2011年，美國政府在經歷次級房貸和高軍事支出的雙重壓力下，爆發高度財政赤字的問題，造成歐巴馬政府面臨調高債務比例與債務上限的壓力。然而，在眾多的輿論聲中，美國民主黨與共和黨在八月底達成下列協議，減少政府支出、提高債務比例以及增加債務上限等；但是，是否這些方式將改善美國經濟？本篇文章在動態隨機一般均衡(DSGE)架構下，建立一個封閉經濟體系，並將政府支出加入私人廠商部門，透過公共投資，幫助私人廠商增加產出；並且在政府僅採行公債和徵稅融通下，找出一個最適的債務持有比例，使國內福利為最高。而本文發現政府進入生產部門時，將影響最適債務持有比例。即是，隨著政府支出生產彈性越大，最適債務持有比例也會上升，而在基準參數下，我們將會得到最適債務持有比例為百分之十的結論。 / In 2011, under the pressure of subprime mortgage and high military expenditure, the U.S. government accumulated high fiscal deficit, and the Obama government faced the pressure of raising debt ratio and raising debt ceiling. However, among the huge debates, the Republican Party and Democratic Party reached the deal in August which included cut-down government expenditure, raise debt ratio, raise debt ceiling, and so on. But, will these ways improve the U.S. economy? This paper follows the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) framework to construct a closed economy, which the government helps private firm to production through public investment. Besides, given that government only undertakes debt financing and tax financing, we try to find an optimal debt ratio which makes the highest domestic welfare. In our finding, if the government enters private production sector, the optimal debt ratio will be influenced. That is, the optimal debt ratio will increase with the production elasticity of government expenditure. Under the benchmark parameter, the optimal debt ratio is 10 percent.

University of Macau / Faculty of Law

University of Macau / Faculty of Law

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Chinese

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

資訊通訊科技的進步為政府帶來變革性的影響，資訊人員照理應扮演重要角色，但卻同時因資源與技術的不足，而有資訊業務委外的需要，使得政府資訊人員必須面臨能力轉換的挑戰。據此，本研究認為應找出資訊人員的核心能力，以發展其競爭優勢並增進組織的績效。本研究是以政府的資訊人員為研究對象，主要目的在於了解目前政府正式編制與約聘僱的資訊人員目前所具備與未來應該具備的核心能力項目；其次是針對目前具備與未來應具備的能力作落差分析與訓練需求評估；最後則是對研究結果提出政策建議。 / 本論文首先透過文獻闡述核心能力的定義，其次檢閱目前與核心能力相關的文獻，藉以找出本研究的定位，並整理各類文獻，建構出政府資訊人員初步的核心能力模式，共五大構面三十七個項目，並以之為調查問卷的基礎；實證資料蒐集時先進行第一波訪談，後續為問卷調查與分析，接著進行第二波訪談，最後統整分析出研究結果。第一波訪談的受訪者有三類共有五人；問卷調查則分別選取中央及地方政府中不同性質單位的資訊人員為問卷發放229份問卷，回收有效問卷158份；第二波訪談的受訪者有三類共兩人。本研究彙整了以上的質化與量化資料，並據以提出相關的政策建議。 / 本研究發現，政府資訊人員在五大構面的能力上，共有十項能力特別重要：積極主動與自信心、人際溝通與表達能力、認知學習、資訊業務委外能力、資訊安全與稽核、業務知能、創新與創意思考、跨域協調與夥伴建立、倫理價值、責任與公共利益。此外，簡任、薦任與委任不同官等、是否為主管職、以及約聘僱人員不同年資等因素，皆會使得資訊人員未來應具備的核心能力有所不同。其他會影響政府資訊人員核心能力不同的因素尚包括：年齡、學歷、目前擔任的職務、過去擔任的職務、職等、績效表現等。 / 根據研究結果，本研究除了由訪談內容整理出政策建議之外，也針對政府資訊人員的核心能力，以及政府資訊人力運用上提出政策建議，以期未來政府資訊人員在遴選與升遷，或是績效考評等核心能力的運用上有所依據，並且提供政府資訊人員在訓練需求評估分析上，所需加強能力項目的參考。 / Information and communication technology advance with each passing day, bringing revolutionary influence for government functions. Government information technology/information system（IT/IS） professionals should have played the important role provided that the resources and techniques were not scarce. The current challenge of IT/IS outsourcing pushes government IT/IS professionals to transform their competencies. Accordingly, this study attempts to find out the core competencies of government IT/IS professionals to make them develop the competitive advantage and improve the organization performance. / The target group included government IT/IS professionals including formal officials and informal employees in the central and local governments in Taiwan. To build core competencies for the government IT/IS professionals, the study proposed 5 clusters including 37 competency items based on the literature, followed by data collection with two rounds of interviews and a questionnaire survey. Five people were selected in the first interview, providing experience about the core competencies of the government IT/IS professionals and opinions for revising the questionnaire. Analyzing the survey data of 158 valid questionnaires, the study dug out the competencies of the government T/IS professionals’ qualified and important degrees to build their core competencies and then undertook gap analysis to assess training needs. At last, two people were selected in the second interview, verifying the previous results and providing policy suggestions. / Aggregating the qualitative and quantitative results, the study concludes with ten core competencies for the government IT/IS professionals, including active and self-confident attitudes, interpersonal communication and articulate skill, perception for continuous learning, IT/IS outsourcing, information security, business function, innovation, inter-organizational coordination and partnership, ethic value, as well as accountability and public interest. Besides, the elements effecting the government IT/IS professionals’ core competencies include their current official rank, position, seniority, age, educational background, performance and so on. / According to the findings above, finally, this study offered suggestions about the information human resources application, the recruitment and promotion of IT/IS professionals, training needs, and performance evaluation.

人口販運是一個已經全球化大大增加了全球性的問題，非法貿易的興起，以及冷戰的結束. 販毒後. 販賣人口是脖子到脖子軍火工業作為世界上第二大犯罪行業. 其目的是研究拉丁美洲的人口販賣情況和瓜地馬拉的公私營界別合作推行的反人口販賣活動. 由於在該區域的有限調查, 這項研究將是讀者不知道在拉丁美洲人口販賣的情況作出了貢獻。這項研究將使用輔助數據，如多邊組織的報告，政府機構，而且最重要的進行了訪談，以非政府組織。PPP的工作經歷在瓜地馬拉的兩個信道是積極的。政府機構間和打擊販賣人口的政府機構，非政府組織，政府間組織和非政府組織組成的網絡。這項研究描述了從政府方面所做的努力，以及在打擊人口販運瓜地馬拉非政府組織的知識和專長。 / Human Trafficking is a global issue increased dramatically with globalization, the rise of illicit trade, and the end of the Cold War. After drug trafficking, human trafficking is neck-to-neck with the arms industry as the second largest criminal industry in the world. The purpose is to study Latin America’s human trafficking situation and Guatemala’s Private-Public Partnership in implementing anti-human trafficking activities. Due to the limited investigations in the region, this study will be a contribution to readers that do not know the situation of human trafficking in Latin America. The study will use secondary data such as reports from multilateral organizations, government institutions, and most importantly conducted interviews to NGOs. The PPP work has been positive through two channels of communication in Guatemala. The interagency of government institutions and the network against human trafficking composed of the government institutions, INGOs, IGOs and NGOs. This study describes the efforts from the government side as well as the knowledge and expertise on NGOs in combating human trafficking in Guatemala.