成語的使用有助高層次的語文認知學習和應用，無論在閱讀與寫作各方面都是重要的基礎訓練，然而目前台灣大部份的成語教學、學習平台或軟體多數提供靜態的資料查詢或教學資源，缺少以學生練習為主的環境。 　　本研究之目的為發展一個以本體論為基礎的中文成語練習系統。首先從文獻中分析成語多元訊息內容以建構成語知識本體、歸納學生運用成語造句時常見的病句偏誤原因並設計電腦可行之診斷機制，再以系統發展法建構一個以本體論為基礎的中文成語練習系統，系統可提供線上成語教材、可以自動產製是非、選擇、配合題型之測驗題目，並可以用情境式造句–在既定情境下實際利用成、詞語組合成一完整句子–的方式來練習成語，而系統可以判斷答題結果或造句是否合理，再針對成語使用盲點給予即時回饋，突破現有成語線上練習僅能從預先設定好的題庫中出題的限制，並提供情境式運用成語造句的環境。 　　系統效能及滿意度評估方面，本研究以準實驗設計進行，結果發現利用本研究之系統輔助教學的學生學習成效顯著高於使用傳統教學的學生，尤其對中、低能力程度學生具有顯著學習成效。在實際成語造句方面，以本研究之系統輔助教學之學生成語語法、語義使用正確性也較傳統教學學生顯著為高。學生也覺得本研究之系統是易用及有用的，並感到滿意。另外，在系統的可行性方面，受訪教師皆認為本研究之系統可以應用於學生自學成語。 / Using idioms would benefit a higher level of language perception, learning and application. It is also a kind of important but basic training in both reading and writing. However, presently, most platforms or software of Chinese idiom teaching and learning only offer static data inquiry or teaching resources, lack the environment of relying mainly on the fact that students practice. The purpose of this research is to develop the “ontology-based Chinese idiom practice system”. At first, we probed into the meta-data of Chinese idioms from any kind of studies and references to building and forming the ontology of the Chinese idiom, and summed up the wrong sentence with Chinese idioms to analyze the reasons of missing to design the feasible diagnosis mechanism of the computer. And then, we used above-mentioned ideas to develop the ontology-based Chinese idiom practice system. The system can offer the on-line teaching material of Chinese idioms, can automatically produce true-false, multiple-choice, and matching questions to examine, can offer a platform that users can actually practice sentence-making with Chinese idioms under a provided situation utilizing situational words and idioms. The system can also judge question sheet result or diagnose user-making sentences to be reasonable and can give feedback aiming at the blind spot immediately. This research can break through the restriction that the questions of existing on-line testing of Chinese idioms are always selected from the setting up question bank and can offer the situational environment that uses idioms to make sentences. Using quasi-experimental design, one class was assigned to experimental group using the system of this research assisted learning and the other class, the control group, using traditional teaching method. Related results demonstrated the performance of the experimental group was higher than the control group, especially it made better effect to the students of middle and low abilities in the experimental group. In making actual sentences with Chinese idiom, the number of correctness of Chinese idiom grammar and meaning using of the experimental group was higher than the control group. The students of the experimental group thought the system of this research is apt to use and useful, and feel satisfied. In addition, the teachers using the system actually thought the system of this research is practicable when the students study Chinese idiom by themselves.

本研究旨在探討運用點讀筆是否具有提升國中生之英語學習動機、英語朗讀流暢度及學習滿意度效益。此外，本研究亦探討場地獨立型與場地依賴型不同認知風格學生應用點讀筆進行英語學習，在提升英語學習動機、英語朗讀流暢度上是否具有差異。 本研究以桃園縣某公立國中兩班共62位七年級學生為研究對象，分為實驗組與控制組，實驗組以教師搭配點讀筆進行英語教學，控制組則以教師施予傳統教學方式進行。量化資料分析來自一分鐘口語流暢度之前後測、學習動機與滿意度問卷。所得資料以描述性統計、t考驗、單因子共變數分析與Pearson積差相關進行資料分析與研究結果歸納，質化資料分析包含學生訪談問卷之開放問題與教師教學省思。 本研究之主要發現如下： 1.相較於施予傳統英語教學的控制組，教師應用點讀筆輔助英語教學的實驗組，整體學習動機明顯優於控制組； 2.無論是施予傳統英語教學的控制組或是教師應用點讀筆輔助英語教學的實驗組，兩組的英語朗讀流暢度表現無顯著差異，但在口語朗讀字數進步幅度上實驗組明顯優於控制組；3. 教師應用點讀筆輔助英語教學能顯著提升不同認知風格的學生之英語學習動機； 4.教師應用點讀筆輔助英語教學對不同認知風格的學生英語朗讀流暢度表現無顯著差異，但能顯著提升不同認知風格的學生的口語朗讀字數進步幅度，研究結果顯示實驗組場地獨立與場地依賴學生的英語朗讀字數進步幅度明顯優於控制組； 5.實驗組學生使用點讀筆的次數與口語流暢度具有顯著正相關；6.實驗組學生的學習滿意度顯著優於控制組，實驗組學生自覺應用點讀筆輔以英語教學使他們更勇於開口朗讀英文、會注意發音與語調，對英語學習更有自信、上課更專心，也更積極參與課堂活動。 總結而論，本研究結果顯示教師應用點讀筆輔助英語教學，為一種有助於提升國中學生的英語學習動機、學習滿意度及英語朗讀能力的有效教學模式。國中英語教師可參考此結果，善加運用多元的數位資源融合於英語學習的教學活動之中，以觸發更有效的英語學習效果。最後，根據研究結果，本研究亦提出教師應用點讀筆輔助英語教學在教學、教材設計及教育行政單位配合之建議，希望能作為國中英語教學設計與實務教學上的參考。 / The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the intelligent pen on EFL junior high school students’ oral reading fluency, learning motivation and learning satisfaction. It also attempts to compare the performance among students of different congnitive style on learning motivation and oral reading fluency. The pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design was adopted. The subjects were two groups of the junior high school students, one as the experimental group instructed by the application of intelligent pen and the other, as the control group, instructed by the traditional lecture method. At first, a pretest was conducted to measure the students’ English oral reading fluency and learning motivation. At last, English oral reading fluency, English learning motivation and satisfaction were also measured as parts of posttests. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANCOVA,and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. As for the data collected from the students’ responses to the questionnaires, they are analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The following were the main findings of this study. 1. The experimental group’s posttest learning motivation score was higher than the control group’s. Compared the experimental group’s pretest and posttest learning motivation scores, the posttest levels were significantly higher than the pretest ones. For the control group, there was no significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores. 2. The experimental group’s posttest English oral reading fluency score was not significantly higher than the control group’s. However, the experimental group made progress more significantly than the control group. For the experimental group and the control group, there were significant difference between their own pretest and posttest scores, because the control group was still offered more chances to read English aloud than before. 3.Not only field-independent (FI) students but also field-dependent (FD) ones were superior in the learning motivation. 4.Both the Field-independent (FI) and field-dependent (FD) students of the experimental group made progress in a gain of WCPM more significantly than the control group. 5. A student’s oral reading fluency score was positive correlation with the frequency of using the intelligent pen. 6. The experimental group’s posttest learning satisfaction scores were significantly higher than the control group’s.The findings suggest that the students of the experimental group’s learning satisfaction toward English had improved significantly after the proposed instruction. Most students reported that not only their pronunciation and intonation had become better but also they had become more concentrative in class and more active in participating in the classroom learning owing to the intelligent pen. In conclusion, compared with the traditional lecture method, applying intelligent pen to English teaching had significantly positive effect on promoting junior high school students’ English oral reading proficiency, learning motivation, and learning satisfaction. Furthermore, the students held positive attitudes towards the proposed instruction. Designing teaching curriculum, the English teachers in junior high schools may take the effects and differences into consideration.Meanwhile, the teachers can apply the digital resource in the English teaching activities to achieve more effective learning results. Hence, pedagogical implications and suggestions for future research are provided in the end.

本研究旨在了解職前華語文教師學習外語的歷程、語言學習信念與教學信念，屬質性個案研究。對象為華語文教學研究所四位台籍研究生，聚焦於外語學習歷程、外語學習信念、外語教學信念三大主軸，以深度訪談作為資料收集方法。訪談內容及範圍主要參考了Horwitz（1985）語言學習信念研究的BALLI 模式以及Johnson（1992）與張碧玲（2000）設計的語言教師教學信念問卷。研究發現包括：（一）不同時期的外語學習經歷對個案職前教師的學習及教學信念起了「學徒式的觀察」、信念的轉變及「濾鏡」等作用。（二）透過對個案的學習及教學信念探討，可以看到信念具有多層次的特質。而其中較整體面向的信念與較個別層次的信念，呈現了相互支持、矛盾等關係。（三）教學信念隨著背後所隱藏的動機不同，不能以因果關係作解釋。（四）個案教師基於不同的學習經歷、學習信念及教學信念，在教學上建構了與社會文化情境相關，同時也具有個人意義的教學理論。最後建議華語文師資教育應提供機會讓職前教師了解自我語言學習及教學信念，以及更多教學實務的機會，以讓他們在教學行動中反思，也在反思中進行教學。華語文教師本身亦可以利用自我的外語學習經驗作為反思的工具，時時保持成長的動機與內省的能力。此外，華語文教師也應對教學現場及環境文化等因素有所知覺，這樣才能促進有效的教學。 / This qualitative case study aims to understand the TCSL ( Teaching Chinese as a Second language ) pre-service teachers’ foreign language learning experience, language learning beliefs, and teaching beliefs. The participants are four Taiwanese postgraduate students from the department of TCSL in a university in northern Taiwan. The study focus on three aspects: foreign language learning experience, language learning beliefs, and teaching beliefs. In-depth interviews are conducted as the data collection method, informed by Horwitz’s (1985) BALLI model as well as Johnson (1992) and Zhang (2000). The findings include that (1) the four pre-service TCSL teachers’ foreign language learning experiences, serving as a filter, afford “apprenticeship of observation” which leads to changes in beliefs, and (2)beliefs are multilayered, involving both supportive and contradictory relationships. (3) Teaching beliefs are not necessarily consistent with each other because of different intentions lying behind. It is difficult to regard them as having a simple cause-and-effect relation. (4) Based on different learning experiences, learning and teaching beliefs, the four pre-service teachers construct their own personal theories toward teaching, which are not only socially relevant but also personally meaningful. Finally, the study suggests that language teacher education needs to provide sufficient opportunities for pre-service teachers to understand their own learning and teaching beliefs. It is also necessary to provide opportunities to engage them in authentic teaching contexts so that they could reflect on their teaching beliefs in real-world pratice. TCSL teachers need to be encouraged to use their own learning experiences as a reflective tool to sustain their passions for teaching.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Chinese

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Chinese

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Chinese

No description available.

本論文觀察台灣年輕人說閩南語的國語口音，建立語料庫作為分析基礎，並根據優選理論中的浮動制約模型（Floating Constraint, Reynolds 1994）分析語料。 本文語料主要分為兩大組：A組及B組。除AB兩組均保留雙唇濁塞聲母 /b/之外，A組的國語口音較明顯，亦即軟顎濁塞聲母 /g/ 較常丟失、齒齦清塞音韻尾 /t/ 較常丟失、雙唇及軟顎清塞音韻尾 /p, k/ 常丟失或發為 /t/。B組的國語口音較不明顯，亦即較常保留上述輔音。 本文針對AB兩組的聲母及韻尾語料數據，各提出一組浮動制約。相較於A組，B組在聲母的浮動制約多了一個信實制約MAX-PLACE、在韻尾部分也多了另一個信實制約MAX-CONSONANT(CODA)。因此B組的信實制約有較多機會浮動至高層，也導致較多信實的輸出值。由此可見，兩組差異之關鍵在於浮動而非固定的制約，因此認為浮動制約模型適合用於處理此種語言變異現象。 / This thesis establishes a corpus of Taiwan youngsters’ Mandarin-accented pronunciation of Taiwanese voiced stop onsets /b/ and /g/ and voiceless stop codas /p, t, k/. The Floating Constraint model (Reynolds 1994) within the Optimality Theory framework is adopted to analyze the corpus data. The corpus includes two groups: Group A and Group B. Both groups retain the voiced bilabial stop onset /b/. Group A has higher percentages of omitting /g/ onset and /t/ coda, and codas /p/ and /k/ are often altered to /t/ or omitted. On the other hand, Group B tends to preserve those sounds. For each group, a set of floating constraints is proposed to account for their onset and coda data. The differences between Group A and Group B lie essentially in the number of floating faithfulness constraints. The Group B grammar allows one more floating constraint MAX-PLACE for onsets, and one more floating constraint MAX-CONSONANT(CODA) for codas. I have shown that the Mandarin accent is better accounted for in terms of the “floating” constraints, but not the “fixed” constraints.

No description available.

本研究以本土語言（閩南語）教學，如何在幼兒園推動與實施的歷程探究，探究本土語言（閩南語）在幼兒園實施的困境及問題。研究問題（一）幼兒園推動本土語言（閩南語）教學的實施策略與歷程為何？（二）教師、教保員在實施本土語言（閩南語）教學之策略？（三）所遇困境與因應策略為何？本研究是以質性研究採結構性深度訪談的方式，邀請幼兒園教學現場人員包含：合格老師2位、教保員1位及私立幼兒園園長3位，有具閩南語身分背景及非閩南語身分背景的現場教學人員；藉由不同條件的現場教學人員，探究推動本土語言（閩南語）實施教學困境與歷程。本研究結果如下： 一、本土語言教學推動有助於母語的保存。 二、全語言教學環境有助老師進行閩南語教學。 三、老師對教學策略的運用有助閩南語的推動。 四、母語在家庭與社會的流通性不佳，會造成母語教學推動的困境因素。 研究結果中發現，母語最好的發芽地在家庭，母語要真正永續需要政府政策的支持。最後，根據研究結果提出具體的建議，期望作為推動本土語言教學研究者的參考。 / This study is based on how local language (Taiwanese) teaching is promoted and carried out and discussing the problems and difficulties of its implication in Pershool. Research problems are: (1) What are the strategies and processes of promoting local language (Taiwanese) teaching course in Pershool? (2) What are the strategies of teachers’ teaching on the implication of promoting local language (Taiwanese) courses? (3) What are the difficulties and the strategies of solving them? This study adopts the approach of structural interviews, so we interview two certificated teachers, one child-care worker and three principals who are Taiwanese or non-Taiwanese native speakers in Pershools. By interviewing those teachers in different conditions, we can research the difficulties and processes of promoting local language (Taiwanese) teaching courses. The results of the study are as followings: （1）Promoting native language helps preserve mother tongue language. （2）Whole language teaching and learning environment helps teacher's teaching in Taiwanese. （3）The usuage of teahcer's teaching strategies helps promote Taiwanese. （4）The poor circulation of mother tongue langauage in families and societies cases the predicament of promoting mother tongue language teaching. The result shows that the on-side evaluation program promotes the motivation of learning native language. Mother Language Day is one of the strategies to spur the Pershool on promoting mother tongue language teaching. However, the promotion by the school isn’t enough. The origin of mother tongue language is our home. And the sustainable development of native language requires the support by government. Last, according to the result, we expect that this study can be referenced by the future researchers and Pershools to promote local language teaching. / 謝 誌 I 中文摘要 II Abstract III 目 次 IV 表 次 VI 圖 次 VII 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機 1 第二節 研究目的與問題 3 第三節 名詞釋義 5 第二章 文獻探討 6 第一節 本土語言的教學現況 7 第二節 本土語言的教學策略 12 第三節 本土語言教學困境與解決方法 17 第三章 研究方法 23 第一節 質性研究與研究流程 23 第二節 研究場域與研究對象 27 第三節 資料收集 32 第四節 資料整理與分析 34 第五節 研究信效度與研究倫理 36 第四章 研究發現與討論 38 第一節 閩南語教學歷程 38 第二節 實施之困境與因應策略 52 第五章 研究結論與建議 56 第一節 結論 56 第二節 建議 58 第三節 省思 60 參考文獻 62 一、中文部分分 62 二、英文部分 66 附錄 67 訪談大綱 67 訪談同意書 68 訪談逐字稿範例 69 台灣母語日實施企劃範例 76 表 次 26 表3-1研究流程 26 表3-2受訪者教學背景 29 表3-3訪談對象、日期、地點一覽表 34 圖 次 41 圖1兒歌唸唱教學 41 圖2中秋節戲劇表演 42 圖3節慶活動包春捲 42 圖4古早味做菜燕 42 圖5古早味麥芽餅製作 42 圖6童玩製作做風吹 43 圖7風的主題活動—風吹被風吹 43 圖8全語言情境—兒歌區 44 圖9全語言情境—圖卡區單字篇 44 圖10全語言情境—圖卡區水果篇 45 圖11全語言情境—教室裡的學習區 45 圖12全語言情境—童玩遊戲區丟沙包 45 圖13 全語言情境—童玩遊戲區跳格子 46 圖14全語言情境—古早文物區 46 圖15全語言情境—洗手區 46 圖16全語言情境—融入主題教學 47 圖17母語日早會篇—互動式 48 圖18母語日早會篇—認識自己的五官 48 圖19母語日早會篇—認識生活物件 48 圖20母語日早會篇—融入主題 48 圖21廣播電台時間 49 圖22童玩遊戲—踢罐子 50 圖23童玩遊戲—打陀螺 50 圖24童玩遊戲—丟沙包 50 圖25童玩遊戲—挑橡皮筋 50 圖26全語言情境—操作區 54 圖27全語言情境—教室裡的教學互動 54 圖28雙語教學策略—我說你來找 55 圖29雙語教學策略—介紹物件的名稱 55