保險安定基金制度係：設立一基金或法人，當保險人有失卻清償能力或失卻清償能力之虞，致無法履行保險給付責任或負擔契約責任時，由其負擔給付或保護保戶權益之制度。因此，當發生保險公司失卻清償能力之情形，保險安定基金將成為保障保戶權益的最後一道防線，其制度完備與否，至關重大。 本文以我國保險安定基金法制為中心，研究各國關於保險業退場機制之立法例設計，並將之與保險安定基金或其類似制度做一連結探討，如：美國保險安定基金、英國金融服務補償機制，日本支付保證制度等。雖然各國在資金募集與補償方式等方面各有差異，但皆致力於減輕保險公司失卻清償能力對保戶與社會金融秩序所可能造成的損害。本文介紹目前我國保險法規定下之保險安定基金法制架構，並針對現行法可能衍生的問題進行分析討論，如：保險安定基金之功能定位、徵收方式、墊付限額、規模適足性等，最後提出相關建議供立法者與主管機關參考。 / An insurance guaranty fund is set up to cover an insolvent insurer’s financial obligations, within statutory limits, to policyholders, beneficiaries, annuitants, and third-party claimants. The basic purpose of it is to protect policyholders, beneficiaries, annuitants, and third-party claimants against losses which might occur due to an insolvency of an insurer. Consequently, when an insurer is impaired or insolvent, the system is complete or not is quite important. At first, this study researches the insurance insolvency law of Taiwan and other developed countries, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan. Even if there are many differences in the coverage, statutory limits, and how the funds are assessed, their purposes are the same , that is to reduce the damage might caused by insolvency of an insurer. Moreover, the study focuses on the insurance market stabilization fund law in Taiwan. After discuss the issues and problems which are encountered, the suggestions for resolving such issues and problems are submitted as the conclusion of this study.

就業安定基金（就安基金）屬於政事型基金的特種基金，為勞委會促進國民就業各項舉措的重要經費來源。國內因近年來受到全球經濟不景氣及金融海嘯之影響，企業關廠歇業、政府財政收入減少以及失業率居高不下，對促進國民就業經費需求迫切，也使就安基金經費的運用效益更顯重要。以任務編組附設在勞委會職訓局下的就安基金管理會，肩負有效運用管理就安基金的經費的責任，其現有組織的功能是否能充分發揮，達成任務，值得關切。 本研究針對就安基金管理會組織運作與管理機制、就安基金經費分配妥適性以及就安基金運用效益等議題進行深入探討。本文結合採用文獻探討、次級資料蒐集及個案深度訪談等研究方法，對就安基金之運作與績效評核制度之現況及其面臨的管理議題進行分析。現況分析之主要結果如下： 一、 就安基金之經費執行與成果和上級之使命、願景及施政目標的關聯性有待強化。 二、 就安基金管理會屬任務編組，組織層級低且欠缺專責經營團隊。 三、 就安基金經費運用符合法定設置目的，惟較欠缺中、長程之規劃，資源分配模式有待調整。 四、 就安基金之績效評核機制與績效衡量指標，欠缺考量非財務性之領先指標及顧客回饋指標，無法有效指引成員朝向使命達成的方向前進。 就前述研究結果，本研究嘗試引用平衡計分卡之觀念與精神，對於附設於政府組織下之就安基金管理會，提出建議性之績效評估及管理架構與策略地圖，以作為協助就安基金管理會建構「以策略為核心」運作機制與績效管理之參考。 / The Employment Stabilization Fund (the Fund) is a special fund under the category of governmental funds. The Fund has been an importance resource for the Council of Labor Affairs in promoting domestic employment. The economic downturn and financial tsunami in recent years has severe impacts on Taiwan’s economy. Th shutdown of companies has resulted in the decrease in sources for funding from taxation for government and an increase in domestic unemployment. The Management Council Employment Stabilization Fund (the Management Council), formed as a task force under the Bureau of Employment and Vocational Training, the Council of Labor Affairs (the Bureau), is responsible for the performance of the Fund. As an important resource for promotion of domestic employment, the effective and efficient use of the Fund is essential. Using a case study approach, this thesis analyzes the operation and performance related issues with respect to the Fund. Literature review, the collection of secondary data and in-depth interview has contributed to findings in this study. The major findings of the current operation and management of the Fund are as follows. 1. The linkage between the allocation of funding and mission and policy of the Bureau needs to be enhanced. 2. Operation team should be formed with a higher hierarchy for the Management Council. 3. The allocation of funding is in compliance with the designated uses of the Fund. However, the mid-range and long-range planning is also required to enhance a more effective and efficient use of the Fund. 4. There appears room for improvement of performance management system. Non-financial leading measures such as feedback indicators from service recipients of the agency is not included in the current evaluation system. Based on the findings above and the concepts of the balanced scorecard, this thesis provides a performance management framework for the Fund. The suggestions include a better link between the use of the Fund and the mission of the Bureau, the operation and management action strategy of the Management Council, and the strategy map for the Fund.

在現今保險業多數蓬勃發展的情況下，處於激烈競爭之局面，在日漸自由化之方向和加入世界貿易組織（WTO）之趨勢下，相信發生財務問題的保險業機會大增，故如何落實保障被保險人之權益，以發揮保險安定基金之功能，此為一重要之課題。因此，本論文擬先參考國內相關文獻之資料，再藉助外國之相關立法例－美國、英國、及加拿大之保險法令，並透過對各國保險安定基金制度的整理及介紹，來歸納出建構保險安定基金制度之所可能涉及之問題，並以此架構本文的體系。 本論文共分六章，撮其大要如下： 第一章：緒論－對於本論文研究之動機、目的及方法範圍加以介紹。 第二章：保險安定基金之定義、目的、相關法律關係與相關概念之比較－先對保險安定基金之定義作一簡單之介紹，其次討論相關資料所得知安定基金之設立目的，再來以法律層面來探討補償義務下所牽涉保險人、被保險人和保險安定基金三方當事人之間法律關係，最後再以存款保險與特別補償基金等相類似之概念，與保險安定基金作一比較。 第三章：外國立法例有關保險安定基金保障被保險人之規定－分別介紹美國、英國、及加拿大之相關保險法令，以作為我國保險安定基金之參考。 第四章：我國保險安定基金及其保護被保險人之規定與相關問題－針對我國保險安定基金先作一簡單之說明與歸納，並以現行法令之規定，探討所可能面臨之問題為何，並嘗試對問題提出一合理之解決方案。 第五章：我國現行保險安定基金保護被保險人(給付或補償義務)之探討－針對保險安定基金此一給付或補償義務作一深入之探討，如應保障的保險契約為何、提供保障之時點為何、保障的權利為何、保障之對象為何人及設定保障或給付限額等諸多問題，先透過對我國法律規定之探討，再建構出現行保險安定基金給付或補償被保險人之規範。 第六章：結論與建議－針對現行規定所產生之問題和不足之處，綜合上述之探討，提出建議。

保險制度的經濟效能係在確保保戶經濟生活之安定，倘若保險業者經營不 善以致失卻清償能力，則不僅保戶權益受損，亦會造成社會及經濟不安定 ，有鑑於此，美國於西元一九三五年創設保險安定基金制度，至今，各國 亦紛紛設立此制度。由各國經驗可知，事前防範措施（如保証金之提存、 邊際清償能力標準之訂定、資金運用之規範等）雖可減低保險人失卻清償 能力的機率，但仍無法保証不發生失卻清償能力事件，故有賴事後救濟措 施為之補救，我國於民國六十三年已設立人壽保險業安定基金，但於民國 七十年底因基金累積已達總額而停徵，之後，於民國八十一年修正保險法 時，明訂保險安定基金之設置，自此，我國保險公司如經營發生危機，危 害保戶權益時，保戶即可依一定程序向保險安定基金求償，使投保大眾的 權益多一層保障。 Guaranty Fund in Taiwan

這篇論文研究跨國投資與監理寬容下保險公司之破產問題，同時論文的相關內容簡述於論文第一章中。第二章研究考慮匯率可預測下對跨國投資人資產配置的影響，結果顯示匯率可預測性能有效的提升投資人期末財富。第三章考慮監理寬容下保險公司的破產問題，在美國破產保護法第11章的架構下，保險人與被保險人之權利義務關係，可利用巴黎式選擇權描述，同時建構保證給付指標來衡量不同監理干預準則，數值結果顯示過於寬鬆的監理準則將導致被保險人的財務損失。第四章探討監理寬容下保險安定基金保險費率問題，依照美國破產保護法第11章的架構，安定基金保費可簡化成2個巴黎式選擇權，結果顯示，當前台灣保險單定基金費率有偏低的情形，建議主管機關訂定安定基金費率時需更加謹慎小心。 / This thesis focuses on the international portfolio selection and the bankruptcy cost of the insurance company under regulatory forbearance. The main theme of this thesis is outlined in chapter 1, which also serves as an introduction to the three papers (appearing here as Chapter 2, Chapter 3 and Chapter 4) collected in this thesis. In the theme of the international portfolio selection, Chapter 2 investigates the investment behaviors when learning effect is considered. According to the exchange rate predictability, the investor updates his information and adjusts his portfolio allocation. Finally, the numerical results show that the learning mechanism significantly improves the terminal wealth. In the theme of the regulatory forbearance, Chapter 3 provides an illustration of the impact on the ruin cost due to regulatory forbearance. The concept of the U.S. Chapter 11 bankruptcy code is employed to determine regulatory forbearance. Throughout the framework of Parisian option, a quantitative index of regulatory forbearance called Guarantee Benefit Index (GBI) is developed. The GBI is used to evaluate the different supervisory intervention criteria i.e., relative and absolute intervention criteria. Finally, numerical analysis is performed to illustrate the influence of different financial factors and the intervention criteria. Another important issue in bankruptcy problem is discussed in Chapter 4, i.e., the cost of insurance guaranty fund. It is important to determine the cost of bankruptcy when the insolvent insurance company is took over by the government. Under the U.S. Chapter 11 bankruptcy code, the cost of guaranty fund can be determined through Parisian options. Results show that the current premium rates of Taiwan insurance guarantee fund are far from risk sensitive. Hence the results suggest the government should more prudent to face the bankruptcy problem in insurance industry.

邇來，數家壽險公司，包含2009年之國華人壽、2014年之國寶人壽與幸福人壽以及2016年之朝陽人壽，陸續遭主管機關金融監督管理委員會（下稱金管會）宣布接管，並委由保險安定基金辦理國華人壽、國寶人壽與幸福人壽之標售退場程序。上開問題壽險業之資本適足率未達法定標準或淨值為負時，金管會與相關單位未立即積極處理，甚而遭監察院糾正金管會未正視問題保險業退場法制之缺失並加以修正改善。面對問題壽險業失卻清償能力之窘境，立法機關在問題保險業退場法制上有幅度甚廣之修法，先後自2014年6月4日公布調整安定基金之權限與問題保險業之監理措施，以及參照外國立法例增訂過渡保險機制；2015年2月4日則修正公布資本適足率標準之分級，進而明確制定主管機關得採取之監理措施與其效果。 　　然而，其中有關過渡保險機制之立意雖屬良善，相關法制架構，付之闕如。考察美國、加拿大與日本等國家之保戶保障機制，有以過渡保險機構處理問題壽險業之經驗與制度，為貫徹有效維持保戶保障之處理原則，若我國保戶保障機制除承接問題保險業之保險契約外，另設過渡保險公司承接問題保險業之資產、負債與營業，具有重大實益。參酌他國之實務經驗與制度，本文建議《保險法》第149條之2第3項規定，對於所謂過度保險機制應提高位階，修改為以保險法明訂或以保險法明確授權之法規命令立法方式，授權主管機關得就過渡保險機構之具體內容與範圍加以明訂相關辦法。另考量我國保險法制與監理環境，且實務慣例上多委託保險安定基金擔任接管人，由其發揮過渡機構之功能而自行承接問題保險業之保險契約，實乃治絲益棻。本文建議未來管理辦法應應以保險安定基金透過設立過渡保險公司承接問題保險業之資產、負債與營業為宜。

我國在民國81年時，正式於保險法中立法規範保險安定基金之相關事項，迄今已逾十五年。在民國96年修法後，我國保險安定基金制度更有了重大變革：不但產壽險安定基金合併且組織實體化成為專責機構，保險法第143條之3也增訂了第一項第四～六款，擴大保險安定基金得辦理之事項，未來的角色不再只是單純的資金之收付、管理，而是更積極參與保險業之監理與退場機制之運作。而保險安定基金經歷如此大幅度的變革，無可避免將會面臨許多問題。 因此本研究將保險安定基金與金融制度完善之英國的金融服務補償計畫，以及處理我國存款金融機構退場事件經驗豐富，功能與組織皆堪稱完備的中央存款保險公司進行制度比較，並對於保險安定基金各層面改革之相關問題，諸如法律規範、組織架構、資金之徵收、資金不足之處理、各項工作執掌及作業、與其他單位之配合等事項，提出具體建議以供主管機關參考。 / The Insurance Stabilization Fund system of Taiwan, found in 1992, has operated for more than 15 years according to the Insurance Act. After the amendment of 2007, some major differences were brought to the system. First of all, the two originally independent foundations for life and non-life insurance stabilization fund would be merged and organized with substantial structure. Moreover, by amending article 143-3 of the act, the legislature expanded more functions for the stabilization fund. As a result, the Fund would no longer be just a “pay box”, but instead, handling the liquidation procedures, and providing constructive assistance to the regulation of insurers. However, with the scale and level of the reform, it is inevitable to face lots of challenges and problems. The following study dedicated to the introduction of the Insurance Stabilization Fund in Taiwan, the Financial Services Compensation Scheme of the UK and Central Deposit Insurance Corporation in Taiwan, then make thorough comparison over main aspects among the three systems. Through the analysis with these three systems, this study will provide solutions and recommendations to the conflicts that may occur.