不同金融體系結構，引導資金分配的過程也會有所差異，進而導致不同的經濟發展模式。本研究主要探討在不同地方金融制度中，地方政府與地方金融機構及地方企業之間的互動關係，如何影響中國大陸地方經濟發展模式。 本文認為，自中國政府推動金融改革以來，依據融資來源，各地區將會出現以銀行信貸為主、以中央資金為主及以民間金融為主的三種不同地方金融制度，這三種不同的地方金融制度對地方政府行為有不同的限制和影響。另一方面，各地方政府都是由不同的官僚部門所組成，存在不同部門之間的利益衝突，能否良好協調各部門之間的衝突將會影響地方資源的配置情形。在特定地方金融制度的影響下，加上各地方政府不同的官僚結構運作，本研究認為最終將會引導出五種不同的地區經濟發展路徑。 / The purpose of this dissertation is to explore how local political and economic institutions shape divergent paths of regional economic development among different localities in China. This research proposes five models of Chinese regional economic development. Through an analysis of Chinese different localities, this research states that under the constraints of local distinct financial structures, the ways in which local governments and businesses develop different strategies to interact and respond to market competition and difficulties influence capacities of local government for economic leadership, and result in various economic developmental patterns.

Abstract There has been extensive literature published about NGO adoption and use of social media, however these studies have only focused on large, and primarily Western operated organizations, while research on NGO and social enterprise adoption in emergent nations is drastically limited. Cambodia was particularly relevant for a study on social media, because in fact Facebook has surpassed television as Cambodian people’s main source for gathering news. In particular this research focused on a famous Khmer-owned NGO, Phare Ponleu Selpak and their sister organization the Phare Performing Social Enterprise. This organization is well-known in Cambodia, because they produce world-renowned visual and performing artists, and are especially known for the circus, which is a major tourism attraction in Siem Reap. In this anthropological, exploratory case study, I conducted in-depth interviews with key staff members and executed a thematic analysis of PPSA and PPSE’s social media platforms in order to unveil the reasons for social media adoption as well as an in-depth analysis of the strategies involved. The results indicated that community engagement and organizational transparency were the key indicators for social media adoption. For strategy, community engagement and informational postings were also more important than posts that prompted actions such as donating, voting, or participating. Finally, social media was seen as a vital tool in the dissemination of information about Cambodian arts and intangible heritages, because Facebook has become the key source for information in Cambodia due to the state owned media. Therefore, Cambodians are able to learn about their history and the arts by following PPSA and PPSE, particularly on Facebook. Furthermore, tourists can also celebrate and learn about Cambodian art and intangible heritage through these social media channels. Keywords: Nongovernmental Organization, Social Enterprise, Social Media, Social Media Adoption and Use, Intangible Heritage

因應行動政府的發展趨勢，美國、加拿大、印度、阿拉伯聯合大公國、我國政府都相繼提出發展行動政府網頁時的設計準則，然而各國政府所提出來之行動政府網頁設計規範相當混亂不統一。因此，本研究將各國政府單位所提供行動網頁設計準則統合整理成七大面向共46條的設計準則。另ㄧ方面，過去許多有關網站設計準則之相關研究，大多使用問卷了解使用者感受，皆無法判斷其準則對資訊尋求的真正影響。因此，本研究以臺北市政府觀光傳播局建置之「臺北旅遊網」為資訊尋求實驗網站，以程式記錄器記錄使用者在執行資訊尋求任務時，實際使用準則之行為歷程記錄為客觀資料，以及資訊尋求任務完成後所進行使用者認知行動政府網頁準則對於資訊尋求之重要性問卷調查為主觀資料，探討影響行動政府網頁資訊尋求速度與資訊尋求完成度之主要準則為何，以作為行動政府網頁設計之考量，以提升網站之資訊尋求效能。 本研究之研究結果顯示：(1)合計有七項使用者無法實際操作卻被認知重要之行動政府網頁設計準則；(2)合計有九項使用者可實際操作之行動政府網頁設計準則，可用操作次數預測資訊尋求達成度；(3)合計有十四項使用者可實際操作之行動政府網頁設計準則，可用操作次數預測資訊尋求速度；(4)合計有十項使用者可實際操作之行動政府網頁設計準則於資訊尋求時頻繁被使用，並且具有一定重要性；(5)合計有四項使用者可實際操作之行動政府網頁設計準則有助於提升同時提升使用者資訊尋求速度與達成度；(6)使用者資訊行為研究有必要以問卷及使用者行為記錄並行評估。 最後，本研究考量可實際操作之行動網頁設計準則之實際使用歷程操作狀況、資訊尋求時間、資訊尋求完成度及受測者認知準則重要度之行為特性，透過SOM分群方法歸納出七群影響資訊尋求速度與達成度之準則特性，並據此提出對於行動政府網頁設計者，使用準則時之參考依據，亦提出未來可供繼續探討之研究方向。 / To cope with the development trend of mobile government, the USA, Canada, India, United Arab Emirates, and domestic governments have proposed the design criteria for developing mobile government information webpage. Nevertheless, the design specifications of mobile government information webpage are chaotic and not uniform. For this reason, design criteria of mobile information webpage provided by various governments are integrated into 7 dimensions and 46 articles in this study. On the other hand, most past research on web site design criteria tried to understand user experience with questionnaire survey, which could not really judge the effect of the criteria on information seeking. As a result, “Travel Taipei”, established by Department of Information and Tourism, Taipei City Government, is utilized as the experimental web site for information seeking in this study. Programmable recorders are used for recording user behavior course of the criteria for information seeking as the objective data; and, the questionnaire survey of users’ perceived importance of the criteria of mobile government information webpage to information seeking as the subjective data. It intends to discuss the major criteria for the information seeking speed and information seeking completion of mobile government information webpage for the design of mobile government information webpage to enhance the information seeking efficacy of web sites. The research results are concluded as following. (1) There are 7 design criteria of mobile government information webpage which are not actually operated by users, but are considered important. (2) There are 9 design criteria of effective mobile government by predicting information seeking completion with operation behavior. (3) There are total 14 design criteria of effective mobile government by predicting information seeking speed with operation behavior. (4) There are 10 design criteria of mobile government information webpage which are used by most users for information seeking and present certain importance. (5) There are 4 design criteria of mobile government information webpage which could simultaneously enhance information seeking time and completion. (6) It is necessary to study users’ information behavior with questionnaire survey and user behavior records for the evaluation. Finally, the behavior characteristics of information seeking completion, information seeking time, and participants’ perceived criteria importance in the actual use of course operation of mobile information webpage design criteria which could be actually operated are taken into account in this study. Seven criteria characteristics to influence information seeking speed and completion are organized through SOM clustering, and, based on which, reference for the use of criteria are provided for mobile government information webpage designers and future research directions.

本研究為釐清國內與國際非政府組織在臺灣發展關係，從環境與人權倡議議題為範圍討論，從臺灣目前進行環境與人權倡議工作的非政府組織中收集相關訊息，瞭解現今組織之間工作遇到的問題及困難，探討其發生的可能和原因，最後試圖提出研究建議與解決辦法。 奠基非政府組織在臺灣發展出的特殊性，伴隨著民主人權的發展，同時，臺灣環境議題倡議發展相較於其他亞洲國家也成熟許多，在現在全球化時代下的發展，國與國之間的界線也越來越模糊，網路科技的發明，使得交流不再如過去般受到諸多限制，因此也將各區域中相關的非政府組織連結，形成具有槓桿力量的跨國倡議網絡，企圖進而影響國家內部，促使政府能有所作為。 透過文獻分析及深度訪談瞭解組織倡議及發展，深入體會國際非政府組織在臺灣倡議遇到的困難，以及國內非政府組織面對這些問題的兩難，本研究結論，以跨國倡議網絡策略為主軸予以建議，非政府組織之間必須要有溝通的管道，避免資訊不對稱以及產生誤解，減少延誤倡議工作進行的最佳時機點，政府對於外國團體在臺灣人民團體法適應的問題及限制以及外國人在台工作的法規也應該有所彈性或裁量空間，才能開啟更多讓世界看見臺灣的可能性。 / The purpose of this thesis is to explore the relationship between local and international nongovernment organizations on human rights and environmental advocacy issues. To understand these problems and difficulties, research involved conducting in-depth interviews with workers of local and international nongovernment organizations. The purpose of the research is to find out the reasons to explain the problems of the relationship and know how to solve. The thesis concludes with suggestions about how to best develop the transnational advocacy network strategies of Taiwan in the future. As a nation without global recognition of its national status, Taiwan faces with the difficulty of participating international affairs. Through transnational advocacy network including the strategies of symbolic, information, leverage, accountability politics, these NGOs compel the government to make changes. As a result, Taiwan has a greater opportunity to be a contributor in global public affairs. The result of the research is to clarify the relationship, strengths, and weaknesses between local and international nongovernment organizations to cope with the challenges they experience with each other. In conclusion, there are four main suggestions below: 1) Make sure information is communicated across international and local advocacy. 2) Do the things right at the right time. 3) Make a big difference with leverage politics. 4) Focus on the importance of accountability and self-discipline when nongovernmental organizations face international affairs.

本文以地方發展型政府為理論基礎，通過援非農業技術示範中心項目的案例來解釋地方政府在參與國家對外農業援助的動力和其農業援外的行為策略。 本文認為21世紀以來中國大陸對外農業援助之所以能夠快速增長，關鍵因素在於國家機器成功地調動了地方政府參與援助計劃的自主性與積極性。一方面，中央政府在援外管理與財政金融方面的放權，使地方政府能夠自主調動省级行政資源加强對援助項目的管理；二方面，糧食安全省長責任制的確立，以及經濟戰略所需的內部資源不平衡分配，都強化了地方官員企圖通過推動國家重大戰略來擦亮政績並獲得職位升遷機會的意願。 進入援非農業示範中心的案例中，地方政府在推動對外援助的過程中也在積極尋找機會帶動本地企業「走出去」。其行為策略通常是先將援助平台搭建成功，然後設法壯大援助平台，希望通過援助平台的成功運營以及各項優惠條件，拉動本地企業的抱團投資，在受援國形成規模效應。筆者將這種行為策略謂之為「造船出海」。本文還對央地間在農業援外事務上的互動策略進行分析，發現地方政府在中央允許的政策空間內有一定的變通執行權；而中央對於援外項目則實施「目標管理」與「制度設計」，對地方政府過度扭曲的政策執行進行干預。 本文認為，地方政府在促進農業「走出去」過程中發揮著關鍵性的作用，其所採用的「造船出海」的行為策略實質上是在移植早期地方招商引資的經驗，是中國發展經驗的制度遺產。而地方政府在援外政策的變通執行同樣在影響著中國大陸對外援助的結構與過程。

本文引用Zhang(1996)和Suen and Yip(2005)提出的貨幣具有降低交易成本的特性，建構封閉經濟體的貨幣內生成長模型，分別探討在投資有或沒有調整成本的情況下，政府採取釘住通貨膨脹目標政策對於經濟成長的影響，以及經濟體系的安定性。 本文的結論可以歸納為：(1)當投資不具有調整成本時，政府調高目標通膨率會使得經濟成長率下降，且經濟體系呈現確定性；(2)當投資調整成本時，政府調高目標通膨率也會使得經濟成長率下降，但經濟體系卻呈現不確定性。 / This thesis sets up a monetary endogenous growth model for a closed economy, in which monetary authorities implement a monetary policy of inflation rate targeting. The main feature of the model is that, in line with Zhang (1996) and Suen and Yip (2005), money plays a role to facilitate transactions of output, and hence holding money can lower the transaction cost. This thesis then uses the model to investigate whether the economy’s growth rate and the dynamic stability are closely related to the implementation of inflation rate targeting. Two main findings emerge from the analysis. First, when investment does not involve adjustment costs, a rise in the inflation rate lowers the balanced economic growth rate and the equilibrium is characterized by local determinacy. Second, when investment involves adjustment costs, a rise in the inflation rate lowers the economic growth rate and the equilibrium is featured with local indeterminacy.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(法学) / 甲第22216号 / 法博第249号 / 新制||法||169(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院法学研究科法政理論専攻 / (主査)教授 曽我 謙悟, 教授 建林 正彦, 教授 待鳥 聡史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Laws / Kyoto University / DGAM

全文を追加掲載(2016/02/16) / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第18039号 / 経博第492号 / 新制||経||268(附属図書館) / 30897 / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済動態分析専攻 / (主査)教授 植田 和弘, 教授 諸富 徹, 教授 劉 徳強 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第13054号 / 論農博第2838号 / 新制||農||1045(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H28||N5011(農学部図書室) / 33144 / (主査)教授 星野 敏, 教授 川島 茂人, 教授 藤原 正幸 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

地方立法機關與地方行政機關乃係地方政府兩大機關，地方制度法亦以眾多條文規範兩者之權責範圍、制衡。由此可知，府會互動關係實為地方制度之核心內容，且為地方政治之樞紐。若地方立法機關能依循法定之程序，進行質詢及法案與預算的審議，地方行政機關亦能遵照議會之決議執行政策，兩者皆各守分際，彼此尊重，府會之間能良性互動，地方事務即能順利推動，但因現階段地方政府採取「仿總統制」之設計，地方首長與民意代表成員均各由地方居民直接選舉產生，各自擁有獨立的民意基礎，兩者地位平等，各司其事，互不相屬。然兩權之間又缺乏客觀而具強制力的仲裁機構，如雙方缺乏自制力與妥協精神，府會衝突的潛在因素隨時都會被激發。然無論已廢止之省縣自治法、直轄市自治法，或現行之地方制度法，基本上都是採「上級自治監督機關」協調的機制，亦即由上級地方自治監督機關本其職權，矯正其違法、督導其失職及杜絕其弊流。在實際運作上，由於政黨派系的滲透，不但不能順利化解決衝突，反而往往更加劇衝突，顯示我國社會文化結構上習慣以政治妥協手段解決爭議，而不願訴諸法律制度，交由客觀司法機關解決職及杜絕其弊流。本文藉以引介外國法制，藉以司法程序解決府會衝突，希望為我國府會衝突尋找另外一個出口。