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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

企業生命週期與股價關聯性之研究 / The Association Between Earnings and Stock Prices--A Test of The Business Life Cycle Hypothesis

侯運神, Hou, Yun Shen Unknown Date (has links)
會計的主要目的在提供有用的資訊,以幫助使用者制定相關決策。由於一般公認會計原則採用應計基礎,重視收益實現原則及配合原則,因此盈餘資訊一直相當受到重視。自Ball & Brown及Beaver從事有關盈餘與股票報酬的研究開始,許多實證研究的結果均支持盈餘具有資訊內涵。國內有關這方面的研究亦不在少數,但所得的結論並不一致,有些支持盈餘有用,有些則否。基於這個原因,本研究乃由企業生命週期的觀點來探討盈餘與股價的關聯性,以了解盈餘對股票報酬是否具有解釋能力。   本研究所欲檢定的假說如下:   一、假說一:相同的盈餘,在成長期股價的反應大於成熟期   二、假說二:相同的盈餘,在成熟期股價的反應大於衰退期   三、假說三:相同的盈餘,在成長期股價的反應大於衰退期   四、假說四:假說一至假說三中之三種盈餘與股價的關係,不因公司規模的大小而有差異   五、假說五:假說一至假說三中之三種盈餘與股價的關係,不因行業的不同而有差異   根據實證的結果,本研究達成下列結論:   一、本研究所使用的四個企業生命週期指標變數--營收成長率、營業利益率、股利支付率及企業年齡,除了股利支付率外,其餘三者之變動與預期相符,應為適當之分類指標。   二、對於相同的盈餘,在不同的企業生命週期階段中,股價的反應趨勢雖支持研究假說,但因各階段的係數間並未有顯著的差異,因此假說一、假說二及假說三無法獲得證實。   三、以不同期間進行分析時,所獲結果並無重大改善,因此仍無法證實上述三個假說的真實性。   四、在規模別的分析中,小公司之分析結果與正常時期之分析結果大致相同,但大公司在營收成長率、營業利益率及股利支付率三種指標中其成長期股價的反應顯著大於成熟期,此時假說一獲得證實。因小公司與大公司在各階段股價的反應並不相同,因此假說四無法獲得證實。   五、在行業別的分析中,只有塑膠業較符合本研究的預期,其他行業則否,因此假說五亦無法獲得證實。   六、造成上述結果的可能原因有三:    (一)台灣股市規模尚小,且機構投資者在市場交易所占比例不高,加上證券法規未徹底執行、投資人較不重視基本分析,造成股市投機性高,因此盈餘資訊與股價間的關係不易偵測。    (二)台灣上市公司大多擁有許多關係企業,或為關係企業之成員,受關係企業之影響頗深,在股價的反應上自不單純以個別公司情況作考量,因此應考慮整個企業集團的情況。    (三)企業在衰退後可能因策略上的改變,如多角化經營,而進入另一個生命週期,再次成長。依本研究的理論模型,此時股價會對此有所反應,因而導致成熟期與衰退期股價對盈餘的反應與成長期無蘋著的差異。
32

母子公司交叉持股之資訊內涵與經濟誘因之實證研究 / An Empirical Study on the Information Content and Economic Incentive of Parent-Subsidiary Cross Holdings

蔡柳卿, Tsai, Liu Ching Unknown Date (has links)
我國法令原則上禁止庫藏股的交易,但實務上相當盛行母公司透過本身可完全控制的子公司來買回母公司股票,從經濟實質的觀點來看,此一交易屬於實質的庫藏股交易。本論文之目的在探討我國「子公司買回母公司股票」之實質庫藏股交易的資訊內涵,是否和資訊假說的含意相符;其次驗證對於發生諸如借殼上市之經營權移轉情形的公司而言,「子公司買回母公司股票」交易和公司大股東出脫持股俾追求自利的經濟誘因是否有關。研究主題一共發展3個研究假說,主要擬瞭解我國子公司買進母公司股票之交易行為的資訊內涵,俾了解此交易傳遞之資訊本質,並評估市場反應是否和此資訊有關。第二個研究主題共發展4個假說,係探討借殼上市公司內部人在借殼成功後,是否會利用子公司買進其借殼時增加的持股或融資交易的股票,俾舒解資金壓力。此外,亦驗證交易過程中的股價行為,是否和內部人為極大其獲利水準而可能進行股價操縱的股價行為相同。   本論文是以84年至87年為研究期間,兩個主題的樣本係相互獨立。實證結果顯示:關於主題一-子公司買進母公司股票傳遞之資訊本質,本研究發現,平均而言,以子公司買進母公司股票當季與後續四季為基準,母公司在此交易的後續期間並無表現出優於預期的盈餘績效(相對於配對公司),而且在交易後亦無法觀察到分析師對母公司盈餘預測有顯著的正向修正(相對於配對公司)。另外,在控制內部人淨買入、公司規模、子公司購買股數、資金需求與產業趨勢等變數後,本研究並未發現子公司買進母公司股票時的股價反應,和母公司當季與下一季的異常正向盈餘績效有顯著的正向關係。總而言之,國內實務界雖然宣稱子公司買進母公司股票係傳遞看好母公司未來前景的訊息,但本研究的證據顯示,這項交易並非傳遞母公司未來盈餘變動的資訊,同時,此交易引發的正向市場反應,似乎並非來自投資人對母公司未來績效的預期,故從股價操縱的角度來看,此一股價效應可能來自於母公司刻意創造,但其實與母公司經濟實質無關的泡沫股價。   關於主題二-借殼上市公司透過子公司買進母公司股票之經濟誘因-的實證結果顯示:在控制其他因素後,借殼上市公司在借殼成功的後續期間,子公司買回母公司股票之交易發生後,相較於無此交易的配對公司而言,其內部人持股比例和融資餘額有顯著降低的情形。基於這類公司大股東有套現的特殊動機,故可合理懷疑,這項證據和內部人籍子公司買進母公司股票來出脫持股俾套現獲利有關。此外,分析結果發現:子公司買回母公司股票交易前有正向的股價效應,此一股價行為和內部人操縱下的股價型態相符,但交易後的股價水準則並未顯著低於交易前的股價。吾人推測此一結果,可能肇因於投資人受到誤導,以致本研究未能觀察到後續反轉下跌的股價行為。   整體來看,子公司買進母公司股票之交易並非如實務界所宣稱,係傳遞公司未來前景較佳之資訊,反而可能和內線交易與股價操縱有關。因此,本研究支持目前財政部擬議中嚴格禁止或限制母子公司交叉持股的方案,此外,本研究應有助於投資人做投資決策時,對於母子公司交叉持股的本質有所了解。 / Companies are not allowed to buy back any of its own shares except in some special cases according to the Company Laws in Taiwan, but the practice that parent companies repurchase their own stocks through subsidiary companies (which is so called parent-subsidiary cross-holding transactions) is popular currently. From the economic substance view, the parent and subsidiary companies are treated as a single economic entity, and the parents' stocks held by their subsidiaries are treasury stocks in substance. Since the authorities and investors are all concerned with this issue, and previous work in this area is limited, this thesis investigates the information content and economic incentives of these transactions. Specifically, there are two research questions in this dissertation. The first is whether the transactions that subsidiary companies purchase parents' stocks convey any information about parents' future prospects? And whether the stock price reactions around announcement dates are positively related to parents' subsequent earnings changes. The next question is whether these transactions are motivated by insiders' intent to sell their own shares for self-interest? And is the stock price behavior around announcement dates consistent with the explanation that stock price is manipulated?   The findings of the first research question are as follows. First, I find no evidence that there are positive aggregate unexpected quarterly earnings relative to a size and industry-matched control sample over the announcement quarter and subsequent four ones. Second, the significant evidence that there are positive revisions of earnings forecasts by analysts around announcement dates also cannot be found. Finally, a regression analysis shows that there is no significant positive relation between positive abnormal stock returns at announcement and positive quarterly earnings changes over quarter 0 and quarter I. In summary, the results are not consistent with the implication of the information hypothesis. I find no systematic support for the firms' claims that the meanings behind parent-subsidiary cross holding transactions are to convey managements' private information about parents' favorable prospects.   With regard to the second research question, I focus primarily on those listed companies whose controls are obtained by unlisted companies through purchasing outstanding shares in the open market, these companies are not included in the sample of the first question. As predicted, I find systematic support for the hypotheses that shares owned by insiders and companies' margins decrease relative to control groups immediately following parent-subsidiary cross holding transactions announcements and that abnormal stock returns before and at announcements are positive. However, I show that the abnormal stock returns after the announcements do not fall bellow those before announcement dates significantly. In summary, the findings indicate that these transactions maybe a means for informed insiders to sell their own shares at manipulated high prices in order to alleviate the huge capital pressure by self-interest.   Overall, the transactions that subsidiary companies purchase parents' stocks are more likely to have relation to insider transactions and stock price manipulation, rather than convey favorable information about parents' prospects as what firms claim. Therefore, this thesis supports an act of prohibiting or limiting parent-subsidiary cross holdings proposed by the Ministry of Finance strictly. Besides, the results in this thesis may be helpful for investors to understand the nature of parent-subsidiary cross holdings when they make investment decisions.
33

IPO競價拍賣制度下投資人標單資訊內涵對於股票上市後報酬率及價格變動率之影響 / IPO Auction: The Effects of Investor Information Content to Aftermarket Return and Variability

吳文傑 Unknown Date (has links)
台灣資本市場目前已實行競價拍賣制度有十餘年之久,相關研究資料累積已具相當之規模,因此許多學者進行競價拍賣制度對於承銷制度改變影響之研究,已具相當之成果,大多針對競價拍賣制度實施後是否可以對於改善上市掛牌後股票折價幅度過大以及蜜月期過長等不效率現象進行相關探討及研究。 因此,本研究針對投資人標單資訊內涵進行對報酬率及價格變動率影響之研究,於建立兩大模型研究結果分析後,我們可以清楚了解台灣競價拍賣市場中,個人投資者標單資訊內涵可以提供蜜月期報酬率及變動率的正向解釋能力與預測效果,也因此證明台灣股票市場報酬率及價格波動程度容易受一般散戶投資人情緒所影響;而法人投資者標單資訊內涵則可能由於與美國市場具有結構性差異,使得台灣市場的法人投資者標單資訊內涵無法提供模型的顯著解釋能力,肇因於台灣市場主要參與者為散戶投資人。另外一原因可能是台灣市場中的法人投資者標單資訊內涵已反映在IPO股票價格之中,因此無法對蜜月期及上市後報酬率和價格變動率有所影響。加入峰態係數進行研究後發現,投資者標單需求曲線型態對於報酬率以及價格變動率皆沒有顯著影響,顯示投資人出價集中的高狹峰型態不能解釋蜜月期及上市後的報酬率和價格變動率,可能是由於資訊早已暴露在市場中,價格也早已反映此項資訊,因此無法解釋之後的報酬率以及價格變動率型態。
34

會計師查核意見與債權投資人決策之關聯

吳玉珍, Wu, Yu Jen Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以公司當年度新增借款觀察會計師查核報告對債權投資人在決定貸款條件之影響。結果發現修正式無保留意見與借款利率具顯著正向關聯,與借款金額具顯著負向關聯,代表債權投資人視修正式無保留意見為一種負面資訊之傳遞。本研究進一步將修正式無保留意見分成重大不確定性、繼續經營假設有疑慮、重編及會計原則變動類型,發現不同的修正式無保留意見類型亦與借款條件有所關聯,其中以繼續經營假設有疑慮意見影響最大。本研究的結論為會計師查核報告對債權投資人於決定貸款合約時有所影響,債權人會依據會計師查核意見及查核報告內容決定其貸款決策。
35

預測S&P500指數實現波動度與VIX- 探討VIX、VIX選擇權與VVIX之資訊內涵 / The S&P 500 Index Realized Volatility and VIX Forecasting - The Information Content of VIX, VIX Options and VVIX

黃之澔 Unknown Date (has links)
波動度對於金融市場影響甚多,同時為金融資產定價的重要參數以及市場穩 定度的衡量指標,尤其在金融危機發生時,波動度指數的驟升反映資產價格震盪。 本篇論文嘗試捕捉S&P500 指數實現波動度與VIX變動率未來之動態,並將VIX、 VIX 選擇權與VVIX 納入預測模型中,探討其資訊內涵。透過研究S&P500 指數 實現波動度,能夠預測S&P500 指數未來之波動度與報酬,除了能夠觀察市場變 動,亦能使未來選擇權定價更為準確;而藉由模型預測VIX,能夠藉由VIX 選 擇權或VIX 期貨,提供避險或投資之依據。文章採用2006 年至2011 年之S&P500 指數、VIX、VIX 選擇權與VVIX 資料。 在 S&P500 指數之實現波動度預測當中,本篇論文的模型改良自先前文獻, 結合實現波動度、隱含波動度與S&P500 指數選擇權之風險中立偏態,所構成之 異質自我回歸模型(HAR-RV-IV-SK model)。論文額外加入VIX 變動率以及VIX指數選擇權之風險中立偏態作為模型因子,預測未來S&P500 指數實現波動度。 研究結果表示,加入VIX 變動率作為S&P500 指數實現波動度預測模型變數後, 可增加S&P500 指數實現波動度預測模型之準確性。 在 VIX 變動率預測模型之中,論文採用動態轉換模型,作為高低波動度之 下,區分預測模型的方法。以VIX 過去的變動率、VIX 選擇權之風險中立動差 以及VIX 之波動度指數(VVIX)作為變數,預測未來VIX 變動率。結果顯示動態 轉換模型能夠提升VIX 預測模型的解釋能力,並且在動態轉換模型下,VVIX 與 VIX 選擇權之風險中立動差,對於VIX 預測具有相當之資訊隱涵於其中。 / This paper tries to capture the future dynamic of S&P 500 index realized volatility and VIX. We add the VIX change rate and the risk neutral skewness of VIX options into the Heterogeneous Autoregressive model of Realized Volatility, Implied Volatility and Skewness (HAR-RV-IV-SK) model to forecast the S&P 500 realized volatility. Also, this paper uses the regime switching model and joins the VIX, risk neutral moments of VIX options and VVIX variables to raise the explanatory ability in the VIX forecasting. The result shows that the VIX change rate has additional information on the S&P 500 realized volatility. By using the regime switching model, the VVIX and the risk neutral moments of VIX options variables have information contents in VIX forecasting. These models can be used for hedging or investment purposes.
36

文字背後的意含-資訊的量化測量公司基本面與股價(以中鋼為例) / Behind the words - quantifying information to measure firms' fundamentals and stock return (taking the China steel corporation as example)

傅奇珅, Fu, Chi Shen Unknown Date (has links)
本研究蒐集經濟日報、聯合報、與聯合晚報的新聞文章,以中研院的中文斷詞性統進 行結構性的處理,參考並延伸Tetlock、Saar-Tsechansky和Macskassy(2008)的研究方法,檢驗 使用一個簡單的語言量化方式是否能夠用來解釋與預測個別公司的會計營收與股票報酬。有 以下發現: 1. 正面詞彙(褒義詞)在新聞報導中的比例能夠預測高的公司營收。 2. 公司的股價對負面詞彙(貶義詞)有過度反應的現象,對正面詞彙(褒義詞)則有效率地充分 反應。 綜合以上發現,本論文得到,新聞媒體的文字內容能夠捕捉到一些關於公司基本面難 以量化的部份,而投資者迅速地將這些資訊併入股價。 / This research collects all of the news stories about China Steel Corporation from Economic Daily News, United Daily News, and United Evening News. These articles I collect are segmented by a Chinese Word Segmentation System of Academia Sinica and used by the methodology of Tetlock, Saar-Tsechansky, and Macskassy(2008). I examine whether a simple quantitative measure fo language can be used to predict individual firms’ accounting sales and stock returns. My two main findings are: 1. the fraction of positive words (commendatory term) in firm-specific news stories forecasts high firm sales; 2. firm’s stock prices briefly overreaction to the information embedded in negative words (Derogatory term); on the other hand, firm’s stock prices efficiently incorporate the information embedded in positive words (commendatory term). All of the above, we conclude this linguistic media content captures otherwise hard-toquantify aspects of firms’ fundamentals, which investors quickly incorporate into stock prices.
37

資訊與金融市場論文兩篇 / Two essays on information and financial markets

劉文謙, Liu, Wen Chien Unknown Date (has links)
【第一篇論文中文摘要】 本文檢測公司負債合約中的利差是否可被最終的違約後償還率所解釋。透過1962年至2007年間在美國金融市場上發行但最後卻違約的負債合約資料來進行實證,發現違約後償還率的確有反映在發行時的利差上,且此關聯性會隨著美國開放商業銀行進行證券承銷業務後隨之更加顯著。我們並且進一步發現此償還率的資訊能更加有效反映原因與發行公司的資訊不對稱程度降低有關。此外,我們同時又發現此負債合約中的利差與違約後償還率的關聯性對於公司治理較差、以及非投資等級的發行公司會更為顯著。最後,我們的實證結果在考量內生問題、潛在可能遺漏解釋變數、以及其他模型設定後,仍同樣具有堅實性。 【第二篇論文中文摘要】 本文使用臺指選擇權的日內資料來探討選擇權提前交易期間是否具有資訊內涵與價格發現的功能。就作者所知,我們是第一篇透過選擇權資料探討提前交易期間資訊內涵的研究。首先,我們分別透過價、量、與高階動差三類資訊變數指標來衡量提前交易期間的資訊內涵。實證結果顯示:選擇權提前交易期間不只能有效反映隔夜資訊 (公開資訊),且具有預測當日現貨指數開盤後5分鐘內股價指數移動的能力 (反應私有資訊),說明提前交易期間的確具有資訊內涵與價格發現的功能。此外,我們進一步發現價平選擇權包含最強的資訊內涵,此應與投資人尋求交易流動性最高的價平選擇權來迅速實現其利潤以反映其資訊有關。最後,本研究亦發現前一日海外市場 (美國) 投資人情緒傳染效果的強度會影響提前交易期間選擇權的資訊內涵,而前一日是否交易 (週末效果與假日效果)則不會影響此資訊內涵。 / 【第一篇論文英文摘要】 We investigate whether the spread of corporate debt contacts can be explained by their ultimate recovery rates. Using the actual realized recovery rates of defaulted debt instruments issued in the U.S. from 1962 to 2007, we find that recovery rate is reflected in the spread at issuance, and that this relationship has become more significant since commercial banks were allowed to underwrite corporate securities. Our further investigation indicates that the enhanced informativeness of recovery rate can be attributed to the lowering of information asymmetry of individual firms. Besides, the relation between the spread at issuance and the recovery rate is stronger for weak corporate governance and non-investment grade issuers. Our conclusions are found to be robust to endogeneity issues, potentially omitted variables and alternative model specifications. 【第二篇論文英文摘要】 This study uses tick-by-tick data to examine the information content and price discovery of TAIEX option trading during the pre-opening period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that focuses on the options market. We construct three groups of information variables to measure the information content of the pre-opening period, including the price, volume, and high moment information variables. We find that option trading during the pre-opening period not only can reflect the overnight information (public information) but also predict the 5-minute intraday returns after the opening of spot market (private information), showing the information content and price discovery of option trading during the pre-opening period. We also find that at-the-money options contain the strongest richness of information content, which may result from its highest liquidity. Finally, we also find that the empirical results would be stronger depending on the intensity of investor sentiment from overseas (U.S. market) of last day but not the length of hours without trading (weekend and holiday effect).

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