本文書寫的七位都市阿美族營造業板模師傅的勞動生命故事，將帶領我們走入一趟勞動社會學之旅。這些受訪的新店區阿美族資深板模工人，主要來自花東平原或縱谷不同的部落。目前他們有些居住於新店國宅內，有些居住於河濱部落，有些散居於安坑地區。他們都是技術工人，從事營造業板模工作也都有二十個年頭以上。他們豐富的板模工作經驗及長時期待在此行業，不僅提供我們重新認識台灣建築工人勞動過程的自主性及日常生活樣貌，也從他們口述史中知道整個營造業產業的變遷風向。雖然他們以個案方式被呈現，但我們借助這些個案也試圖超越這些個案，嘗試從具體工人個案敘述，走向抽象工人的理論論述與剖析。 這是一趟勞動社會學之旅，但同時也是一趟勞動生命史之旅。本文採取田野調查、深度訪談與歷史文獻爬梳的方式，試圖去貼近被研究對象。他們的勞動與都市生活，其實是具體地鑲嵌於母文化及其社會關係之中。當越是深入田野貼近都市阿美族的工作經驗及其日常生活，筆者就越想瞭解下列的疑問：「都市阿美族建築業工班是如何運作的？」、「都市阿美族人其原來的勞動文化，如何被帶入工地勞動之中的？」、「台灣營造業的剝削與不公平問題，更勝於其他行業，但為何沒有建築工人走上街頭呢？其中製造甘願的機制為何呢？」、「都市阿美族建築工人的抗爭，如何展現及其限制為何？」最後還有「都市阿美族人建築工人團結文化如何可能？」這些大問號，將引導本文的思考與書寫的方向。 本文的章節安排，扼要說明如下。第一章〈導論〉，包括研究動機與目的、文獻回顧與評析、研究方法及章節安排之說明；第二章〈近代阿美族的社會歷史及其時代變遷〉，探討阿美族自荷西時代到日本殖民時代的社會變遷；第三章〈當代阿美族的西部都會地區移工、族裔社區與日常生活〉，則試圖描繪當代阿美族的社會變遷面貌，尤其考察都市阿美族的形成、社群網絡、自願團體、貨幣使用及其日常生活樣貌；第四章〈阿美族板模工個案生命史〉，正式進入七位男性都市阿美族板模師傅個案勞動生命史自傳的書寫；第五章〈都市阿美族營造業工班組織與勞動過程考察〉，將由這七位板模師傅的勞動經驗出發，並將其放在台灣營造業鋼筋混凝土工法引進百年歷史、戰後台灣營造業外包制度、工班運作及其生產政治中考察；第六章，〈戰後台灣工地文化、營造技術及其社會變遷〉，我們將聚焦在台灣特殊的工地文化、營造業去技術過程及建築工人的勞動自主性之課題；第七章〈工地「階級」關係、勞動過程與市場專制/關係主義〉，試圖建立在上述個案研究基礎之上，並超越個案的侷限，從事抽象的建築工人勞動過程的理論討論與剖析。其中，特別指出及論證台灣營造業之「市場專制與關係主義複合體組合」勞動體制特色；最後第八章〈結論〉，扼要說明本研究的若干研究發現。 / In this book, the hardworking life stories of seven urban Amis template workers in construction industry will lead us to a journey of sociology of labor. These interviewed senior Amis template workers who live in Sindian District, New Taipei City, mainly come from different tribes in Huatung Valley or Plain. They chose to settle down in Sindian District of New Taipei City. Some of them live in Sindian public housing, some live in riverbank tribes, and others live scattered in Ankeng. They are all skilled workers who have experience in making templates in construction industry for more than twenty years. With their extensive experience of making templates and stay in this industry for a long time, we not only rediscover the autonomy of labor and daily life of construction workers in Taiwan but also learn the transformation of the construction industry with their oral history. Although it is presented with cases, we attempt to transcend the cases, and with these cases, we try to discuss and analyze the cases from concrete labour cases to abstract labour theory. This is a journey of sociology of labor, and also a journey of history of labor life. With the methods of field work, depth interview, and historical references, the writer tries to get close to the subjects and finds that their labor and urban lives are concretely embedded to mother culture and social relations. The deeper the writer gets into the field and urban Amis’ working experience and daily life, the more the writer wants to solve the following questions: “How does the construction shift of urban Amis works?” “How did Amis’ original labor culture be brought to the construction labor?” “The exploitation and unfairness of labor in Taiwan construction industry are more serious than those of other industries, but why there aren’t social movement of construction workers in the streets? What is the mechanism of creating consent?” “How should we express and what is the limit of the fight of urban Amis construction workers?” “What is the possibility of unity culture of urban Amis construction workers?” These big questions will lead the way of this essay’s thought and direction of writing. The chapter arrangement of the essay are as follows: chapter 1, “Introduction,” including the motivation and purpose of the research, reviewing and analyzing the references, research methods, and the arrangement of chapters; chapter 2, “Recent social history of the Amis and the change of its time,” discussing the change of Amis society from European rule to Japanese colonial period; chapter 3, “Present Amis’ migrant workers in Taiwan’s western metropolitan areas, community, and daily life,” trying to describe the appearance of present Amis’ change of the society, especially inspecting the formation, community grid, volunteer group, usage of currency, and daily life of present Amis; chapter 4, “Individual life history of Amis template workers,” beginning to write the biography of the history of labor life of the seven urban Amis template workers; chapter 5, “Inspecting the construction industry work organization and labor process of urban Amis,” starting from the personal labor experience of these seven template workers, it investigate the history of hundreds of years of reinforced concrete technique in Taiwan construction industry, post-war outsourcing system in Taiwan, operation of working shifts, and production politics; chapter 6, “Post-war culture of construction site, construction techniques, and change of society in Taiwan,” focusing on the special culture of construction site, process of construction techniques, and the labor autonomy of constriction workers in Taiwan; chapter 7, “The ‘class’ relations of construction site, process of labor, and despotic marketism / relationalism,” trying to establish the above basics of mentioned individual case research, transcending the limitation of individual case, and conduct the abstract discussion and analysis on the theory of labor process of construction workers. It especially points out and demonstrates the features of labor regime of the complex of despotic marketism and relationalism in Taiwan construction industry; chapter 8, “Conclusion,” briefly elaborating the findings of the research.

宗教禮儀性人工製品向來為考古學與民族學者所關注，無疑是因為此類人工製品長期以往被視為族群標誌物之故。論文第一章首先回顧台灣考古學家如何建構考古學靜浦文化（早期稱之為阿美文化）過程，阿美族祭壺器如何經由類比、詮釋，成為考古學者眼中靜浦文化晚期文化相的族群標誌物。其二，耙梳歷史民族誌材料，說明民族學於長時段歷史情境，所紀錄阿美族祭壺器承載的文化訊息或意義認知狀態的不完整性，如性別差異性的疏忽。而此種訊息狀態則可能反饋影響考古學者們對於祭壺器類別等考古材料的意義認知與解釋效度。其三，在靜浦文化與阿美族祭壺器的研究回顧基礎上，筆者提出靜浦文化晚期所屬之「東河南Ⅳ遺址礫石結構現象祭壺器等祭祀物群的埋藏與分類問題」之問題意識。東河南Ⅳ遺址的礫石結構現象埋藏大量diwas祭壺器等祭祀物群，筆者認為至少包括兩個重要的考古學命題，一是埋藏的脈絡，涉及的是社會情境。二是遺物群的分類，涉及埋藏者對於這些遺物群的價值意義的認知。論文的核心理論與研究途徑，乃透阿美族東昌村民族考古學的實踐，以理解阿美族禮儀性物品祭壺器等祭祀器物群的社會生命史與意義的形成過程，涉及阿美族人對於祭壺器等祭祀器物群的分類認知體系、意義與價值、態度和埋藏的形成情境，以回應考古學家對於祭壺器生命歷程“意義”的理解，以期豐富本研究對於考古學有關祭壺器分類與埋藏之問題的詮釋。 論文第二章為田野背景，描繪東昌村宗教性與經濟性交疊的社域空間，指出祭壺器依其性別、指涉對象（tu’as/kawas）、資源地域空間，sifanohay/女性/社內/祖靈/家/田：diwas/男子/社外/Malataw神/山/海，性別空間構成祭壺器生命範疇。祭壺器作為活著的人與祖靈或神靈溝通時不可或缺的中介承載物，隨著性別空間界限，劃界出人們長期慣習經歷的集體記憶、認同與空間。 第三章透過東昌村宗教禮儀機制，描繪禮儀性人工製品diwas如何積極地介入男子成年禮（malengleng）過渡禮儀，sifanohay涉入女子婚後成家操持除穢家屋儀式（miasik to loma’）歷程，diwas與sifanohay等祭祀器物群於社會生命史初始階段如何地被人們所認知、分類、取得、流動於家屋社會。 第四章探討祭壺陶器的風格意義與流動，透過祭祀家戶所持有的祭壺器，首先探討祭壺器風格意義，涉及的是村民對於祭壺器風格型態的認知，經由性別意識形構出的祭壺器性別風格界限與分立的性別風格邊界。其次，針對祭壺器進行文化性分類與風格型態的說明，且經由成家、成巫等方式取得祭壺器的共伴模式，提出傳世與近年因仿製、市場消費等不同流行年代的祭壺器風格型態。其三，透過祭壺器的年使用率與消耗痕，討掄祭壺器的使用與拋棄。其四，探討定著於家屋的祭壺器，如何在世代間的本家垂直流動與婚出成家的橫向擴充。同時指出巫師於祭儀所劃界的儀式空間物界，應許著祭祀器物群的組合共伴模式，框架出祭祀器物群的型態樣貌。 第五章探討祭壺器空間譜系，象徵家屋單位的sifanohay，作用於儀式空間所呈現叢聚與共伴現象意義的討論。首先以田祭（misatolikong）、祖靈祭（talatu’as）為例，「sifanohay叢聚」空間譜系，召示「祖靈→sifanohay→巫師→家戶→家族→世系群」之社會結構意義，歷史化過程中外來的Sakizaya、Cikasuan等世系群（他者）如何經由婚姻與宗教禮儀機制的認同實踐逐漸地進入東昌村社會。族群間的認同疆界雖然隱誨，卻於祀奉母系族源的宗教禮儀現場，經由sifanohay叢聚現象而彰顯。其二，小米播種祭（mitiway）巡祀儀式，勾勒出巫師巡祭家戶的路徑，透過標誌家戶單位sifanohay空間分布，劃界出Lidaw帶有生命隨著時間與信仰認同形構出的浮動疆界。 第六章探討東昌村喪葬儀禮涉及的祭壺器陪葬與埋藏歷程，東昌村人對於傳統土葬意識與現行火葬態度。傳統土葬做為陪葬品的祭壺器，因為改採火葬而從陪葬品的一代生命，翻轉成為隔代的傳家物。此外，因應土葬公墓收歸公有後的遷葬與撿骨儀式，原本做為陪葬品的祭壺器於撿骨時出土當下，祭壺器因為後代子孫於墓地撿骨時的態度與觀念，導致出土祭壺器的命運翻轉，有的家戶視為祖先遺留物而攜家做為傳家寶，或是放在骨灰罈旁如同陪葬品般繼續陪祀祖先，或是被視為污穢禁忌的墓地出土，而從神聖陪葬物轉變成穢物而被拋棄於墓地現場，導致祭壺器生命歷程的文化扭曲與變遷的動態歷程。 第七章為靜浦文化晚期內涵與東河南Ⅳ遺址「礫石結構現象」埋藏事件問題的反思。經由東昌村民族考古學田野的觀測，對於阿美族人宗教禮儀性物品祭壺器社會生命史的意義認知與分類體系的基礎下，試圖重新論述考古學靜浦文化晚期文化內涵核心，所伴隨宗教祭祀禮儀性物品祭壺器等祭祀器物群的社會意義。此外，面對形成過程中遭扭曲的靜浦文化晚期東河南Ⅳ遺址「礫石結構現象」埋藏事件，研析遭共同埋藏的祭壺器等祭祀器物群“埋藏情境與分類問題”，以豐富考古學對於靜浦文化晚期歷經清末日初近現代時期以來宗教性物質文化發展變遷的狀態，以增進考古學對於此埋藏事件所隱含祖靈信仰認同斷裂的詮釋效度。 第八章結語部分，首先回顧東昌村民族考古學田野對於祭壺器等祭祀器物群社會生命史形成脈絡的理解。祭壺器從男女過渡禮儀的性別意識開展進入家屋社會，形塑祭壺器性別風格界限，伴隨宗教儀禮巫師劃設儀式空間界限，再次形構祭祀器物群共伴組合與型態風格。再者，定著於祖靈信仰家戶的祭壺器，再次地劃界出Lidaw浮動的宗教性社會疆界，同時標誌出與奇萊平原臨社間的祖靈信仰光譜與村際邊界。文末提出論文思考與未來延續性研究方向，以期增進本論文研究取向的拓展性。

本研究透過針對台東縣都蘭社群建造傳統竹筏所記載的民族誌，探索該社群在政府授權的美麗灣民間興建營運後轉移模式(BOT)發展案中的角色與互動。研究內容包括了(1)對民間興建營運後轉移之模式的總體回顧，以及美麗灣此個案的評估。(2)在地阿美族社群對發展計畫反對的詳細論述。(3)在替代發展方案上的建議。我的田野調查包含了在社群集會與示威抗議活動上的參與觀察，但調查的重心則立基於一條阿美竹筏建造與出海的過程。本文的結論提供了一套能夠兼顧在地居民互動及外來廠商利益的發展方案，旨在透過融合相關各方的觀點以圖能夠減少衝突並促進共同利益。 / This research explores the dimensions and interactions of the Amis community under the Miramar Resort (MR) Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) development project authorized by the local county government through an ethnographic approach on the construction of a traditional bamboo raft in the township of Dulan, Taitung, Taiwan. The content of this study includes (1) A status review of the BOT policy in general and the MR development project in particular, (2) A detailed account of the local Amis community’s opposition to the project, and (3) Suggestion on alternative methods of land management. My fieldwork includes participant observation in the context of seminar meetings and activist demonstrations. However the centerpiece of the research at Dulan revolves around my personal participation in the construction of an Amis traditional bamboo raft and its launching into the ocean. Conclusions offer alternative ways for the development of an area that is interactive with indigenous peoples and outside commercial interests. The perspective taken is aimed at alleviating conflict through incorporating the views of stakeholders in the best interests of all parties involved.