in growth by taking acquisitions with assistance from the external and the growth curve would be different from the S curve. 2.M&As become the major growth strategy for Taiwanese enterprises to approach both purposes of internationalization, and entrance of overseas markets. That cross-border acquisitions of Taiwanese enterprise vehicles to enter overseas markets usually combines two characteristics, strategic acquisitions and rapid growth. M&As often act as a transition point for most Taiwanese enterprise in internationalization process. In other words, Taiwanese enterprise entry policy, like that of the MNCs counterpart, tends to take modules of starting from a low involvement to high, from a low degree of investment to high, and from a low level of control to high; The internationalization process is most often initiated by M&As, followed by increasing investment in constructing new facilities with full ownership. Applying such a policy to enter a foreign market utilizes both internal and external forces to obtain a company’s growth whereas a number of companies, after M&As are completed, prefer strategic alliances with external parties to sustain internationalization. As companies reach their desired growth goals and objectives via well planned investment strategy in the first stage, such as M&As, they should constantly be aware of any subtle changes in the investment environment in order to reduce potential risks arising from any rapid expansion and growth. In a relatively low-risk investment environment, steady growth is anticipated if the parent company is well managed and capable of adapting to environmental changes. That is to say, a parent company should always enhance its operating capability in order to mitigate risks from the ever- changing environment. 3.Can M&A strategy be applied to achieve goals and objectives? Here’s the brief of my thesis conclusion. (1) Post merger integrations (PMI) depend on the degree of interdependence between parent company and acquired company, such as resource supplies and organizational structure, which has matched Integration Matrix Theory by Haspealagh and Jemison. (2) Stock shares reallocations after acquisitions may result in the changes of integrated corporate culture, which illustrates that PMI is subject to variation. (3) When a parent company benefits from the operating over its acquired company, the PMI module is usually in the form of forward integration. (4) There are no correlations between the country origins of the parent company and the acquired company. (5) Scales of the parent company and the acquired company may influence PMI modules. Correlations are defined via these 3 case studies that absorption mode occurs when the parent company has operating advantages over acquired company. Based on the study result, the parent company’s operating advantages or scale over the acquired company are key elements for the occurrence of absorption mode. (6) Unlike enterprises in the USA or Europe where integrations usually begin during M&A negotiation or the process of searching for acquiring targets, Taiwanese enterprises normally start integration process after the acquisition deal is completed. (7) Additional value is created only when M&As comply with a company’s goals and objectives; otherwise, negative impacts from M&As apply. (8) How and when to integrate may be two key factors for a successful acquisition. The study indicates that integration would have a higher chance of success if the process is initiated within two years’ time frame after acquisition. 4.It is recommended that Taiwanese enterprises’ take on M&A as an approach to enter the Chinese market. However, many factors may attribute the results of M&As. The strategic forming and the PMI need to be carefully planned. Mainland China’s investment environment is improving, especially in the deregulation upon FDI’s M&As activities. With its increasing volumes of governmental entities’ reforms and transform actions, as well as its continuous economic growth, M&As strategy is indeed an alternative for Taiwanese enterprises to enter Chinese markets. Such strategy benefits market followers the most as resources and market entry can be obtained within the shortest time frame, and eventually to compete with other market frontiers. Nevertheless, investors should take risks into consideration, comparatively, there are higher levels of uncertainty in its economic and legal environments, restrictions toward ownership and organizational structure, shareholder limitations, culture and legal differences, as well as controlled information channels and sharing. In summary, to reach continuous growth via M&As, strategy should be in line with company goals and objectives. Such strategy should only be made with intensive evaluation of one’s capabilities and environmental circumstances, followed by well planned implementation and integration. By doing so, M&As will create additional value toward companies’ goals and objectives in seeking continuous growth.

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