本研究旨在探討新創教育公司創業階段發展歷程之產學合作中的組織學習與社群發展活動。依公司的創業發展程度區分兩個時期: 初期與成長期進行分析。期待能夠提供一些實務與學理的貢獻。 本研究方法乃採用「個案研究法」來進行。透過新創教育公司的個案研究可以較深入去探討實務上，如何的進行於產學合作中的各項活動。 本研究之問題有四: 1.在創業階段的不同時期中，產學合作的資源連結方面分別如何 ? 2. 在創業階段的不同時期中，產學合作的主要問題及解決方案為何 ? 3.創業階段，不同時期中，實踐社群的培育重點為何 ? 以及社群培育與維繫的問題 ? 4.創業階段，創業團隊，於組織學習方面，如何達到有效學習 ? 學習來源和主要方式為何 ? 本研究獲得以下之主要結論: 本研究分析所得的主要結論 : 一、創業階段，不同時期需求，產學合作的非正式資源聯結重點不同。 二、價值觀及新公司無品牌吸引力是創業兩階段的產學合作困擾發生的主 因，而成長期的學校教師流動也造成產學合作的困擾。 三、創業階段初期，立即開始實踐社群的培育，有助於產學合作的完成。 四、以共同活動的參與有助於實踐社群的發展。 五、個人的專業認知差異和地域關係，都會影響社群的永久發展。 六、重視目標達成、知識創新、知識推廣及容許失敗實驗的學習，都有助 於組織學習效果的提升。 七、親身體驗及實驗學習都是跨領域創業組織學習的有效方式。 / The purposes of this study were to explore the industry-academic cooperation of the development of an entrepreneurial stage of a new education firm in organizational learning and cultivating communities of practice. Based on a real case study, the entrepreneurial stages of this new firm’s industry-academic cooperation activities can be divided into two stages including early stage and growth stage. According to the different entrepreneurial stage of a new education firm, the study aims to investigate the questions: 1.How about the main resource linkage between the firm and the academic in the industry-academic cooperation? 2. What are the main problem and the solution in the industry-academic cooperation activities? 3. What is the key point of the cultivating communities of practice? 4. For the Firm’s organizational learning, how to get the effective learning in which learning resource and learning type? According to the different entrepreneurial stage of a new education firm, the main findings of the study were as follows: 一、The different resource linkages demanding existed in different stage. 二、The concept of value and the new firm without brand are the main problem in the industry-academic cooperation activities. The teacher will be transferred to another school is the problem of the industry-academic cooperation activities in the growth stage. 三、The cultivating communities of practice from the early stage are helpful to develop the industry-academic cooperation. 四、The co-work is helpful to develop the community of practice. 五、The community will not be retained by the expert who holds on one’s own views and the different area where the community people live. 六、The effective learning of the organizational learning is to pay attention to the target approaching, knowledge creation, knowledge spreading and failure permitting. 七、Learning through practice and demonstration are effective resource and type.

生物科技產業，是一個被預期將於未來使人類在醫學、製藥、材料、糧食乃至於能源、生態等各方面所面臨的問題，獲得重大突破的產業；也是被公認為二十一世紀最具發展潛力的重點產業！世界上各個先進國家莫不競相投入大量資源，積極進行生技產業的培植與發展。研究單位與大專院校，一向被稱為所謂的「知識引擎」。照理說，在良好的智財管理之下，理當成為智慧財產生產之重鎮，並經由技術轉移實際地應用在產業界，協助提昇企業的競爭力，進而強化國家整體的經濟能量。 本研究藉由各方相關之文獻、著作加以分析，先從美國與我國在科技或技術移轉相關法規的介紹，再整理生物技術與生技製藥產業的特性，和我國目前的現況與問題，最後由商品化角度歸納出技術移轉在各階段的組成要素，再參考美國麻省理工學院技術移轉中心實例。與國內產學成功之案例-「寶齡富錦PBF1681專案」及「陽明大學新藥中心」對照，從中比較出國內學校與產業之間的交流，哪一環節出了問題？在探討我國大學生技製藥產學合作機制上，本研究採用的架構主要是從國內外大學負責產學合作單位的「運作流程」開始瞭解在智慧財產權、技術推廣、技術移轉過程與移轉後的回饋監控機制等。 交相比較之後，建議國內大學之技術移轉中心需擬定明瞭易懂之政策 設計簡單易填之表格、重視商品化流程、經驗豐富之授權人才引進、設置「成功故事」區，來激勵想要新創公司之人。另外，也對國內生技製藥產業建議，台灣的切入點以植物藥為迅速且花費少、成功機會高，這是值得投入之領域。而產業之結構也應有所調整，台灣藥廠規模小，無法與國外大廠競爭開發新藥。開發新藥需投入大量時間及金錢，故國外藥廠之產業結構為垂直整合，亦即是將上市前所有試驗及上市後行銷一手包辦。國內藥廠需仿照科技業一般，將整個產業作水平分工，將核心能力保留，其餘皆可外包。這樣不但節省時間，也可減少對不熟悉領域之摸索，由仿製之學名藥廠，走向新藥開發，進而與國外大廠相互抗衡。 / The universities are long taken as the “knowledge engine” for industries. Through a well-designed cooperation or licensing system, that is, the academic-industry liaison, those intellectual property produced from academic researches should be applied in the industry and industrial competency can thus be improved. However, the academic-industry liaison concerning biotechnology and drug in Taiwan is deficient. This thesis compares the cases of “Panion & BF Biotech Inc. PBF1681 Project,” “Research Center for Drug Discovery in National Yang-Ming University” in Taiwan with the Technology Licensing Office (TLO) of MIT in the U.S. Through the comparison, it can be found that techonology transfer office of universities in Taiwan needs to design a more friendly procedesure for licensee applicants and focuses on technology commercialization. Moreover, the pharmaceutical industry needs to invest more in herbal drug development. The industry itself needs corporate reengineering. The structure of the industry should be a horizontal division instead of the vertical integration. They should focus on their core competency and strengthen the mutual cooperation between companies to form a network of efficient production divisions. Key word: academic-industry liaison, biotechnology, drug discovery, pharmaceutical, Technology Licensing Office (TLO)

有鑑於我國長期以來皆為技術引入國，為強調自主創新，產學合作受到了相當程度的重視，而生技製藥產業的價值鏈長、高風險、高研發成本、高知識內涵等特性，使得產學合作成為生技製藥產業中相當重要的機制。又由於上述的產業特性，使得生技製藥公司在產品上市前，所有的研發投入，皆以「無形資產」的形式，儲存在階段性的開發成果之中，因此，智慧財產的保護與管理，對生技製藥公司而言，確實有很高的重要性，智慧財產若經過妥善的經營與管理，能有效成為企業的競爭優勢來源。 本研究即以生技製藥產業之產學合作為前提，針對智財管理與企業策略因子，以產業方的觀點，探討「產學合作－智財管理－企業營運模式」三者之間的關連性，並從智財管理的四大內涵－「創造、保護、管理、運用」作為分析之構面，釐清重要議題與關鍵因素，以作為日後雙方架構合作與管理模式之依據，達到知己知彼，互信合作，創造雙贏的綜效。 本研究以個案訪談方式，訪談台灣微脂體、台灣東洋、世基生醫三間國內生技製藥公司，並根據訪談結果之分析與彙總比較，得到研究發現並提出建議如下： 1. 生技智財策略與其營運模式有關，受到獲利方式影響而採取不同的智財策略。 2. 生技產學合作成果，「權利歸屬」之模式多元化，與該成果距離商品化之成功率有關；此外，「先專利、後發表」的慣例已普遍採用，無保密與公開之衝突。 3. 智財專責部門的設立與人數配置，應隨企業的成長而增置，人才網羅應以生技背景之跨領域專業人才為主，且需經過商管課程之訓練，方能對產業發展與競爭脈動有所掌握。 4. 產學合作成果運用，與企業核心能力與互補性資產掌控度有關，國內廠商而言，「對外授權」仍然必要；運用訴訟的方式與否，與「智財策略」有關聯，並受成本因素之影響。 5. 產業方應主動積極參與產學合作，由於學界缺乏商品化之經驗，技轉辦公室現階段亦無法充份發揮功能，因此，由產業方積極參與產學合作，能以產業方敏銳的商業嗅覺協助學界補捉具有潛力的研究，發揮引導之功能，使前瞻研究能進入應用階段，而實際造福人群，同時帶動產業的活絡發展。 / Regarding that Taiwan is always in the position of “technology transfer licensee”, to emphasize the goal of innovation, academic-industrial collaboration has becoming an important issue. Especially with regards to the features of bio-pharmaceutical value chain, such as compartmentalization, high risk, high return, highly knowledge-based, the investment input is thus transformed into the form of “intangible assets”before the product actually launched. Therefore, the protection and management of intellectual property is critical to bio-pharmaceutical companies. If IP is properly managed and utilized, it could become a source of competitive advantage. This thesis is based on the study of bio-pharmaceutical academic-industrial collaborations, from an industrial perspective, focusing on IP management and strategy. Four components of IP management－development, protection, management, and exploitation, is set as major constructs of this thesis. The primary goal of this study is to find important issues and key factors toward a successful collaboration. This thesis studied three bio-pharmaceutical companies, Taiwan Liposome Company, TTY Biopharm, and Pharmigene. According to results of interviews and analytical comparison, this thesis concludes some findings and suggestions as follow: 1. The IP strategy of a bio-pharmaceutical company is related to its business model. Different profitable models should apply different IP strategies. 2. The way which academia and industry allocate the IP right and interest is diversed, according to the risk and commercialization successful rate of the collaboration. Also, “patent goes first, publication goes after”is a common route. Therefore there is no collision between secrecy and openness. 3. The establishment and expansion of in-house IP department should go in accordance with the growing of company. It is necessary for an accountable one to be bio-tech educated and further received MBA training, in order to be competent to business competition and strategic planning. 4. The exploitation of collaboration is in relation to company’s core competence and complementary assets. For Taiwan bio-pharm companies, the“licensing out”model is necessary. With regards to litigation, the attitude toward litigation is related to its IP strategy and cost of litigation. 5. The industrial part in such collaboration should take an active attitude, because the academic part lacks commercialization experience. It would be helpful for industry to guide and help capturing valuable study in academia, therefore makes radical innovation an usful one.

本研究目的在探討我國大專院校的技術授權績效影響因素，並探討各變項的中介及調節效果解釋。透過相關文獻的整理，本研究將影響因素可分為五個族群種類，包含：投入資源、智慧財產、專業技轉組織、環境因素及學校因素等五個族群，而觀察指標則採用學校的授權績效，據此五類因素設計出三個主要的研究假設。 本研究收集採用2007年我國大專院校全體164所完整資料，整理出34個變項資料，對於我國技術移轉迴歸模型的有效解釋能力為71.5%至68.0%，認為各校的美國專利數是具有顯著中介效果的變項。具有顯著意義的調節變項中，可以歸納出TTO影響績效的三個主要變項群組，包含：(1)TTO總員工數能增強研發資源產生專利權的解釋；(2)推廣活動辦理能增強研發資源產生專利權與授權績效的解釋，唯發明人引介數與專利權有較顯著相關性；(3)TTO職員的專業背景也是重要的調節變項，當學校研發資源充足時會聘請技術及法律背景的員工。 另學校鄰近科學園區、設置醫學系、公立一般大學，這三項具有調節效果的環境及學校變項，對於解釋能力具有增強的效果，但是因果關係上傾向解釋為資源優勢，本研究認為環境變項具有顯著影響，但相對難以透過管理機制產生績效的實質影響，相對地，TTO影響的因素卻可以透過管理產生績效的實質影響，是當前各學校在發展技術移轉上可參考的重要實證資料。本研究最後提出針對大學技術移轉研究的侷限問題，以及五種能夠修正本研究限制的建議。 / The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors of technology transfer performance in the universities and colleges in Taiwan. Furthermore, this study finds the mediation variables within the factors. This study differentiates the factors into 5 major elements, including investments, intellectual property, TTO, social environments, and the university itself. The annual royalty is the dependent variable. The study builds three hypotheses according to the 5 major elements mentioned. The study collects the complete data in 2007 of 164 universities and colleges in Taiwan. The intervening and mediation variables are taken into the regression model; the higher R-square is 68.0% to 71.5%. The study divides the significant mediation variables into 3 groups, including (1) The TTO scope will increase R-square of the patents. (2) The promotion actives will increase R-square of the patents and royalties. However, there is the high correlation between inventor promotion and patents. (3) When there are sufficient RD resource in the universities, TTO will employ employees of legal and technology background. About the environments and university issues, there are three significant mediation variables, including the distance to Science Park, the faculty of medicine, the public or private universities. The environmental variables were the significant impact on regression model, but the variables were controlled difficultly by universities. Comparatively, the universities controlled the TTO variables easily, and its will be significant impact on the performances of TTO. The study argues that variables are the effect issues with resource advantage. At last, the study recognizes some limits about the research of technology transfer and proposes 5 suggestions for future research.