本研究主要目的在瞭解台北縣民力參與警察業務的現況，從警察機關與民力組織兩方面進行，探討應如何整合各類民力參與警察業務？實務上有哪些警察業務適合由民力參與，以及如何提升民力參與意願等問題，期能整合民力資源，作最有效運用，提供警察機關運用民力之參考。本研究主要以台北縣民力參與警察業務為研究範圍，首先以文獻探討研究台北縣民力參與警察業務的現況，再進一步針對台北縣新店警察分局運用民力參與警察業務做個案觀察研究，目的是在瞭解目前新店警察分局成立「全民治安諮詢委員會」運用民力參與警察業務的現況，試圖尋找出一套警察機關策略整合民力運用的機制，以供各警察機關民力運用時之參考。經由實地參與觀察，蒐集相關資料後，再根據深度訪談的分析結果，整理研究發現並提供相關建議。 本研究發現，民力運用制度於日據時代是身分、地位及榮譽的象徵，人民參加的意願相當高，運用民力參與警察業務的內容，亦隨著環境的需求而改變，以前是單純的協助治安維持，後來增加秩序維護，近年來為民服務是相當受重視的工作，而且民力參與警察業務一直受到政治力量的影響，只是程度不同而已。其次，就警察機關依法編組的民力而言，要整合編組成一種民力組織是有困難的，但是義警、民防、社區巡守隊業務功能相近，其業務是可以合併由一個單位辦理，惟民力運用應整體整合運用且整合對象要多元差異，因其特性運用，不只限於依法編組運用的民力，而民力整合的重點在於主管是否用心？是否具有整合的能力？目前運用民參與警察業務注重功能導向，欠缺策略性整合運用機制，而且要整合吸納民意代表參與，避免民力成為政治工具。另外，實務上民力參與警察業務的內容有情資提供、協助勤務執行、預防犯罪宣導、協助學童上下課安全以及協助分駐派出所為民服務工作。最後研究發現民力單位（人員）受到尊重、所提出的問題能獲得解決，是提升他們參與意願的重要因素，而福利制度的好壞，並非提升參與意願的重要因素。 / The purpose of this research was to understand the present situation of civil force participation in police affairs in Taipei County. This research on the integration of all kinds of civil forces assisting police affairs covered two areas: police administrations and civil organizations. We were interested in finding out what kind of police work is suitable for civil forces and how to encourage citizen participation in these programs. By doing so, we would like to provide suggestions to police institutions when organizing civil forces so that they may be integrated more effectively, thereby enhancing their continued participation. In this research document analysis was first completed, and then a case study of the Shin-Dian Police Precinct’s “Public Security Consulting Commission” was carried out. Through actual participation and observation, we gathered the data used in this research. Through data analysis of our findings and in-depth interviews, we have provided relevant suggestions for police administrators in this paper. This research reveals that during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan the civil force system was a symbol of identity, status, and honor, and therefore the willingness among the population to participate was quite high. The purpose of the organization also adapted to Taiwan’s changing society. Initially, the force simply maintained public security, but later it took on the work of keeping order. In recent years, the civilian services have been highly valued, but there are problematic aspects. For example, civil forces’ participation in police affairs has always been somewhat connected to influence peddling. In addition, it is difficult to integrate and organize a civil organization as broad as the civil force that is officially managed by the police administrations in Taiwan. However, because vigilantes, civil defenders, and community patrolling squads have similar functions, they can be merged and managed as a single unit. And the subjects integrated should be diverse on certain targets. Because of its utilization characteristics, it is not only confined to the officially arranged civil forces. It was found that the success of civil force integration depends on the expectation of the commander’s involvement with the group and how capable he or she is at organizing the volunteers. Utilizing civil forces to participate in police affairs is a highly functionally oriented undertaking. However, it was found in this study that it lacks strategic integration and utilization. Therefore, the participation of the representatives must be integrated and absorbed in order to prevent the civil forces from becoming political tools. These civil forces are valuable resources providing general intelligence to police, police duty assistance, crime prevention propaganda distribution, security for schoolchildren, and civilian services assistance. Finally, we found that it is not the compensation they receive that inspires the citizens to participate in such civil forces, but rather whether they feel highly valued and if their problems are solved that keeps them in the program.

在日本的殖民統治下，殖民地台灣是如何認識朝鮮？無法直接交流的台灣與朝鮮，兩地的互動必須透過日本帝國，迂迴地被納入殖民母國的一部份。透過傳播媒體，片段、拼圖式的朝鮮消息，讓台灣讀者可以試圖拼湊他們的朝鮮認識，進而想像朝鮮。以日治時期殖民地台灣的代表媒體《臺灣日日新報》、《臺灣民報》系列、《臺灣出版警察報》作為檢索對象，對台灣媒體上的朝鮮報導進行統計與分析。透過當時的新聞，呈現殖民地台灣人可以接觸與不能接觸的朝鮮消息，進而討論他們對另外一方的好奇與關心，最後整理朝鮮認識是如何形成，以及其後生成怎樣的想像。 本論文從殖民地台灣的媒體出發，還原日治時期在殖民地台灣閱讀的朝鮮消息，了解當時讀者大眾如何透過新聞媒體認識另一殖民地朝鮮。當時發行量最大的《臺灣日日新報》與為台灣人發聲的《臺灣民報》系列基於各自的立場選取想要報導的「朝鮮」，讀者從中建構朝鮮認識與朝鮮想像，並經由官方文書《臺灣出版警察報》呈現新聞傳播過程中，台灣總督府/日本帝國對敏感消息的處理，盡可能防止敏感危險的朝鮮消息進入殖民地台灣。即便統治者介入，媒體透過編碼加密的報導方式，「朝鮮」仍可以曲折地登上報紙版面。在媒體與官方，可見與不可見的朝鮮消息之間，朝鮮表象於焉生成。 / How did Taiwan come to understand Korea under Japanese rule? Under the colonial system, Taiwan and Korea could not interact with each other directly, they had to interact through the Empire of Japan. Taiwanese readers constructed their understanding of Korea through fragmental and trivial news from the media. The essay used the representative media in Taiwan under Japanese rule – Taiwan Daily News, the series of The Taiwan Minpao and Taiwan Publishing Police News—as the main source to gather statistics on and to analyze Korean news. It displays the process through which a concerned and curious Taiwan drew its own image of Korea by what they could and could not read. From Taiwan’s media, this essay is about the distribution of Korean news under Japanese rule, portraying how the readers came to understand Korea. Taiwan Daily News – the most massive circulation newspaper in Taiwan—and the series of The Taiwan Minpao— stood for the people of Taiwan —from different perspectives by choosing the proper “Korea” pieces that they wanted to report, and through the official document Taiwan Publishing Police News presented how the government/the Empire prevented the dangerous news from spreading. Although the colonial government strictly censored the publications, the media encoded the news, so that “Korea” could be reported in discreet ways. The representations of Korea then emerged between the media and the government in visible and invisible Korea news.

自針對心理壓力的研究盛行以來，心理壓力和工作績效的關係得到了學界諸多領域的關注。警察是高壓群體，在量化和質化研究的雙重驗證下，得到了學界一致性的認同。而警察的壓力所影響的並不僅只是其個人工作績效，更關乎整個社會的治安狀況。此外，對於壓力而言，局限於測量警察族群的壓力，對於解決問題本身沒有根本性作用。基於以上原因，本研究專注於警察高壓的原因及形成機制。根據非正式預訪談得知所長是警察生涯中壓力最為突出的一個階段，故本研究將目標鎖定在警察階段的所長族群。為了挖掘所長高壓原因及其形成機制，本研究透過質化深入訪談的研究方法，深入訪談了大臺北地區7位男性派出所所長和3位女性所長。經過紮根理論的研究流程和資料分析法，結果發現所長階段的壓力較為嚴重的原因主要在於其特殊的工作特點，以及家庭和工作的難以平衡；就其工作特點而言，包括：壓力多元化、工作時間過長、體力硬線要求高、休假異常、績效結構欠佳、公務冗雜和媒體壓迫。也正是因為工作特點而使得其較難在工作與家庭之間取得平衡。對於女性而言，刻板印象和社會期待均使其在警察工作中處於劣勢，但優秀的表現也會獲得更多的讚賞，與期望破壞理論（Expectancy Violation Theory）一致；而男性也恰正是因為刻板要求和社會期待使得其肩負著和女性警察機制不同但是程度相當的心理壓力。總體而言，警察體制內受到詬病的是績效考核方式，績效結構不合理並且指標沒有上限，專案頻繁，儘管不同來源的所長最終都將自我調整心態到了無可奈何的接受狀態。也正是這一結果，證明目前警察體系內協助警察舒緩壓力的管道較為匱乏，亟需改善和解決。 / The influence by stress on performance is one of the popular research issues. Former qualitative and quantitative researches proved that policeman is one of jobs with high working stress. Stress on policeman not only affect their own working performance but also societal safety. Only measurement of stress cannot make policeman perform better. Thus, this study focuses on causes and mechanism of policeman’s stress. Police inspectors in local police stations are with extremely high working stress according to informal interviews. This study interviewed three female and seven male police inspectors from Taipei City, New Taipei City and Keelung in Taiwan. After data analysis with Grounded Theory, this study concludes that special working conditions and unbalance between family and work are the main sources of stress on policemen. This job is stressful with several traits including multi-faced stress, overtime work schedule, exhausting physical energy, irregular days-off, unreasonable performance evaluation structure, complicated working issues and bothering media. It is these working conditions that make policemen stressful and difficult to make balance between work and family. Furthermore, stereotypes and social desirability burden female policemen. However, consistent with Expectancy Violation Theory, female policemen would also gain more recognition and compliment when they perform positively; Male policemen are required to take over more work for female policemen because of social desirability. In general, the biggest source of stress for policemen in Taiwan is the unreasonable performance evaluation system. It comes out as taking it without other alternatives for most policemen no matter where they were trained before. There has not been effective assistance for policemen within police system in Taiwan.

本研究以警察廣播電臺台北臺為例，探討身為交通專業電台的警察廣播電台，在面對電視與其他廣播媒體，紛紛加入路況資訊提供的競爭下，是否仍具有其優勢？以因工作需要而必需長時間使用道路的計程車駕駛人為研究對象，探討大台北地區計程車駕駛人收聽警廣節目的主要目的為何？在什麼情況下容易轉台？節目內容與傳播設備等因素，是否也會影響計程車駕駛人的轉台意願？ 研究發現，收聽警廣台北臺節目的計程車駕駛人，只有兩種類型，一種為「計劃型」收聽，另一種則採取「再評估模式」。計程車駕駛人因警廣路況報導正確而收聽，但卻也會因為資訊不夠即時而轉台；收聽時間大多集中在上、下班的尖峰時間。最欣賞的節目主持人，則以「路況報得好、報得專業」最獲青睞，甚至有六成以上的計程車駕駛人會因為喜歡某個節目主持人，而固定收聽其節目；另外，聲音悅耳、節目多元豐富與音樂好聽與否，也是吸引計程車駕駛人是否繼續收聽的重要因素。除了路況資訊的獲得外，計程車駕駛人對於生活資訊的需求，遠高於新聞氣象、綜藝音樂及公共事務。至於車上有無其他音響設備，亦將影響計程車駕駛人的轉台行為。 / The purpose of this study is to determine whether the Police Radio Station (PRS), specifically the one in Taipei, is still necessary since television and many other forms of media provide the same service of traffic broadcasting. The research subjects for this study are Taipei taxi drivers who spend long hours on the road each day. Four questions form the basis of this study: 1. What is the main reason that taxi drivers listen to PRS? 2. Under what circumstances do they switch channels? 3. Does the content of the program affect their listening choices? 4. Does the type of broadcasting equipment affect their listening choices? The results indicate that there are two kinds of taxi drivers who listen to the programs of the PRS in Taipei. The first kind follows the "planning strategy" and the other kind follows the "re-evaluation strategy." Drivers listen to the PRS for its accuracy of traffic information; however, they will switch to another channel when there is a lack of substantial information being broadcast. Their listening time usually occurs during the rush hours, when they are getting on or getting off work. Drivers primarily prefer anchors whose information is "not only great but also professional." More than 60 percent of the drivers in this study report that they will continuously listen to one program if it is hosted by the anchor whom they favor. In addition, three other factors affect the drivers' listening habits: (1) the voice of the anchor, (2) the richness of the program content, and (3) the quality of the music being played. Besides traffic information, taxi drivers also need or desire to listen to information about other aspects of daily life, than (1) news and weather, (2) entertainment, and (3) public affairs. Finally, one other factor affects the listening behavior of taxi drivers: whether or not there is more than one form of listening device inside the car.

我政府為因應世界貿易之趨勢，在1999年5月27日正式施行政府採購法，為健全我國政府採購制度，建立新的里程碑。 警察本身是執法人員，代表國家執行公權力，原本採購人員不僅在個人品操上，就要有高於法律標準的品格與道德訴求，也要對採購工作有熱誠，方足以勝任及實現採購制度變革之目標，但如長期處於高工作壓力，將可能形成有經驗的採購人員不願意久任，或單位出缺不容易徵才的窘境，因此，因應此種新情勢的變革，對於警察機關辦理採購人員在心理壓力、工作滿足及工作投入等將會產生何種衝擊，自是一項值得重視的課題。 本研究由相關文獻回顧著手，再用問卷設計及訪談法加以研究。首先以問卷調查方式，對警察機關承辦採購金額超過新台幣10萬元以上，需辦理公開招標業務者進行普測，計發出問卷264份，回收254份，有效回收率為96%。問卷內容旨在探討政府採購法立法之後，對警察機關採購人員工作壓力、工作投入、工作滿足、工作倫理及休閒之影響，並針對影響採購人員工作滿足及個人對此問題重視程度，對於研究結果採取「理想型」之建構模式，計分為3種類型。 一、第Ⅰ類型：重視且滿足，有12題。 即1.我對於同仁間能相互協助支援、2.我對於工作能獲得上司的支持、3.我對於能從工作中得到成就感、4.下班後我有時間安排休閒生活、5.下班後我有良好的家庭生活、6.自己能成為單位重要的一員、7.我能達成機關的採購任務、8.採購工作經驗能提升我的工作能力、9.採購法實施後採購作業環境獲得改善、10.採購工作使我有個人成長及進步的機會、11.我對採購法律的認知，足以處理現在的工作、12.我對於需求單位所提規格不週延，導致履約爭議感到困擾。 二、第Ⅱ類型：重視但不滿足，有10題。 即1.對於工作忙碌程度、2.對於工作責任負擔、3.對於職務的晉升機會、4.對於工作獎勵和他單位相較的合理性、5.對於工作分擔範圍的合理性、6.採購工作讓我感到樂在其中、7.採購工作提供自我表現的機會、8.工作能實現我的理想、9.工作能合乎家人的期望、10.覺得與外勤工作「績效」壓力相較，採購業務不像外勤工作有「績效」壓力。 三、第Ⅲ類型：不重視也不滿足，有1題，即辦理採購工作使我能受到他人肯定。 而第Ⅰ及第Ⅲ種類型的項目，對採購人員而言，其意涵容易理解，故本研究僅針對第Ⅱ類型（重視但不滿足）的項目，進一步透過深入訪談加以深究。 根據研究結果，提出以下建議： 一、對立法者及主管機關的建議：由國家考試舉才，專才專用；檢討法令、提高公告門檻；設立專業加給之獎勵制度。 二、對警察教育單位的建議：在警察大學及警察專科學校開設採購法相關課程供同學選修，俾能在離校後銜接實務工作，也希望能在學校開設講習課程提供現職同仁在職進修，以利採購人員對採購法的認知與熟悉。 三、對警察機關的建議：多給激勵，舒解壓力；將採購法令，排入常訓；加強宣導，以正視聽；公開表揚、提昇士氣。 四、對警察機關採購人員的建議：學習心理調適；增進專業技能，不斷吸收新知；加強服務利他觀念；採購人員倫理準則，務必遵守。 關鍵字：警察機關、採購人員、工作壓力、工作投入、工作滿足、工作倫理、工作與休閒