在漫長的蘇聯歷史中，史達林1932至1953年間的執政歲月，藉由建築藝術的刻畫而深深地烙下不能抹滅的記號。1917年十月革命成功至1953年史達林逝世止，為蘇聯歷史中一段特別又耐人尋味的時期。二０年代的建築師以飽滿堅毅的精神信念，塑造出人類史上第一個社會主義國家的建築形象，他們企圖以建築作為書寫歷史的工具。革命成功後，建築營建配合社會大眾的需求，建築的功能更為平民化。同時建築也成為新政府政策的輔助工具，大量新型的公社大樓與城市建設工程反映出二０年代開始的經濟集體化政策。無論是構成主義或是古典主義，建築師以多樣新穎的設計展現革命後初期政治經濟社會短暫的自由氣氛。隨著史達林的掌權，蘇聯官方逐漸統一文藝創作方向，導致二０年代自由創作風氣消失匿跡。1931年蘇維埃宮設計競賽確立三０至五０年代初期整個蘇聯建築藝術發展的方向，古典主義與折衷主義取代先前前衛自由的創作風格，建築設計的一致性突顯出史達林時期的專權政治。當時史達林透過建築空間的營建規劃，擴大人民對社會主義思想的接觸，無論是地鐵站的內部設計裝潢或是建築上的外觀雕刻設計，甚至是建築的命名來源等，藉由這些藝術張力的散佈，建築設計成為史達林傳達思想理念的平台。以蘇聯建築為認識與探索蘇聯歷史變化的媒介，藉著分析史達林時期的圖騰表象來剖視歷史事件的政經背景與時代氛圍，經由建築本身之「永恆性」與「可見性」特質，還原建築「渲染」及「保存」俄羅斯革命後蘇聯社會的精彩面貌與年代風華。

本研究旨在運用用後評估的方法，蒐集並評析師生使用意見，輔以訪談學校行政人員，藉以瞭解綠建築規畫是否符合學校實際需求，及實務面使用後產生的課題，俾作為日後學校建築改善及未來規劃學校綠建築的參考。 　　為達上述研究目的，本研究係對新北市猴硐國小教職員及高年級學生、桃子腳國中小教職員及五、六、七、八年級學生以「新北市學校綠建築使用意見調查問卷」進行問卷調查，共計猴硐國小教職員問卷15份，學生問卷24份；桃子腳國中小教職員問卷78份，學生問卷263份。此外，並分別以「新北市學校綠建築用後評估訪談大綱」，進行校長或總務主任對學校綠建築使用意見與建議的訪談調查，輔以「新北市猴硐國民小學綠建築用後評估觀察表」及「新北市桃子腳國中小綠建築用後評估觀察表」，觀察二校學校綠建築使用與維護之情形，以期能獲取較完整且深入的綠建築用後評估相關資料。研究結論如下： 一、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小學校綠建築設計規劃能具體落實於實施現況。 二、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小師生對學校所取得之綠化量指標屬滿意程度，且桃子腳國中小學生對學校所取得之綠化量指標滿意度因年級不同而有差異。 三、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小師生對學校所取得之基地保水指標屬滿意程度，且猴硐國小教職員對學校所取得之基地保水指標滿意度因年齡不同、桃子腳國中小學生對學校所取得之基地保水指標滿意度因年級不同而有差異。 四、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小師生對學校所取得之日常節能指標屬滿意程度，且桃子腳國中小學生對學校所取得之日常節能指標滿意度因性別、年級不同而有差異。 五、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小師生對學校所取得之水資源指標屬滿意程度。 六、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小師生對綠建築帶來學校認同感屬同意程度，且桃子腳國中小學生對學校認同感因性別、年級不同而有差異。 七、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小師生對綠建築概念融入課程教學屬同意程度，且桃子腳國中小學生對學校將綠建築概念融入課程教學同意程度因年級不同而有差異。 八、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小綠建築使用與維護之情形良好。 九、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小綠建築實施之困境在於綠建築觀念較難傳遞與落實，需自設計初衷精神出發。 十、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小綠化量指標之困境在於整草與綠圍籬安全，需投入人力或社區守望相助為對策。 十一、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小基地保水指標之困境在於透水鋪面與紅砂操場之清整，以及滯洪池觀念之推廣，需納入預算編列，以及加深加廣宣達為對策。 十二、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小日常節能指標之困境在於夏季溫度過高以及太陽光直射，須以電器用品及移動座位為對策。 十三、新北市猴硐國小與桃子腳國中小水資源指標使用與維護情形良好。 　　最後，本研究依據研究結果提出建議，提供未來學校、教育行政主管機關進行學校綠建築規劃之有效參考。 / This study aims to use methods of post-evaluation methods, to collect and analyze the using opinion of the teachers and students. Supplemented by interviews with administrators of schools in order to learn about whether green building planning is necessary to meet the actual needs of the school, and practice topics arising from the use, as school buildings to improve and plan schools of green buildings in the future. 　For up above purposes, this study researches on staffs and the high grade students of Houtong elementary school, New Taipei City, and staffs and the five, six, seven and eight grade students of Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City by" Questionnaire of opinion of using green buildings of New Taipei City. " We took back 15 copies of questionnaire from Houtong elementary school staffs, 24 copies questionnaire from students; peach feet country small staff questionnaire 78 copies of questionnaire from Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School staffs, and 263 copies of questionnaire from students. In addition, we used" Interview outline of post evaluation of school green building, New Taipei City" separately to each school, to interview and study on the using views of principals and director of general affairs. Also, we used" observation table of post evaluation of school green building of Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School," to observe green building using and maintenance of two schools to get more related data of green building. Research findings were as follows: 1.Green building plan can be implemented in the application status in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. 2.Teachers and students were satisfied with the Greenery Indicator in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. The satisfaction of Greenery Indicator varied significant from grades among Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School students. 3.Teachers and students were satisfied with the Soil Water Content Indicator in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. The satisfaction of Soil Water Content Indicator varied significant from ages among Houtong elementary school staffs, and from grades among Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School students. 4.Teachers and students were satisfied with the Daily Energy Saving Indicator in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. The satisfaction of Daily Energy Saving Indicator varied significant from genders and grades among Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School students. 5.Teachers and students were satisfied with the Water Resource Indicator in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. 6.Teachers and students were agreed with" green building can arise identification with school" in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. The identification of school varied significant from genders and grades among Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School students. 7.Teachers and students were agreed with green building concepts into the curriculum in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. The identification of school varied significant from grades among Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School students. 8.The using and maintenance of green building were good in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. 9.The dilemma of implementing green building was the ideas were hard to pass and implement in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. They can go back to the spirit from designed. 10.The dilemmas of implementing Greenery Indicator were weeding and the Green fence security in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. They can input more staffs and use support from community. 11.The dilemmas of implementing Soil Water Content Indicator Indicator were cleaning and putting water permeable paving and red sand playground in order in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City, including the practice of basin. They may get more budget and enhance educational guidance. 12.The dilemmas of implementing Daily Energy Saving Indicator lies in high temperature and direct sunlight in the summer in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. They need electrical appliances and mobile seats for countermeasures. 13.The using and maintenance of Water Resource Indicator were good in Houtong elementary school and Tur Ya Kar Elementary and Junior High School, New Taipei City. Finally, we offer recommendations based on the findings of this study, to provide administrative authority effective reference of green building planning of the schools administrations and education administrations in the future.

為改善綠建築與售價之間的定錨效應，本研究以台灣EEWH綠建築評估系統為基礎，建構AHP分析層級程序法之問卷架構，共分為目標、面向、指標以及評估項目四大階層。透過第一階段以及第二階段問卷調查與分析，本研究初步得到不動產估價師平均願提高9.77%之綠建築願付價格，且住宅類綠建築中，價格影響權重較高者為室內環境、節能設備以及空調系統指標。 取得各評估項目的價格影響權重後，以相關分析、價格影響權重分析為基礎，篩選應謹慎考量其價格的評估項目，再輔以盒狀圖分析，將價格影響權重細分為若干加權等級，進而建立更加完善的住宅類綠建築估價應用總表，並提供不動產估價師於實務中使用。 最終，運用實證分析，本研究發現綠建築等級或總得分與溢價幅度具有中度以上的解釋力，當綠建築等級或總得分越高時，其溢價幅度亦隨之提高，然而，當綠建築施作至一定程度後，其上升的溢價幅度將有限；此外，以銀級為例時，同等級內的綠建築總得分與溢價幅度未具顯著解釋力，意旨同等級案例之總得分越高時，並無法解釋其溢價幅度將越大。本研究建議，當衡量綠建築之價格時，應依循本研究提供的應用總表，評估各綠建築的實質溢價情況，以提高綠建築案例於估價時的準確性。 / In order to improve the anchoring effect between green building and selling price, this study based on the EEWH Green Building Assessment System in Taiwan, and constructed the questionnaire structure of AHP analysis hierarchy process which classified into four dimensions: Target, Orientation, Index and Element. Through the first stage and the second stage of the questionnaire survey, the higher weight of the price impact are the indexes of indoor environment, energy-saving equipment and air conditioning system. The average of willing to pay on the green buildings from the appraisals is around 9.77%. Based on the correlation analysis, the weight of price impact analysis and the box analysis, there are some elements which need to be subdivided into several weighting scale. After that, this study would establish a much more complete table called “the application table of residential green buildings.” It will provide for appraisers to use in practice as well. Finally, using the empirical analysis, this study found that there are moderate positive correlation between the levels or the total scores of green buildings and the price premium, which means the higher the green building level or the total score is, the greater the price premium is. However, when the green building level reach a certain extent, the increase on the prie premium will be limited. In addition, take the silver level for example. The total score of green buildings in the same level dose not have significant correlation with its price premium, which means the higher scores of green buildings in the same level can not explain the price premium will be greater. Therefore, this study suggests that green buildings should follow the application table provided in this study to measure the real premiums of the green buildings in order to improve the accuracy of the green building price at the time of appraisal.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第13095号 / 論工博第4156号 / 新制||工||1676(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 古阪 秀三, 教授 髙田 光雄, 教授 竹山 聖 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

本研究主要目的在於瞭解臺北市公立國民中學學校建築規劃的現況，以及探討學校建築規劃現況與學生學業成就之間的關係，並探究不同等級之學校建築規劃現況，其學生在學業成就上的表現是否有顯著差異存在，以及瞭解哪些建築規劃變項能有效預測學業成就。末後依據研究發現，提出相關建議，俾供相關單位及未來有關研究之參考。 本研究以臺北市公立國民中學為對象，採分層隨機方法，抽取28所學校為研究樣本，並針對十五項建築規劃變項，進行資料蒐集工作，包括：（1）建築結構規劃現況部分：有建築年代、學校規模、校地配置、校舍形式、校舍方位、動靜規劃、地理位置、噪音值、建築漏水、教室冷氣、燈光照明等十一項；（2）建築外觀規劃現況部分：有牆壁油漆、牆壁剝落、廁所維護以及校園景觀等四項。然後，依據自編的「臺北市公立國民中學學校建築規劃現況評量表」進行評量工作，並依得分的高低，分「高分組」（約前25﹪）、「中分組」（約中間50﹪）、「低分組」（約後25﹪）三組不同等級的建築規劃現況學校。而學生學業成就方面，則以28所學校國三學生參加九十一學年度「國民中學學生基本學力測驗」成績為代表。另外，以各校國三學生屬低收入家庭的比例作為共變量。 在資料的分析方面，運用次數百分比、皮爾遜積差相關、淨相關、共變數分析、多元迴歸以及逐步多元迴歸等統計方法。經研究結果發現： 一、臺北市公立國民中學學校建築規劃的現況：（一）整體而言，臺北市公立國民中學學校建築規劃現況，大都維持在中等的程度，極差或極佳的學校比較少；（二）學校建築年齡偏高，並且建齡愈高的學校，其動靜規劃和牆壁油漆的現況愈不理想；（三）以中大型規模、封閉式校舍以及高噪音學校為多數；（四）建築漏水問題普遍存在，並且新舊學校皆有漏水問題；（五）普通教室裝設冷氣設施仍未普及；（六）校舍牆壁剝落普遍存在，並且牆壁油漆愈老舊，油漆剝落情形愈嚴重；（七）在校地配置、校舍方位、動靜規劃、地理位置、燈光照明、以及廁所維護上，約七至九成的學校，符合「國民中小學設備基準」的相關規定或是維持在理想的現況；（八）在校園景觀的綠化、美化等造景以及富含教育性方面，仍待加強。 二、臺北市公立國民中學學校建築規劃現況與學生學業成就的關係：（一）學校建築規劃現況與學生學業成就之間的關係未達顯著；（二）在個別建築規劃變項方面，僅學校規模、校地配置、以及廁所維護等三個變項與學業成就有顯著的關係存在；（三）三組不同等級的學校建築規劃現況學校，其學生的學業成就未發現有明顯的差異存在；（四）在個別建築規劃變項方面，不同等級的學校規模、校地配置和廁所維護學校，其學生的學業成就有顯著的差異存在；（五）廁所維護變項能有效預測學生學業成就。

近年來，國內有不少公私立大專校院相繼進行圖書館的新建或改建工程，反應出學校對於圖書資訊資源的重視性。大學圖書館於規劃時應注意空間的配置，如各區域的設計；注意空間中物理因素的規劃，如燈光、聲音、溫濕度、地點的選擇與其他考量因素，且大學圖書館的空間規劃應視每一所大學的教育目標、藏書量或座位數，再作彈性的調整。為了讓大學圖書館發揮更完善的功能，更符合使用者需求，必須以用後評估（Post Occupancy Evaluation）的觀點探討大學圖書館建築設計與規劃之實行成效，並檢視大學圖書館建築與使用者需求間的落差，如能結合圖書館使用者行為之調查結果，將可以幫助圖書館及建築師，日後在規劃設計做出最佳之判斷。 本研究旨在瞭解成功大學圖書館近年來努力的成果，可藉由用後評估來探討成功大學圖書館的建築空間與設施使用成效的各種因素，並發現問題、提出建議，以供現在及未來圖書館的管理者在建築規劃與設計工作的參考，作為未來設計者與研究者在規劃大學圖書館建築與設計之參考。 本研究首先透過文獻分析法，探討目前國內外圖書館建築及用後評估相關理論，並輔以個案探討。透過問卷調查法，探討目前成功大學圖書館的空間使用情況與滿意度。接著進行深度訪談法，以進一步瞭解成功大學圖書館，並探討相關人員對用後評估結果的看法及建議。最後結合文獻分析與上述研究發現進行分析與歸納，提出成功大學圖書館實施用後評估之具體建議。 研究發現：一、成功大學圖書館規劃乃依人文、科學及藝術不同空間需求設計；二、成功大學圖書館特色為模矩式設計、動線規劃清楚、多元化閱覽空間及設置電動密集書架；三、成功大學圖書館歷經長久研究、多方參與及審慎整合而成；四、藝文空間滿意度最高；五、服務空間滿意度最低；六、公共空間完整體現成功大學圖書館建築規劃設計理念；七、討論空間有效整合教學與研究需求；八、物理環境及設備尚待加強；九、具傳統與現代之美的圖書館建築；十、成功大學精神與象徵意義之建築。 最後，提出下列建議：一、建築規劃書是圖書館加強監督設計、管理和發展的資料；二、圖書館建築規劃設計應循專業與合理原則並告知限制條件；三、成立建築規劃小組與諮詢顧問；四、圖書館建築需配合校園整體發展；五、審慎評估物理環境；六、建立指標系統識別空間；七、空間規劃及管理應具有彈性；八、定期進行用後評估工作。 / In the past years, there have been a number of new college library buildings or reconstructing current libraries. This reflect the emphasis of these schools on the library and information resources. When mapping out college libraries, space allocation such as design of each area has to be focused on. One also has to pay attention to planning of physical elements in space such as lighting, sounds, temperature, moisture, selection of locations and others. Moreover, space planning has to be adjusted in accordance with education goals, size of collection and seats of each college. To fully develop the functions of college libraries to meet users’ needs, we need to adopt post occupancy evaluation to discuss the architecture design and practice performances of college libraries as well as reviewing the gap between college library construction and users’ needs. The combination of survey on library users’ behaviors will assist libraries and architects in making the best judgment in planning. The study aims to understand the results of the efforts of National Cheng Kung University Library in the past years. Post Occupancy Evaluation is adopted to discuss the elements such as architecture space and facilities performances of National Cheng Kung University Library, give questions and offer suggestions to serve as reference for library manager in construction planning and researchers when planning and designing college libraries. Literature is reviewed used with case study to discuss theories on architecture and post occupancy of domestic and foreign libraries. With questionnaire survey, space occupancy satisfaction is explored. In-depth interview serves to further understand National Cheng Kung University Library and explore comments and suggestions of related personnel after occupancy. At last, analysis and generalization is made to offer concrete suggestions to National Cheng Kung University Library on post occupancy evaluation. Based on the research findings, the conclusions include planning of National Cheng Kung University Library is based on the different needs of humanist, scientist and artists; 2) characteristics of National Cheng Kung University Library are matrix design, clear route arrangements, diverse reading space and establishment of compact bookshelves; 3) National Cheng Kung University Library is considered under long study, full participation and careful integration; 4) the art space enjoys the highest satisfaction; 5) the service space experiences the lowest satisfaction; 6) the public space completely expresses the design concept of National Cheng Kung University Library; 7) the discussion space effectively integrates the needs of education and research; 8) physical environment and facilities require improvement; 9) National Cheng Kung University Library has the building of beauty of modernity and tradition; and 10) the building expresses the spiritual and symbolic meanings of National Cheng Kung University. Based on the above results, we offer the suggestions: 1) Construction Planning is the material for the Library to enhance supervision on design, management and development; 2) Planning and design of the Library shall be made in the principle of professionalism and rationality with information of limitation conditions; 3) Construction Planning and Consultation Team shall be established; 4) Construction of the Library shall be in line with overall campus development; 5) Physical environment has to be cautiously evaluated; 6) Indicator system identification space has to be established; 7) Space planning and management shall be flexible and 8) Post occupancy evaluation has to be conducted periodically.

2008年發生全球性的金融風暴，造成經濟不景氣、消費力下降，企業紛紛減緩投資、擴廠計畫。本個案建築師事務所受此影響，業務量大量減少外，又面臨競爭對手削價競爭，致使每人平均產值逐年下滑。因此，本研究將針對本個案建築師事務所，重新檢視其策略方向，進行詳細的策略規劃，並擬定行動方案，以期能提升事務所的業績表現。 本研究首先將建築師事務所的執業體制及產業環境做完整的檢視及分析，並蒐集新的業務機會。接著應用司徒達賢（2005）的「策略矩陣分析法」，對於本個案建築師事務所進行分析，找出過去事務所成功之前提條件，研究其變化，並進行策略的調整。最後依據Kotler & Bloom（1984）的「專業性服務行銷策略」，做行銷策略的擬定。 經過策略分析發現，本個案事務所過去業務來源主要倚重在高科技廠房大型專案，但經濟不景氣及激烈競爭下，事務所必須拓展其他建築市場，或承接一些小型專案，以有效運用閒置人力，並須進行組織調整，以增進人力調度的彈性及工作效率、降低成本。 根據策略分析結果，本個案事務所擬定以下行動方案：（1）強化其業務能力，透過網站、社交圈及關鍵字等方法，積極尋找潛在客戶。（2）調整其組織架構，清楚劃分權責，讓員工可同時加入多個專案團隊，藉此培養員工專案管理能力，人力也可做更有效率的運用。（3）設計暑期菁英計畫，擴大招募管道，並引進新的績效考核制度，以期望從計畫中招募優秀人才，並運用考核制度協助員工成長，提升整體員工素質及能力。最終希望能透過以上行動，提升事務所的業績表現。

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第12704号 / 論工博第4085号 / 新制||工||1557(附属図書館) / 30002 / (主査)教授 髙田 光雄, 教授 加藤 直樹, 教授 中島 正愛 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第22519号 / 人博第922号 / 新制||人||220(附属図書館) / 2019||人博||922(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)教授 岡田 温司, 教授 増井 正哉, 准教授 武田 宙也, 教授 中谷 礼仁 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

本文擬從建築資金變動的角度，分析金融機構貸放之建築資金變動對住宅建築投資業 者利潤造成之衝擊，並尋求改進建築融資制度之道。道先藉由理論的分析，探討借貸 資金結構變動對建商利潤的影響。其次探討國內外建築融資運作體制對建築資金貸放 之影響，並檢視國內建築資金貸放之情況。另外，本文針對目前國內住宅投資興建最 常採用之方式設計典型個案，運用現金流量模型檢視金融機構貸放建築資金變動對建 築投資業者之自有資金內部報酬率造成何種程度之衝擊。最後，綜合上述分析結果， 配合國內現況而提出健全我國建築融資制度之政策建議。 關鍵詞：建築融資、資金變動、折現現金流量模型。