推薦系統目的在於收集大眾對於資源的評價，經過推薦機制的整理，呈現給符合偏好的使用者，但是Supernode架構與傳統主從架構的不同，增加推薦系統收集、統計推薦指標的困難。在本篇論文中，將利用RDF(S)建置與Supernode、Peer、MP3相關的本體論，同時，依據Supernode與Peer在推薦系統中所扮演的功能與角色的不同，將不同的結構藍圖分別放置在Supernode與Peer之中，並且藉由Supernode與Peer中所描述的資源、屬性以及資源和資源之間的關係來解決在Supernode架構中推薦指標的收集、統計與更新等問題，以及降低推薦系統中"Cold Start"與"Spamming"這兩個問題所產生的影響。 / The purpose of recommendation system is to collect public opinions and provide synthetic recommended result for users. Using our proposed recommended mechanism, the recommendation system presents personal music recommended list for each user in peer node to match his preference. Because the complexity difference of network structure, we found that the rating collection and computation process will be more complex in supernode P2P network than in client-server WWW network. In this thesis, firstly we use RDF(S) to construct associated ontology schema for supernode, peer node, and MP3 music. Then, we put respective ontology schema in the suprenode and peer node based on their roles and functions within the recommendation system. The resources and attributes relationships between supernode and peer nodes provide the capacity to solve the rating collection, analysis, and updating problems. We also propose possible solutions for reducing the side effects of cold start and spamming problems in the recommendation system.

本研究是探討如何運用語意網規則語言(Semantic Web Rule Language, SWRL)來表示網路上的數位版權管理(DRM)。以XML為主的版權表達語言(Rights Expression Language, REL)因為無法處理具有語意內涵層級的版權管理規則，所以在概念表達和處理能力上有所限制。因此，我們運用了結合本體論(Ontology)和規則(Rule)語言的SWRL來探討比較現有XML為主的版權表達語言的不足，並以實作驗證本體論和規則結合所具有語意特性，讓使用者能在網路上加以應用數位內容。 / In this research, we show how to use Semantic Web Rule language (Semantic Web Rule Language, SWRL) for the digit rights management (DRM) on the Web. Since XML-based Rights Expression Languages (REL) can not deal with the right management policies at the semantic level, their expression abilities for concept descriptions are limited. Therefore, we use SWLR to contrast the insufficiencies in existing XML-based RELs. In summary, we take advantage of semantic-supported REL for DRM systems on the Web.

在今日愈來愈普及的電子商務方面，客戶資料的搜集來源更加廣泛，對於個人資料外洩的影響將非常嚴重，可能帶來個人財務上或者公司信譽上的重大損失。本研究期望可以建構一個在企業內部(backbone)架構的環境中，透過語意網(Semantic Web)中的本體論(Ontology)和規則(Rule)的加入，希望實現具有語意的個人隱私保護規範架構，實現在語意層級上的隱私權政策安全控管。找出並且驗證以Ontologies+Rules為規範的表達與管理的架構的優勢，以確保各企業伺服器平台在收集客戶個人資料時能夠遵守最初協商後的承諾。最後本研究可以透過第三方平台的架構來加以落實個人資料的流通、分享、與保護。 / In today's increasingly popular e-commerce, ways to collect personal data of customers are is more extensive, and the impact of data disclosure will be very serious, maybe it will cost heavy losses on personal reputation or the credit of companies. We hope to build a in-house (backbone) structure of the environment through the semantic web in the ontology and rules, hoping for enabling the semantics of personal privacy protection normative framework to achieve the privacy policy on the security control. We will identify and verify Ontologies + Rules to regulate the expression of the advantages of the structure and management to ensure that the enterprise platform servers will obey the usage of personal data after their initial consultation commitment. Finally, we propose a third-party platform to enforce data sharing and protection of personal data.

對學者而言，其研究主題的本體論資訊，包括有影響力的論文、有影響力的會議、有影響力的期刊和有影響力的研究者等資料，是學術研究的重要資訊。利用研究主題的本體論資訊，就能對該領域有大致的瞭解。因此本研究的目的，就是針對特定研究主題，自動的從WWW中，探勘出此主題的本體論資訊，包含此主題中有影響力的論文、作者、會議和期刊。 我們先從WWW上透過CiteSeer取得與主題相關的學術論文，再透過引用關係去擴充論文集合。由這些論文中利用資訊萃取的技術，找出論文出處和作者。接著分別根據引用關係分析論文、會議、期刊和作者的影響力指標，我們也考慮論文、會議、期刊和作者之間的mutual reinforcing relation，修改Webpage Ranking Algorithms，來幫助計算由論文引用關係所得的影響力指標。 我們實做出系統，提供使用者查詢特定研究主題的本體論資訊，並且找出相關學者、期刊、論文的網站。我們請具有該研究主題專長的學者，評估系統的效果，得出將近60%的準確率。 / Ontological information of research topic, that includes influential papers, conferences, journals, and authors, is the important information of academic research for researchers. Ontological information gives an overview of specific research topic for researchers. Our research is to discover the ontological information of specific research topic from WWW. Firstly, we collect papers that related to specific research topic. These papers are collected by querying CiteSeer. The dataset of papers is extended by citation information further. Then, the metadata of these papers is extracted by Information Extraction technique. After analyzing the influence of papers, conferences, journals, and authors individually based on citation analysis, the influence between them will be considered mutually. We modify the Webpage Ranking Algorithms to be adapted in our research for mutual reinforcing relation analysis. We implemented a system that offers users the ontological information of specific research topic after querying from this system. And discover the website of related authors, conferences, and journals. The results evaluated by experts in specific topic are near sixty percent correct.

在企業對企業電子商務整合中，資料之間異質性以及系統間的互通性是最重要的議題之一。在整合過程中，我們必須考慮網路協定的整合、交易伙伴的整合、商業流程的整合以及商業文件的整合。一個電子商務標準通常會定義這些範圍，但是，電子商務標準都是定義語法部份而較少定義語意部份。在企業對企業電子商務整合過程當中，我們應該調解在商業訊息、商業字彙及資料字典中的語意衝突。 本體論是語意網的關鍵技術，本體論可以呈現出一個領域中語意，並且能夠推論。我們使用本體論的技術解決企業對企業電子商務整合的問題。我們提出了一個以本體論為基礎的方法來分析並研發一個企業對企業電子商務整合應用。透過使用企業對企業電子商務的本體，我們希望可以能夠了解及重覆使用企業對企業電子商務領域的知識。 / Heterogeneity and interoperability are the main issues in B2B integration. We have to consider the integration of different exchange protocols, trading partners, business processes, and business documents. A B2B standard usually specifies those integration dimensions. However, B2B standards are syntactic rather than semantic. B2B integration should conciliate the semantic conflicts between business messages, vocabularies, and data dictionary. Ontology is the key technology enables Semantic Web. Ontology can reason easier and represent the semantic of a domain. We believe that using ontology technology can solve the B2B integration issues. We propose an ontology-based approach to analyze and develop B2B integration model. By using the B2B ontologies, we hope to reuse and understand the domain knowledge.

臺灣礦業採掘有關的政治環境衝突往往被概念化為治理問題。也就是說，治理政策產生的衝突，是由於礦業採掘活動中「收益分配、政治參與、透明度和原住民社區的就業機會」等四個指標。然而，在治理層面忽略了原住民族長期受到邊緣化的歷史過程以及持續接受殖民的統治的治理模式，因此本文的主要論述是， 礦業採掘活動有關的政治環境衝突並非源自 “治理” 問題， 而更重要的是，此問題本身超越了現行的政治體制架構，因為國家、礦業採掘公司、原住民部落之間在土地議題上顯現出不同的本質觀點，雙方在政治體制的範圍上，以及文化、社會體系上，兩者皆沒有共同之處，而基於這一論點，本研究將對於南澳泰雅族人土地議題的奮鬥案立加以研究。 / Political-environmental conflicts related to extractive industries in Taiwan tend to be conceptualized as problems of governance. These conflicts are generated from ill-designed policies that manage the distribution of revenues from extractive industries, formal political participation, transparency and employment opportunities for the indigenous community. The governance approach, however, does not take into account the history of marginalization and resistance of indigenous groups, or the permanence of colonial patterns of domination in Taiwan. The main argument of this paper is that the political-environmental conflicts related to extractive activities do not derive from problems of ‘governance’, but more significantly, they emerge as a consequence of divergences that transcend the current institutional framework. The different political ontologies among state, corporate, and the indigenous community over land revealed, each party operates within institutional parameters and socio-cultural systems which have nothing in common. This argument will be developed in the case study of the Atayal people’s territorial struggles in Nan’ao, Taiwan.

壹、生平與著作－－本章分年譜與著作二節，首在辨正古今人所作近溪年譜的謬誤， 次則就台灣目前近見近溪之作品、略作介紹，其重在考據。 貳、成學經過－－本章三節，分從學術時代背景、學源與師承，近溪個人所感的問題 三方面討論，旨在考其學術淵源。 參、本體論－－本章二號節，首論宋明儒學的分系，以略為心學定位；次則詳述近溪 之即生即身言心，以明其在心學中之特色。 肆、工夫論－－分「辨志」、「覺悟」等十節，討論近溪對工夫入路的指點。 伍、近溪學說之疏釋－－本章三節，一在列舉時人對近溪的懷疑與誤解，二在對這些 誤解作疏釋，三則對近溪之其他學說更作疏釋，以明確其原意。 基、近溪學說之特色與地位－－本章討論近溪學說之特色，並衡定其在儒學中之地位 ，凡二節。

為了解決代理者程式在開放式網際網路上溝通的問題，我們採用了語意網中本體論的技術。目的是透過可信度等多個本體論的使用，代理者程式可以進行具有語意程度的溝通以完成代理者程式的互信。研究中，我們利用了DAML+OIL這種具有強大的表達能力的語言來描述數位電子憑証及安全相關的字彙，以及代理者程式彼此間的關係以便於檢驗代理者可信度，最後我們藉代理者程式的認証、授權等的溝通協定來達成資訊網服務的資源及可信度的控管機制。 / We use ontology technology from the Semantic Web to solve the agent communication problem. The idea is to build trust and other ontologies for the multi-agent system to ensure semantic level agent communication on agent trust control. In this research, we use a powerful ontology language, i.e. DAML+OIL to explicitly describe a variety of digital certificates and the relationship among agents for agent trust verification. Furthermore, we fulfill the resource and trust control mechanism using agent authentication/authorization communication protocols on the Web Services environment.

由於對資訊科技以及網際網路/和企業內網路的依賴持續加深，異質資訊整合在電子化企業中已經成為一個普遍存在而且相當重要的議題。因為在缺乏整合的情形下個別地存取異質資訊來源可能會造成資訊的混亂，而且在電子化企業的環境中，這麼做也不符合成本效益決策支援管理分析。在傳統異質資訊整合的研究中，通常會創造一個共同資料模式來處理異質性的問題，而可延伸性標記語言已經成為網路上交換資訊時的標準文件格式，使得XML成為整合工作中共同資料模式的一個很好的候選者；然而，XML僅能夠處理結構異質性，無法處理語意異質性，而本體論被視為是一個重要而且自然的工具可以用來表現真實世界中模糊不清的語意和關係，因此，在本研究中也加入了本體論以期達到異質資訊整合中的語意互動性。 在本篇論文中，我們提出一個以學名結構導向非特殊隨機式對應的方法來產生全區域綱要方法（Global Schema），以促成非傳統而是以網路為基礎的異質資訊整合。我們也提出一個對異質資訊來源較具智慧性的查詢方法，該查詢方法應用了global-as-view （GAV）全區域景觀導向方法加上本體論觀念運用，可以同時提高對底層異質資訊來源的結構互動性和語意互動性。我們透過雛型系統的實作來驗證本研究所提供的異質資訊整合方法的可行性。 / The research issues of heterogeneous information integration have become ubiquitous and critically important in e-business (EB) with the increasing dependence on Internet/Intranet and information technology (IT). Accessing the heterogeneous information sources separately without integration may lead to the chaos of information requested. It is also not cost-effective in EB settings. A common general way to deal with heterogeneity problems in traditional HII is to create a common data model. The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) has been the standard data document format for exchanging information on the Web. XML only deals with the structural heterogeneity; it can barely handle the semantic heterogeneity. Ontologies are regarded as an important and natural means to represent the implicit semantics and relationships in the real world. And they are used to assist to reach semantic interoperability in HII in this research. In this thesis, we provide a generic construct orientation no ad hoc method to generate the global schema to enable the web-based alternative to traditional HII. We provide a wiser query method over multiple heterogeneous information sources by applying global-as-view (GAV) approach with the use of ontology to enhance both structural and semantic interoperability of the underlying heterogeneous information sources. We construct a prototype implementing the method to provide a proof on the validity and feasibility.

金融商品的價值是否可以預測呢？由避險基金的操作績效以及華爾街著名分析師的事前看法和事後印證來看，答案幾乎是肯定的。不過，大多數的投資人卻依然無法獲利。站在學術的角度上來看，[Fama ,1970]的效率市場假說告訴我們，一個有效率的市場是無法獲得超額報酬的，這論點也經常被學者用來檢驗市場是否具有效率性，研究的結果也都是證明市場是無效率的。因此，我們希望藉由發展專家對於股價指數的漲跌推論規則之本體論來提升金融商品領域之知識管理的廣度與深度。 本體論(Ontology)是知識管理的表現方式之一，[Gruber ,1993]闡述本體論是一種詞彙的規格，用來呈現我們想要分享的領域；可以定義類別、關係、功能、與其他物件。由於本體論提供的是一個領域嚴謹豐富的理論因此相當適合使用在知識工程的領域上[劉紅閣、鄭麗萍與張少方 ,2005]。另外，本體論的建構過程和物件導向設計非常的類似[Chandrasekaran, Josephson & Benjamins ,1999]，因此，在研究的過程中，我們將以物件導向設計來輔助本體論的分析。最後，使用Protégé 3.0這套相當普及化的本體論編輯工具作為系統實做的工具。 / Is the value of Financial banking products predicable? In view of the operating performance of hedge fund and the preliminary insights and the evidences afterward from the well-known analyst of Wall Street, the answer is almost positive. Nevertheless, the majority of investors still can not make profits from it. Based on the Academic points, (Fama, 1970) the theory of hypothesis if efficient market showed us that we can not make extra profits from the efficient market. And it is often used to examine whether the market is of efficiency. And the result of research also proved that the market is inefficient. Therefore, it is desired that we enhance the width and deepness of knowledge management of financial banking products with the Ontology of the inferred up-and-down principal of stock index developed by the efforts of experts. Ontology is one of the ways presenting knowledge management. (Gruber, 1993) explains that the ontology is the specifications of terminology which presents the domains we would like to share with. Classes, Relations, functions and other objects could be defined by that. Ontology provide us with the theory of strictness and richness of domains, therefore, it is very suitably utilized in the domains of knowledge engineering[劉紅閣、鄭麗萍與張少方 ,2005]. Besides, the construction process of Ontology is very similar to the object-oriented design. [Chandrasekaran, Josephson & Benjamins ,1999] Based on this, we will use the object-oriented design to assist the analysis of Ontology through our research . At last, Protégé 3.0 which is the very popular editing tool of Ontology is used as a tool for the system implementation.