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地方派系與地方選舉關係之研究--彰化縣個案分析翁翊 Unknown Date (has links)
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台灣省地方選舉公職候選人活動方式研究-基隆市個案分析-王唯民, Wang, Wei-Min Unknown Date (has links)
本文共分八章、二十四節、計有圖六幅,表三十五帖,並附有問卷一份,共約十二萬言。第一章緒論,除敘述研究動機與目的、研究方法與範圍外,並略論基隆市概況。第二章研究侯選人本身,免敘述本省侯選人是怎樣產生的、有些什麼特徵,然後分析他們的動機行為。第三章概括的說明競選活動,從競選活動的理論,論述至法規中的規定。第四章正式針對基隆市候選人競選活動加以說明,從競選費用。競選組織著手,最後將競選活動方式加以比較分析。第五章純粹從分析的眼光來看基隆市侯選入競選活動,其中包括賄選、競選經費與其他條件的關係、競選勝敗的因素與競選活動的策略與技術等。行文至此,對於侯選人競選活動的研究己告了一段落,因此至第六七兩章則轉入研究直接參與選舉的「團體」。第六章先研究基隆市地方派系,除追述起源、演變、形成外,主要看重於其在五七年基隆市地方選舉時的活動情況與影響。第七章緊跟著敘述中國國民黨的輔選佈署,並特別以基隆市黨部的輔選動員過程與內容為例,加以深入說明及檢討。
基於以上的敘述、分析與瞭解,筆者深感這一外來的選舉制度,在缺乏民治思想的我國社會中,雖然已經生根,但距開花結果尚有一段距離; 並且亦領悟到民主政治若只有精神而無制度,固屬雜亂無章因而無法運行,但若只有制度而無精神,則更是虛弱無力因而弊病叢生,故筆者在第八章結論中。同時注重民主制度與民主精神兩方面,提出如何端正選風辦好選舉的建議,以就教於高明。
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鄉鎮型地方派系與選舉關係之研究-以礁溪鄉為例 / Relationship between local factions and the election: a case of Jiaosi.莊家榮, Chuang, Chia Jung Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要採文獻分析法、深入訪談法。首先,整理國內外地方派系相關概念及其理論;其次,藉由既有文獻及地方政治人物的訪談,來深入瞭解礁溪鄉地方派系之形成、發展與運作;第三,從政治、經濟、社會三個層面來觀察礁溪鄉地方派系的動員基礎;第四,透過歷次地方選舉結果來分析地方派系與選舉的關係;最後,提出研究發現與建議。
經研究分析與訪談結果,其總結及研究發現如下所列:一、礁溪鄉地方派系因地理區隔與產業型態不同而產生,因河道爭議與選舉恩怨而對立;二、地方派系的力量凌駕於政黨之上,並無受到政黨控制;三、從嚴重對立到良性競爭;四、地方派系與政黨形成聯盟關係;五、林吳兩派的差異比較;六、地方派系權力結構屬於同心圓,並無明顯層級;七、政黨輪替對礁溪地方派系影響不大;八、除林、吳兩派之外,曾短暫出現第三勢力;九、賄選風氣仍然存在;十、未來地方派系會逐漸淡化。
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中國大陸鄉鎮選舉制度改革研究-四川省步雲鄉案例分析林惠琪 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文旨在探討1990年後期興起的中國大陸鄉鎮選舉改革。四川省遂寧市市中區步雲鄉1998年的鄉長直選係全中國大陸首例。因此以步雲鄉鄉長直選為案例,探討其起源、歷程、困境及意義為何?特別是著重探究推動基層選舉改革的動因為何?本論文使用「次級資料分析法」與「案例分析法」為研究方法,進而分析中國大陸基層選舉制度的相關海內外文獻,另採用理性選擇制度變遷、自主性制度變遷及強制性制度變遷等理論,以及國家與公民社會研究途徑,以探析影響中國大陸基層選舉改革的因素。 / The theme of this thesis lies in probing into the reforms of China’s local election at Xiang/township level that was beginning to rise in late 1990's. The election of Buyun Xiang chief directly in the Shizhong District of Suining in Sichuan Province set a precedent for the first time at the end of 1998. So in order to regard Buyun Xiang as the case, probe into the origin, course, dilemma and meaning of the Xiang chief election directly? Especially understand emphatically what promote the incentive of the election reform at the basic level? The thesis uses “secondary materials analysis” and “case study analysis” as the research method, as to analysing about the relevant documents which study the Mainland China electoral system at the basic level both at home and abroad, and choose Rational Choice Institutionalism, Motivational and Compulsory of Institutional Transitions, complement it with research approach of State and Civil Society, do case analysis to the factor influencing electoral reform at the basic level.
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經濟投票與政黨輪替—以台灣縣市長選舉為例程小綾, Cheng,Hsiao-Ling Unknown Date (has links)
在經濟與政治關係日益密切的今日,經濟表現是否會影響選舉結果已成為學者所關切的議題。目前西方國家,特別是美國,針對中央層級選舉經濟投票行為方面之研究已有高度共識,即經濟表現不佳,會對執政黨的選情不利。至於地方經濟表現對州長選舉有無影響的實證結果,則較為分歧。本文將經濟投票理論應用至台灣縣市長選舉,以台灣21個縣市在1989年至2001年4屆的縣市長選舉作為研究對象,探討致使地方首長選舉結果出現政黨輪替的可能變數,已彌補現有文獻僅考量政治層面、以及中央層級選舉之不足。
經由Probit模型估計後發現,地方失業率於選舉年惡化並不會影響縣市長選舉結果;反而是全國失業率對選舉結果有顯著影響。一般而言,總統政黨執政之縣市皆較非總統政黨執政之縣市不易發生政黨輪替,但若全國失業率於選前攀升,則前者所享有的相對優勢會因此而降低,連帶使其被輪替的機率提升。至於另一全國經濟指標物價膨脹率,則不如全國失業率有影響力,即使物價於選舉年上漲,總統政黨執政縣市出現政黨輪替的機率,亦未有隨之提升的態勢。
另外,在政治變數部分,現任者競選連任有利於現任執政政黨於選戰中勝出;府會是否同黨對選舉結果則無顯著影響。而本文依據邊際效用遞減法則提出的假設亦得到證實,即一黨連任屆數與其發生政黨輪替的機率呈正向關係。
最後,關於時間及縣市虛擬變數部分,本文發現,2001年14屆縣市長選舉發生政黨輪替的機率為4屆之首;而21縣市中,則以嘉義縣、屏東縣、新竹市、台中市、台中縣及基隆市,分居最易發生政黨輪替縣市的前五名。 / Substantial scholarly attention has been at the relationship between economic conditions and election outcomes in most western democratic countries, especially in the United States. Most Studies focused mainly on presidential or congressional elections have indicated a solid evidence that the worse economic conditions will be unfavorable to the incumbents to win the elections. Compared with those coincide conclusions, the results about economic voting in state elections are more discrepancy.
This paper applies the economic voting theory to analyze the county magistrates and city mayors elections in Taiwan and uses a county-and city-level panel data from 1989 to 2001 to examine the possible factors which cause the party rotation of the county magistrates and city mayors elections. After estimating Probit model, the primary finding is that the local unemployment rates have no impact on election outcomes of the county magistrates and city mayors. Instead, the national unemployment rates have a significant effect on election outcomes. Generally, the probabilities of party rotation of the counties and cities ruled by the president’s party are lower than others. However, this advantage will be damaged as the national unemployment rate is higher in the election year than that in the previous year. As to the inflation rates, the other national economical index, are not as influential as the national unemployment rates. For all rising in the election year, the probabilities of party rotation won’t go up.
Additionally, about the political variables, the incumbents are more likely to defeat the challengers and renew their term of office; it has no significant impact on election outcomes whether the incumbent governors and city or county councils are of the same party. The hypothesis which derives from the law of diminishing marginal utility is also proved. The longer the governing party rules the county or city, the higher the probability of party rotation for this county or city.
Finally, the probability of party rotation of the 14th county magistrates and city mayors election is the highest from 1989 to 2001. Chiayi County, Pingdong County, Hsinchu City, Taichung City, Taichung County and Keelung City are the top five ones of the twenty-one counties and cities in terms of the frequency of party rotation.
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台灣地方選舉郎裕憲, Lang, Yu-Xian Unknown Date (has links)
現代民主政治,植基於地方自治;而地方自治之推行,則自選舉始。故朝野如何善事
地方選舉,使確屬賢能之士,出主庶政,為民服務;發言議壇,為民立法,民治成敗
,關係至巨。
台省實施地方選舉,為國史上之首創,又時當日本專制統治五十一年之後,中央政府
甫行遷台,國難嚴重之際,其成敗得失,影響深遠,實不待言。著者之決心研究此問
題者,蓋亦在此。
考現代民主政治雖已成為家喻戶曉之名,詞,然為最難採行之政制。因其施行前必備
之先決條件,屈指難數。諸如:言論、集會、結社與宗教信仰等等之自由已否存在,
司法審判之獨立能否維持;國民之基本教育是否普及;國民之公共道德已否於相當水
準;國民之守法精神已否養成;國民之生活必需是否不虞匱乏;國民之氣質是否溫和
、服從理性;與乎以正義為基礎之社會平等是否存在;政黨活動是否正常等等,不一
而足。依 國父孫中山先生之遺教,民治之施行,猶需「以全縣人口,調查清楚。全
縣土地,測量完畢。全縣警衛,辦妥善。四境縱橫之道路,修築成功。而其人民曾受
四檯之訓練,而完畢其國民之義務,誓行革命之主義者,得選舉縣官,以執行一縣之
政事,得選舉議員,以議立一縣之法律,始成完全自治之縣」。
由於上列條件之未易俱備,且其每一條件又屬重要,台省如今是否已達水準可行普選
﹖此一問題之答案,吾人雖已於書刊所述,報章所載,與日常生活體驗中,多所發現
,然欲深求瞭解,猶有待於從民治基礎加以探討,故研究台省實施地方選舉之歷史背
景,思想淵源、社會環境、實不可缺。
誠然,縱使已具普選之條件,未必保証選舉之成功;蓋選舉之本身,猶備多種複雜難
行之條件也。而台省舉辦地方選舉,時值人心惶惶,國脈如縷之秋,益增問題之複雜
化,有待細心探索者多。
從辦理選務言,遠徵外史,歐美民主先進國家所示範於吾人者,即為選舉之公正與合
法欲求選公正,則平等之競選,公平之監察;公開之選務;與秘密之投票,似不可缺
。考選務之辦理與選舉之監察,在歐美民主先進國家,以美國為例,全國性與地方性
選舉,習慣上俱由民主、共和兩大政黨與地方政府共同負責;故選舉之結果如何,純
憑選民之決定,甚難發生公正與否之疑慮,輿論對此,自無懷疑。台省之政黨分野,
雖有國、民、青三黨之存在,但民、青兩黨在地方上之勢力如何,尚難知曉,是否定
以擔當共同監察選舉,辦理選務之能力,時論亦有所疑;尤有甚者,國人對黨派素乏
認識,所謂「群而不黨」,「吾聞君子不黨」,與「無偏無黨」之古訓,更予人以黨
派非善之觀念,故縱令採行美制,以國、民、青三黨參與辦理選務,共同監察選舉,
是否足以使無黨無派之競選者,信任選舉之公平,亦不無問題。如何抉擇,有待斟酌
。至秘密投票之施行,因憲法本無此一規定,原則上雖無問題,但執行時之如何確保
其貫徹,觀念上與技術上俱有困難。於公平之競選,主持選政者與選務人員是否能「
秉天下為公」之觀念,對待黨內同志與黨外人士一視同仁,似亦有待考驗;因法定雖
公,而執法在人也。另一方面,欲求選舉之合法,則需舉辦選舉之有據。憲法明定省
縣自治法之制定,須依中央制定之省縣自治通則,而該一通則,迄未頒布,則台省之
舉辦地方選舉,究何所據,亦為煞費思索之問題。
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縣市長與縣市議員政黨得票的連動關係 / The Linkage of Party Votes between County Magistrate/City Mayoral and County/City Councilor Elections呂孟威, Lu, Meng Wei Unknown Date (has links)
臺灣縣市議員與縣市長選舉的政黨競爭程度不及中央層級選舉,然而相對於地方首長選舉多數呈現兩黨競爭,地方議員選舉的政黨組成則相對多元,可能是近似縣市長的藍綠對決,也可以是無黨籍遙遙領先其他政黨,或是由單一政黨與無黨籍囊括多數選票,這代表政黨在各地區的議員與縣市長得票存在程度不等的落差。本文即在於尋找能夠解釋議員與縣市長選舉政黨得票連動關係不一的因素,並以「得票差距」及「得票相關程度」測量政黨得票的連動性。結果發現,議員選舉選區規模與議員選舉有效票數(縣市人口規模)等「先天結構因素」與政黨兩項選舉的得票差距具有關聯;除了「先天結構因素」,地方派系與現任議員參選比例等「政黨本身可掌握的因素」同樣與政黨兩項選舉的得票相關程度具有關係。地方派系在地方選舉具有舉足輕重的地位,足以解釋政黨議員與縣市長得票相關程度的變化,不過其與政黨得票差距的關係則未獲得證實,本文推測可能受到派系測量的限制。政黨標籤對地方議員選舉的重要性確實不如縣市長或中央層級選舉,但隨著縣市長選舉的兩黨競爭逐漸滲透至議員選舉,其意義已較以往提升。議員選舉兩黨競爭的出現反映議員選舉政黨化的跡象。 / The party competition is weaker in county/city councilor and county magistrate/city mayoral elections than in central elections in Taiwan. However, Electoral landscape of councilor elections is not the same in districts, rather than competition between two major parties in most county magistrate/city mayoral elections. Some are approximate two-party competition, some are parties lag far behind the independent candidates, others are single party and the independent candidates secure most votes. It indicates that the differences of party votes between county/city councilor and county magistrate/city mayoral elections vary in districts. The study explores the relationship of party votes between county/city councilor and county magistrate/city mayoral elections and uses “difference of party votes” and “correlation of the party votes” to measure the dependent variable. The results show that factors which parties can’t determine have something to do with the difference of party votes between local councilor and magistrate/mayoral elections, such as district magnitude in county/city councilor elections, scale of population in districts. In addition to factors which parties can’t determine, factors which parties can determine also have something to do with correlation of party votes between local councilor and magistrate/mayoral elections, such as local factions, the proportion of incumbent councilors run for another term. Local factions are the pivot of Taiwanese local elections, and can explain the correlation of party votes between local councilor and magistrate/mayoral elections, but the relationship with difference of party votes can’t be verified according to the result of analysis. It could attribute to the measurement of factions. The party label is less important in councilor elections than in county magistrate/city mayoral or central elections, but becomes more meaningful when two-party competition penetrates into councilor elections. The competition between two major parties of councilor elections reflects councilor election towards party competition.
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