由於網路科技日新月異，使得數位內容之交換越來越容易，但所引發的著作權問題卻不斷受爭議，也間接顯示出著作權法之不足。Lawrence Lessig有鑑於此，提出創用CC(Creative Commons)的觀念，希望可以提供創作者另一個新的管道來分享其創作，卻也同時可以保留其部分權利(Some Rights Reserved)。但目前資訊共享創作僅在主從式(Client-Server)架構中提供較完整的服務。本論文將指出資訊共享創作架構在主從式網路之缺點，並提出一個在Super node對等式(Peer-to-Peer,P2P)網路上具CC授權的數位內容共享創作之平台，且使用結合了各式本體論(Ontology)及規則(Rule)之SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language)來加強目前資訊共享創作上之表示及推論。 / Owing to network technology changing, it gets easier and easier to exchange digital contents. However, the emerging copyright problems dispute shows the deficiency of copyright. Lawrence Lessig proposed Creative Commons (CC), the concept of providing another new channel for creators to share their creative works by keeping some rights reserved. In this thesis, we indicate the shortcomings of CC on Client-Server network and present a rights description control system to share digital contents with CC licenses on Super-node P2P network. We use ontology and rule e.g. SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) to enhance CC’s digital rights description and control on the P2P network.

本論文研究當代大儒馬浮（一八八三－一九六七）的生平暨成學歷程，交遊與門人， 著作與刻書，以及他的學術思想。內容大要如下： 第一章分幼年暨青少年、杭州治學、講學刻書、晚年四期來表述馬浮的一生，並在各 節中隨時討論他的成學歷程。第二章擇要考察了馬浮的友人十三位（趙熙、釋夕一、 熊十力．．．等）和門人廿一位（豐子愷、劉百閔、戴加仁．．．等）。第三章將馬 浮的撰著（含專著十一種和目前所收集到的詩文卅五篇）、編著（別集一種、叢書二 種）與，刻做一總結的整理與介紹。第四章就本體論、工夫論與六藝論三方面，對馬 浮的學術思想做一初步的探討。結論則嘗試對馬浮的學術思想作一定位，並說明他對 今後儒學發展的意義與重要性。

金融控股公司法的通過，放寬了金融機構業務限制，允許金融機構以購併其他金融公司的方式成立集團式金融機構。同時，由於亞洲金融風暴及多起金融弊案的發生，國際清算銀行於2004年制訂新巴塞爾資本協定，要求各國金融機構依循協定中之相關管理方法控制風險。在以服務導向架構整合內部異質系統為基礎的金融機構中，如何在建置符合新巴賽爾資本協定之風險控管直通式流程，以確實執行資本協定中之相關風險控管規定，成為金融機構亟待解決的問題。 本體論的運用除了可以系統化的表達知識之外，亦可運用於流程管理上。首先，本研究在服務導向架構之基礎下，運用本體論訂定企業貸款類型，形成現有企業貸款業務與新巴賽爾資本協定資產類別之對應。其次，再依據新巴賽爾資產分類進行資本計提；本研究透過本體論流程（Ontology Workflow），呼叫並執行服務導向架構之企業金融放款網路服務模組，依不同之巴賽爾資產分類，以直通式的自動流程實踐巴賽爾風險控管規範的要求。 　　另外，研究中以Protégé軟體實作企業貸款之本體論及其風險控管之直通式本體論流程，並使用微軟.Net網路服務技術開發相關企業貸款風險控管網路服務，建置出ㄧ雛型系統以驗證本體論與服務導向架構形成直通式風控流程之可行性，最後提出相關建議與未來研究方向。 / The adoption of Financial Holding Company Act relaxes the restriction of financial institutes business and allows the establishment of financial holdings by completing acquisition of other companies by financial institutes. Meanwhile, due to Asia’s financial crisis and the occurrence of other financial irregularities, The Bank for International Settlement established New Basel Capital Accord in 2004 to demand every financial institute in the world follow the related management way in the accord to control risks. How to found the Straight Through Process (STP) that fits New Basel Capital Accord to accurately execute some related risk management regulations in capital accord for financial institutes based on Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) integrated heterogeneous system is the main problem in financial institutes. The manipulation of Ontology not only can present knowledge systematically but can apply in Business Process Management. First, this research is based on service oriented architecture and further applied Ontology to make traditional asset class of corporate loan to form the present corporate loan corresponding with New Basel Capital Accord asset class of corporate loan. Second, Capital Charge is proceeded based on New Basel Capital Asset Class, and e-loan web services can be called and executed using Ontology Workflow. According to different New Basel Capital Asset Class, the requirement of Basel risk management principals can be practiced by STP. Moreover, this research uses Protégé software to practice the Ontology of corporate loan and the Ontology of risk management STP then followed by using Microsoft .Net technology to build up e-loan web services and further set up a prototype to confirm the probability of STP risk control process and finally propose suggestions and further research.

在目前的網際網路中，點對點(P2P)網路的應用扮演了一個重要的角色。由於在點對點網路架構下，檔案分享系統中檔案的數量以及來源大量增加，造成使用者必須花費更多的時間找尋想要的資源，因此搜尋功能就顯得格外地重要。BitTorrent(BT)作為一個點對點檔案分享系統，用戶量不斷增加，已逐漸成為網路頻寬的主要消耗者之一，但是其協定中沒有提供搜尋的功能，而且檔案分散於各個檔案發佈站之間，以及各發佈站之間無法有效搜尋彼此擁有的檔案資源，導致使用者查詢時效率不佳。因此本研究期望建立一套語意式搜尋機制來幫助使用者解決上述的問題。藉由使用語意網技術(Semantic Web)，針對BT檔案分享系統設計本體論，進行資源描述和建立簡單的分類，利用檔案的metadata來提供搜尋的功能以及彙整各檔案分佈站的檔案資源，做為上述議題的一個解決方案，讓使用者能夠更有效率地找到更完整的資源。 / In current World Wide Web, P2P network application plays an important role. Because the number and origin of files increase greatly in file sharing system under the architecture of P2P, causing users to spend more time searching for the resources they want. Therefore, the search function appears especially important. BitTorrent(BT), one kind of P2P file sharing system, has more and more users and becomes one of the biggest consumer of the network bandwidth. But it doesn't support any search function and shared files disperse between many web sites. Furthermore, these web sites can't exchange the shared files they own efficiently. These problems result in inefficient search performance. My research expects to propose a semantic search method to solve the problems mentioned above. By the means of Semantic Web technology, we design the ontology of BT file sharing system to describe the resources and establish simple taxonomy. In addition, using the metadata of files to provide BT for search function and collect the shared files between web sites. Let users find the shared files more efficiently and completely.

本論文的目的是希望能以模型驅動方式，利用既有本體論提供的知識，快速產生與之相關的網路服務應用。我們的方法是先將本體論知識轉換為符合EMF超模型規格的中性模型，這些模型經人為修正與轉換之後，利用EMF和我們實作的產生器，即可從模型生成模型實作以及網路服務的WSDL與OWL-S描述檔。在產生出WSDL後，就可以用AXIS提供的工具，從WSDL的介面描述中生成網路服務的通訊端點實作。我們的系統整合了AXIS與EMF產出的程式碼，使系統能夠產生出比原本AXIS產出的實作更為完整的功能。最後，部分實作所缺之邏輯處理部份，則需由程式開發人員再予補足，即能建構出完整的網路服務。我們提出的這套方法與開發工具，讓開發人員能善用本體論知識，經由模型驅動的設計方式，快速地建構出網路服務系統。 / In this thesis we propose a model-driven approach by which we can make use of existing ontology knowledge to help construct a partial implementation of web services on related domains. The idea is to use existing formal ontologies for an application domain as the basis of requirement and system analysis. Our system then transforms these ontologies into platform neutral models conforming to the EMF metamodel, which, after additional refinements, can be used to construct platform dependent web service models as well as a partial implementation by following the typical MDA process with supporting tools. Finally, developers need only fulfill the lacked service logic and a complete web service can be obtained. In addition to providing and integrating supporting tools, the main contribution of our system is to leverage ontology for rapid construction of web services.

本體論的目的在表達一個大家能共用分享的概念，且為知識表達的重要基礎，可用來協助電腦搜尋、交換資訊及了解文字。本體論的應用使網路上的資源都能夠透過電腦明確的被定義出來，使機器透過本體論語言的描述，了解自然語言，加強資料檢索效率並達到知識共享的效果。 本體論建置的困難點主要是有太多不同專業領域的領域本體知識需要被定義，所以非常的耗力費時。為了加強建置效率，需要依賴系統化的方法論來進行建置本體工程，並驗證其品質。 為了使電腦能夠理解人類語言，許多研究者透過文字探勘技術發展能讓電腦理解的電子詞典，經過分析後將詞典中的詞彙連結成語意網絡，並將語意網路將應用於各種不同的研究領域。 因此，本研究嘗試利用文字探勘技術協助建置本體知識，而結論包含可利用文字探勘技術半自動化的協助建置公司治理議題詞庫、語意網路，及以公司治理語意網路作為建置本體知識的基礎，並經由建置方法的提出，將語意網路轉化為公司治理本體知識。 / The purposes of ontology are offering reusable and sharable concepts, and being the base of knowledge representation. It serves a smart way of information searching and exchanging, the resources on internet can easily defined, and computer can understand people’s natural language by the application of ontology, improving the efficiency of data indexing. In order to let computer understand natural language, many researchers have worked hard on electronic lexicons containing computer’s logic through text mining technology, by analyzing lexicons for finding out relative vocabularies and connecting them into a semantic network. Therefore, this research try to utilize text mining technology to support on ontology engineering, the results are developing a text mining technology to support the building of corporate governance’s lexicon and semantic network semi-automatically, and take corporate governance semantic network as the bases of ontology engineering, and introduce a method to turn semantic network into corporate governance ontology.

目前資訊系統之建置多為求速成而以採購所謂解決方案的套裝系統或元件拼裝為主，雖然此舉帶來軟體再用效益使建置成本降低但由於實施過程抽象化不足使得欲讓系統適應用戶環境時客製化困難且各套裝系統詞彙標準不一也造成資料整合時語意混淆，導致空有外殼讓系統與組織扞格不入而無法帶來實質效益。本研究所提之系統發展方法即是為解決上述情況以本體論為概念描述基礎分從靜態資料觀點、動態流程觀點及資訊技術觀點出發進而彙整發展具彈性與再用性之資訊系統。 本研究過程是植基於設計科學的系統發展研究方法論，將資訊系統開發流程分為五個階段，並根據設計科學的定義，驗證研究結果的四項產出：構件、模型、方法與實例，希從學術的嚴謹面提昇產出結果的品質。並藉著探討分析運用本研究之發展方法建置出的個案，其所得到之結果足以供後繼者建置或改善知識管理相關系統做參考。 / In these few decades, many organizations pursued of e-Solutions by selecting so-call off-the-shelf packages or mixed 3rd party components to promote the reusing value and reduce the cost of implementation. However, there is no single solution suitable for all types of organization and customized or hybrid system must be inevitable to face the consistency problem. We believe the proper abstraction and ontological commitment can help in these situations. From this point of view, we propose the information system development methodology which is aiming to implement the flexible and reusable ontology driven information system from the view of static domain data, dynamic workflow and abstract technology. In this study, we conduct the system development research methodology based on design science. In order to easily note, we divide the research process into five stages. According to the criteria of design science, we will examine the research results: constructs, models, methods and instantiations for consolidating the quality of research outputs. Besides, we will show the cases which are implemented by proposed methodology for further study and suggestion of improving present system development issues.

隨著ontology應用及語意網的普及，可以預見將有越來越多的應用系統以ontology做為異質系統間之資料交換格式。若現行的分散式監控系統，也能夠以ontology做為程式外部的溝通及資料描述介面，那不同的監控系統彼此要交換資料就會更容易。此外，系統本身若也採用ontology做為與外部溝通的語言，則系統在面對裝置異動或邏輯修改時，將能更快速的反應需求也能更有彈性的面對異動。本研究的目標，便是想要從監控系統中分離出程式應用邏輯及設備描述邏輯，改以ontology的描述方式來取代，進而建立一套以ontology為核心的監控系統，並藉由ontology的導入來改善現行監控系統修改不易及彈性不大的缺點。 為了驗證上面的論述，我們設計了一套以ontology為組態描述的webpanel系統。製造商可以用符合ontology的語法來描述設備的規格，系統整合商也能透過ontology設計監控系統的應用邏輯，結合兩者的ontology描述，便能讓webpanel系統執行監控程序。透過我們的實驗證明，以ontology做為監控系統的應用邏輯描述是可行的。在建構監控系統的過程中，系統整合商能很快的藉由應用系統描述檔完成監控系統的描述，同時webpanel在面對設備故障發生時，也能迅速的透過ontology的搜尋，找到此區域中可用的設備來替代。 對系統整合商來說，建置另一套全新的監控系統只需依據新環境的狀況，適度的調整應用系統描述檔，便可以開始進行監控系統安裝及測試，比起傳統每換一個環境就需要重新撰寫程式的作法會快上許多。另外，藉由ontology描述的特性，可以讓設計的經驗完整的保存下來，供重複使用，對於人才流動快速的企業來說，也可以有效的降低訓練人力及開發系統的時間。 我們希望能夠藉由設計webpanel過程中獲得的相關經驗來簡化傳統監控系統的設計流程及維護時間，將ontology的優點導入相對封閉的監控領域中，讓其更易與其他領域相結合，為人類生活帶來更大的便利。 / As ontology becomes more common and more popular, we are expecting to see an increase in its usage among heterogeneous applications with a need of information exchange. If current distributed monitoring system can utilize ontology as an external communication platform, it will be much easier for different monitoring systems to share and exchange information. In addition, if the systems are able to use ontology as its external communication language, it will be more flexible and faster for the system to make necessary logical changes. The purpose of the research is to differentiate application logic and description logic out of a monitoring system, replace them with ontology, and eventually make it the core of the monitoring system. This could overcome the drawbacks of the current monitoring systems such as lack of flexibility. In order to justify the objective, we designed a system called webpanel . Manufacturers can use languages that are compatible to ontology to describe the equipment’s specification. System integrators can also use ontology to design system application logic. With these two types of information, we can allow the webpanel to conduct process monitoring. Through our research we found that using ontology to monitor application logic is a good way to construct a flexible surveillance system. During the construction period, system integrators can finish the monitoring description promptly based on the system description. When an equipment failure is encountered, though the search capability of ontology, the system can automatically look for replacement equipment within the area. From a system integrator’s perspective, rebuilding a brand new monitoring system only depends on some factors in the new environment. With a few minor changes in the system description file, we can deploy a monitoring system shortly. It is highly flexible compared to the traditional way where a new environment will need a new set of programs with customized application logic. Ontology allows us to preserve reusable design experience. Companies that are facing huge turn-over rates can really benefit from it by reducing the cost of training and system development. We are not the first one to use ontology but we hope that through the design of webpanel, we can acquire experiences to help simplify design in traditional monitoring system and maintenance time. We hope by introducing ontology into the conservative monitoring industry, it can help connect with other industries and bring greater convenience to people’s life.

近來，旅遊資訊廣被旅遊者在網路上使用。雖然網路上的資訊十分豐富，但是使用者仍常常難以找尋到精準的資訊。而旅遊商品的特性為無形的，所以使用者不能實際地來評估這個服務直到他實際地體驗之後。也就是因為此種特性，所以如何讓使用者在真正體驗到之前能夠取得可信與真實的旅遊資訊變得十分重要。為了解決此問題，語意網絡的概念即出現來解決人與電腦間溝通的問題。而一個本體即是由一個正式化的、某一具有精確規格概念的領域來提供之可實行的平台來發展可信的旅遊資訊服務。 在本論文中，我們探討了旅遊推薦系統的發展、其遭遇的問題、語意網相關之技術包含了：網路本體語言、資源描述架構、和一些目前現有的旅遊本體發展的情況。此外，為了要能提供更智慧化的旅遊行程規劃推薦服務，我們將語意的想法帶入了此領域。我們會提出一個方法讓智慧型旅遊行程推薦服務能在本體論的基礎上實現。所以，一系列的旅遊本體會被建構發展，來讓我們的芻形系統能夠做出行程推薦的服務。此提出的系統能夠驗證語意網的概念在旅遊推薦領域的可行性。它亦能利用屬性與之間的關係來推薦出更智慧型的資訊，找出個人化的景點、活動與行程給旅行者。 / Nowadays, travel information is increasing to appeal the tourists on the web. Al- though there are numerous information provided on the web, the user gets puzzled in nding accurate information. The tourism product has an intangible nature in that cus- tomers cannot physically evaluate the services on oer until practically experienced. This makes access to credible and authentic information about tourism products before the actual experience very valuable. In order to solve these problems, the concept of seman- tic web comes into existence to have communication between human and computer. An Ontology being a formal, explicit specication of concepts of a domain provides a viable platform for the development of credible tourism information services. In this paper, we discuss the development of travel recommendation system, the problems it encounters, the related technology about semantic web including OWL, RD- F/RDFS, and some current circumstances of the existing tourism ontologies as well. Futhermore, in order to make more intelligent travel planning recommendation services, we bring the idea of semantic into tourism domain. We will present an approach aimed at enabling intelligent recommendation services in tourism support systems using ontolo- gies. A suite of tourism ontologies was developed and engaged to enable a prototypical tourism system with recommednation capabilities. The proposed system can verify the feasibility and concept of taking semantic web technology into tourism recommendation systems domain. It also can recommend more intelligent information using properties, relationships of travel ontology, and is responsible for nding personalized attractions, activities and a trip itinerary for travelers.

網路的發達使得數位內容的流通更加的便利，數位內容擁有者為了避免資料被任意散播，而採用DRM(Digital Rights Management)系統來保護自身的權利。然而DRM系統是採用限制的方式來控管資料的使用，並沒有考量到合理使用的設計，其中主要的原因在於合理使用的規範難以設計且用電腦落實，時常會有一些情況需視個案而定。 本研究希望透過結合本體論推論與案例式比對的來解決合理使用規範難以制定的問題，利用本體論與規則語言進行推論做合理使用判斷，當本體論與規則語言無法判斷時再進行案例式比對，經由案例庫中的合理使用案例，我們可以明確的給予使用者在對數位內容操作上是否為合理使用的依歸，若沒有相符的案例，依舊可以給予使用者一個迫近預期的合理使用建議。 / Thanks to the development of network, it is much more convenient to spread digital contents; nevertheless, digital content owners can only use DRM (Digital Rights Management) system to protect their personal data from unapproved spreading. However, the fair use design is barely taken into consideration in the DRM system since it only uses limit principles to control data-spreading. The main reason is that fair use policy is not only hard to design but also hard to be universally practiced on computers. Furthermore, there are always rooms for fair use cases beyond a general model description. This research aims to combine the advantages of ontology reasoning and case-based reasoning (CBR) to solve the problem of defining and enforcing fair use policy. Applying ontology and the rule language is the first approach to infer fair use decision; following is the CBR. This means that if ontology is not able to infer a fair use through its enforceable policy, then we apply CBR technique by compared with previous fair use cases established in our case base. Therefore, we can always derive a fair use or not fair use decision. Otherwise, we propose a recommendation for how to achieve a fair use or avoid not a fair use.