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台灣省國民中學教師流動因素與型態之研究蕭霖, Hsiao Lin Unknown Date (has links)
本研究的目的在暸解教師流動的型態與調動的因素,從83學年度臺灣省國民中學調動教師中抽取384人,並同時抽取380位未調動教師作為參照。
本研究採用虛擬依變項的迴歸分析,探討導致教師調動的因素。結果發現教師調動的型態存在往都會地區流動的現象。調動與非調動教師的比較中,在性別、教學年資、婚姻狀況與配偶的勞動參與率、自用住宅的擁有、調動次數、學校規模、以及是否為居民的變項上有顯著的不同。
在調動機率的影響方面,性別、教學年資、婚姻狀況與配偶的勞動參與率、調動次數、學校規模、以及薪資與福利措施的滿意度上,有著顯著的預測力。研究的結論是教育人力資源分配仍不平均,從影響教師調動機率的因素中,可以提供導引教育人力資源分配更加均衡的線索。 / The main purpose of this study is to inquire into the style about the teachers' mobility and the factors affecting such mobility. Sampling from 1994 academic year in Taiwan, the researcher focuses on the 384 cases of all mobilized teachers and their counterpart-380 nonmobilized cases.
A dummy dependent regression analysis is conducted to explore the factors. As a result, the phenomenon for mobility tends to flow into the metropolis. Factors affecting the mobility exhibits significant differences compared to nonmobility; such as factors among sex, seniority, marriage, inhibition, frequcncy of mobility and the scale of the school.
In additions, the propensity to mobile, as this study finds, has to do with their sex, seniority, marriage and the labor participation of spouse, frequcency of mobility, degree of the content about their wages and welfare, and the scale of the school. The conclusions made here are: the human resources in education is still scanty. From the factors influenced mobility probability, it can provide some clues to make the human resources in education more equal.
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略蕭霖, HSIAO, LIN Unknown Date (has links)
The main purpose of this study is to inquire into the style
about the teachers' mobility and the factors affecting such
mobility. Sampling from 1994 academic year in Taiwan, the
researcher focuses on the 384 cases of all mobilized teachers
and their counterpart-380 nonmobilized cases. A dummy
dependent regression analysis is conducted to explore the
factors. As a result, the phenomenon for mobility tends to flow
into the metropolis. Factors affecting the mobility exhibits
significant differences compared to nonmobility; such as factors
among sex, seniority, marriage, inhibition, frequcncy of
mobility and the scale of the school. In additions, the
propensity to mobile, as this study finds, has to do with their
sex, seniority, marriage and the labor participation of spouse,
frequcency of mobility, degree of the content about their wages
and welfare, and the scale of the school. The conclusions made
here are: the human resources in education is still scanty. From
the factors influenced mobility probability, it can provide some
clues to make the human resources in education more equal.
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來華觀光旅客需求預測模式建立之研究 / Construction of Forecasting Models for Tourists Coming to R.O.C.時巧煒, Shih, Chiao Wei Unknown Date (has links)
觀光事業素有無煙囪工業之稱,自政府於民國四十八年全力推動發展以來
,來華觀光旅客人數即不斷地成長,此對促進國民外交與增加政府的外匯
收入上有莫大的幫助。觀光旅客人數的多寡,直接影響本地觀光業者與政
府相關單位對觀光業軟硬體設施的投資,像是觀光旅館的興建、導遊人員
的培訓以及整體策略的規劃。不當的評估或不正確的需求預測,都將導致
大量觀光資源的閒置或浪費。本研究計劃主要應用簡算法、時間趨勢模式
、時間序列模式、計量經濟模式,尋找並建立來華觀光旅客長短期需求預
測模式,並針對總體或各主要市場的需求,利用各種模式評估準則提出一
最佳預測模式,以供政府相關單位與觀光業者作為往後政策釐定以及投資
計劃擬定時的參考。
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中國加入GATT/WTO的談判決策研究 / 無黃炎坤 Unknown Date (has links)
中華人民共和國政府自1949年成立以來進行了近30年的集體經濟制度,但是自1978年起最高領導人鄧小平開始推行「改革開放政策」,試圖以「帶有中國特色的社會主義」經濟制度取代原本的集體經濟制度。在此基礎上,鄧小平在1986年做出決策,正式申請為中國恢復其關稅暨貿易總協定(GATT)的會員國地位。在1986年至1988年間,相關的申請程序似乎一切順利,中國復關指日可待;然而1989年的「六四事件」卻使中國的申請復關程序分別在國內外方面面臨到新的困難,一直到1995年世界貿易組織(WTO)正式取代關稅暨貿易總協定(GATT)之前,中國都無法恢復其關稅暨貿易總協定(GATT)的會員國地位。1995年至1997年中美關係陷入低潮,嚴重打擊了中美針對中國加入WTO的談判議程,不過1997年至1998年中美領導人江澤民與柯林頓刻意營造有利於中美談判的和諧環境,使江澤民開始積極利用其最高領導人的決策影響力推動中美談判,終於在1999年中美順利完成談判,中國並在2001年正式成為WTO會員。
本論文研究著重於中國加入GATT/WTO的談判決策的國內層次因素,並利用許志嘉提出的官僚組織決策模式、領導集體決策模式與領袖主導決策模式分別探討官僚系統、領導高層與最高領導人在中國對外經濟決策議題方面的決策影響力。本論文認為雖然中國在經濟決策議題方面逐漸受到「分散化威權主義」(fragmented authoritarianism)的影響而使得最高領導人與領導高層必須要與專業官僚部門分享決策權力,因而拖累了中國對外經濟決策效率,但是一旦最高領導人介入對外經濟決策議題,他可利用多種政治手段贏得大多數領導高層與官僚單位的支持,進而實現其政策偏好。
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行動通訊網路系統共享之研究-以無線基地台設施為例 / A Study of Mobile Network Sharing on Radio Access Network Infrastructure張智為, Chang, Chih Wei Unknown Date (has links)
隨著網際網路的發展,社群網路與智慧型手機快速發展以及各種雲端線上服務快速發展,導致行動上網服務需求日以鉅增;為了提供用戶良好的行動通訊網路涵蓋區域與高速上網服務,行動電信公司不斷進行網路系統昇級與擴充,但是各電信公司的每用戶平均貢獻收入(Average Revenue Per User, ARPU)卻是日漸下滑,在資本支出上昇與營收下滑的經營窘境下,需待新的解決方案來改善此一情形。
2015年亞太電信在未建置足夠的基地台情形下,以漫遊台灣大哥大方式開始提供4G行動寬頻服務,雖然在台灣電信市場上引發不少批評及爭議,但是行動通訊網路共享的議題卻是值得深入探討。
2000年歐洲無線電頻譜競標中不斷刷新3G執照費用,大幅增加行動電信公司的經營成本,全球電信業者為了控制不斷攀升的電信網路建設成本(Capital Expenditures,CAPEX)以及電信營運費用(Operating Expense,OPEX),行動通訊網路共享方案儼然成為一個重要的策略選項,各國行動電信業者已嘗試各種不同型態的網路共享模式,甚至包含無線電頻譜共用(Spectrum Sharing),以減少電信總成本之負擔。
本研究調查12個行動通訊網路共享案例,發現已有10個案例已開啟主動式行動通訊網路共享模式,特別是歐美業者已廣泛採用主動式行動通訊網路共享模式,期望能以較快速且低成本的方式擴展新的服務區域及提升網路涵蓋範圍。
行動通訊網路共享的範圍、深度及施行模式,將對電信市場競爭產生重要的影響。本研究並將評估行動通訊網路共享的可行性,建立行動通訊網路共享類型,提供未來電信業者建議行動通訊網路共享模式,使電信業者及消費者均能受惠於行動通訊網路共享所帶來的好處。
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技術報酬金決定因素之研究 以我國廠商為例倪家珍, NI,JIA-ZHEN Unknown Date (has links)
由於我國在技術上仰賴外國者居多,故技術報酬金之支付仍是我國廠商在開發新技術
上之一大負擔。本文便在研究影響我國技術購買者所欲支伏價格之因素,並試圖建立
一個決策模式,以便未來國內廠商在洽談技術時,判斷報酬金是否過高的指標。
本文資料除由中央銀行、投審會所得來之統計數據外,尚由問卷調查國內電子資訊業
、化工業、汽車及其零件業三種廠商類別,由這些廠商中獲得實際經驗之量化數字,
來做複迴歸分析、判斷各個因素的影響高低。模式如下:
C=F(U,G,E,R,S,N,Z)
C :移轉成本,在此即為報酬金
U :授方移轉技術次數
G :技術年齡
E :技術經驗
R :技術接受之R&D/Sa1es 比例
S :技術接受者之銷售額
N :被授方認為是科技相似或競爭者之數目
Z :誤差項
預期未來結果為各項變數均與移轉成本為負相關。
至於影響的顯著程度,則以行業別與引進國家別來畫分比較,一般預期由歐洲引進的
報酬金高,而日本較低。
除此之外,再由廠商的購買行為,與其心目中認為價格合理之因素,來合併探討技術
報酬金之模式,希望能夠建立一個完整而合理之決策模式,以供國內廠商分析使用。
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泡沫經濟後日本金融業經營模式創新變革:瑞穗金融集團與新生銀行之個案探討吳志忠 Unknown Date (has links)
在政府將金融創新列為工作項目之一,台灣在金融創新的議題上也投入相當的研究,但多半是從產品的創新著手,鮮少從經營模式創新來分析金融創新,因此本論文將透過經營模式的創新來探討兩家日本銀行金融機構-瑞穗金融集團及新生銀行-如何在環境的變化中,重新尋求自己在產業中的地位,探討銀行業如何進行經營模式的創新,在競爭激烈的市場中為消費者創造價值,而進一步提升企業的獲利狀況,從日本銀行的經驗中獲得對台灣銀行業的啟示。
透過策略再思考:重新定義自身產業,重新思考企業的定位與方向,在創新的理論中找出創新的來源,透過經營模式的元素-核心策略、策略性資源、顧客界面、價值網絡-將之落實在改革的過程中,透過經營模式的創新變革,讓金融業可以了解如何在市場上與競爭者進行不同的競爭。
在分析完個案後,本論文也提出幾點結論:1. 追求規模的擴大不如追求如何去經營模式的創新:開創各種新的獲利模式,對獲利來源也要進行風險管理;2. 獲利結構的從傳統利差走向複雜管理收入:銀行如何適應新的競爭環境;3. 從分散到聚焦,從通才到專業化:專注於重點區域,妥善配置企業資源。銀行業未來的走向會越來越趨向專業化的方向,銀行組織設計會朝向以產品線或顧客為主的設計,而不是傳統的功能式設計;4. 從規模擴大走向深度成長:企業績效評估系統的改變,讓銀行經營的更有效率;5. 從外部綜效走向內部綜效的產生:綜效可以透過內部系統良好運作而產生,不一定要靠併購。
關鍵字:經營模式、策略性思考、經營模式創新 / Financial innovation has been one of government’s priorities, and the academia also puts much research into the topic, but most are from the product innovation perspective instead of business model innovation. In the research, we have analyzed two of Japanese financial companies- The Mizuho Financial Group and Shinsei Bank – and discuss how they redefine their positions in the industry in the changing environment, how they create value for consumers by business model innovations and further improve the profits states of enterprises. Finally, we want to get enlightenment from their experiences for Taiwan financial industry.
Through strategic thinking: Redefining your industry, rethinking your positioning and directions of enterprises, finding out the sources of the innovation from theories; through the elements of business model – core strategies, strategic resources, customer interface, information technology- it could be implemented in the reforming process; through the business model innovation, financial enterprises are capable to understand how to compete in the market base on differentiation.
After analyzing the cases, the thesis proposes some conclusions: 1. In order to create more new profits-making sources, pursuing new business model is more important than pursuing a larger scale simply. Also, risk management is needed in the topic of profit-making sources. 2. The profit-making structure of banking changes from traditional rate margin to complicated management expertise: how the banking adapts to the new competitive environment; 3.From dispersal to focus and from general to specialization: Future of banking will tend to focus on the key area, and allocate the enterprise resources properly. And the financial industry will be more specialized; the design of organization structure of banks will mainly rely on product lines or the customer, instead of traditional function. 4. from expanding the scale to deep growth: The change of assessing the enterprise's performance will bring banks better operational efficiencies.5. From external synergies to internal synergies: synergies can be generated through the internal well-operated system, not only depend on merging;
Key words: Business Model、Strategic thinking、Business Model Innovations
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從開放式創新觀點探討NTT DoCoMo平台型經營模式 / NTT DoCoMo’s Platform Business Model:Open Innovation Perspective韓燕甯, Han,Yan Ning Unknown Date (has links)
在現今之行動通訊產業中,面對技術融合、顧客需求多樣化、快速創新的衝即,整個產業結構已發生了根本上的影響。傳統行動通訊產業中的線性價值鏈已不復見,而是重新聚合成全新的價值網,而這個新的價值網跨越了原本各自獨立的產業界線,並經由不同的連結方式,形成新的產業形態,展現出新的面貌。其中,更可以明顯發現,透過許多不同領域能力之結合,可以造就出許多新事業、新市場的誕生。據此,企業為了追求快速創新,便不可能僅憑一己之力,於內部發展出各式各樣之能力。反之,企業必須由外部擷取他人之力,再與內部核心能力結合,與外部關係人建立共生關係,最終達成多贏之局面。據此,Chesbrough (2003) 認為,企業過去「封閉式創新」的作法已不合時宜,未來必須走向「開放式創新」。
本研究在文獻探討的部分,將焦點放在三大議題:開放式創新、經營模式與平台型經營模式。同時,選擇全球行動通訊產業的領導廠商 – NTT DoCoMo為個案公司,從1999年至2007年之公司資料中,歸納出個案公司的三大議題:發展歷程、經營模式與合作關係。
最後,本研究歸納出以下結論:第一:平台型經營模式有利於企業有效且及時地連結外部環境之資源,以實踐開放式創新;第二:企業在追求快速創新之目標時,其所採用之創新模式可依據下述兩種要素來區分:合作關係之廣度與資源投入之程度。而面對不同核心程度之能力時,須採用不同之模式;第三:平台型經營模式由眾多構面組成,而面對不同的構面,企業須採用不同的模式來發展;第四:成功的平台型經營模式必須具備吸引力與主導力。 / Today, the mobile communication industry is faced with the impact of technology fusion, diversified customers’ demand and fast innovation; this industry already changed fundamentally. The linear value chain of traditional mobile communication industry is no more, instead, there is a whole new value net, which is connected in different way to become a new industry. From the result, through the combination of capabilities from different areas, it can lead to many new businesses and markets. According to the above, for the purpose of fast innovation, companies are impossible to develop various capabilities all by themselves inside; instead, companies have to introduce other capabilities from outside and combine with their core capabilities. Through the establishment of ecosystem, it will lead to the all-win situation. According to the above, Chesbrough argues that the traditional close innovation is no more, it is the age of open innovation.
In this research, the literature review focuses on three issues: open innovation, business model and platform business model. Meanwhile, this research chooses the global leading company in mobile communication industry – NTT DoCoMo as the case company and the case study focuses on three issues: history, business model and collaborative relationships.
This research reaches three conclusions. First, platform business model can help companies connect with the environment effectively and timely. Second, open innovation includes two different concepts: open and closed at the same time and these different concepts should be applied to different capabilities. Third, business model is composed of many aspects, and different aspects should be developed by different concepts. Forth, open business model’s paradigm is platform business model and two of platform business model’s fundamental forces are attraction and predomination.
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餐飲業國際市場進入策略暨營運模式探討-以六角國際與集山實業為例 / Foreign market entry mode and business model analysis of food and beverage industry-the case of La Kaffa and WOO Corporation崔宸源, Tsui, Chen Yuan Unknown Date (has links)
The food and beverage industry in Taiwan is becoming increasingly competitive. Companies have therefore been trying to expand their operations abroad to different countries, both emerging and developed economies. How the companies expand and operate abroad is a challenging issue faced by every company that tries to enter foreign countries. This research starts out from the practitioners’ perspectives, and addresses critical management issues. The problems of international expansion are dynamic and fairly complicated due to the fast-changing business environment, which means practical decision rules are valuable.
The study tackles this issue by attempting to offer decision rules on three research questions. They include the influence factors on the selection of foreign market entry mode, the mechanism of capturing growth and avoid huge losses and business model innovation in foreign markets.
This research discovers entry mode choice should be accompanied by considering the joint effect of influence factors. And at point of entry, adopting real option perspective leads to better performance in the foreign market because it captures growth opportunities. Furthermore, adjusting the key processes in the business model helps companies realize more efficient operations and in some case, leads to better subsequent performance after entering the foreign country.
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行銷績效與行銷努力的關係陳志雄 Unknown Date (has links)
企業資源有限,需要決策。透過科學化的行銷模式,模擬行銷努力與行銷績效的關係,結合使用者的經驗,對於實務上複雜的行銷決策,提供績效預期的參考,以便適當地將企業資源做最合理與最適化的分配。隨著行銷環境的日益複雜,經理人決策的複雜度與困難性與日俱增,但所幸由於行銷決策支援系統的漸趨成熟、行銷經理人的專業提昇、行銷理論與模式發展更趨於企業實務運作的一致性、行銷模式使用價值的認同與接受等因素,科學化行銷模式在企業實務中的運用將更為普遍,可以提供行銷經理人在複雜的行銷環境中,提昇其行銷績效。
本研究的主要目的在以實證探討國內企業使用行銷模式做為決策參考工具的可行性、效益與限制,並藉以瞭解企業界對使用行銷模式的態度與評價。本研究以Lodish(1971)的CALLPLAN模式做為企業實證的行銷模式,以較大的實驗樣本數,並以靜態組間比較(The Static-Group Comparison)進行實驗組與控制組的行銷績效檢定分析,藉以瞭解行銷績效與行銷努力的關係。
實證研究結果發現在本研究所定義與蒐集的六項行銷績效指標中,不僅在銷售額與利潤兩項數值資料的績效表現,經過統計方法的檢定,在成長幅度上實驗組皆顯著高於對應之控制組;在另四項軟性資料指標(決策品質、決策效率、管理效果、新客戶開發與掌握)上,實驗組亦有令人滿意的績效表現。證明在現今國內企業的行銷環境中,若能善加利用科學行銷模式做為績效模擬預期的工具,將對企業運作的實際績效能有相當的助益。
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