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The use of Digital Teaching Tools to Support Students with Reading and Writing Difficulties in the Subject English for Grades 7-9 / Användandet av digitala läromedel för att stödja elever med läs-och skrivsvårigheter i engelska ämnet för årskurs 7–9Edlund, Felicia, Alshairawi, Isra January 2022 (has links)
As a result of the increase of digitalisation in today’s society over the recent years, the Swedish school system requires a certain degree of digital competence amongst teachers. The COVID-19 pandemic has not only accelerated the digitalisation of schools it even forced teaching to become digital for some time. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how Swedish ESL/EFL teachers in secondary school utilise digital tools to support pupils with writing and reading difficulties and their awareness of these difficulties. In order to meet the formulated aim of this paper, the research questions have been separated into three sections. The first area involves writing and reading difficulties in English courses. The second aspect of this research will examine which digital tools English teachers use to support students that struggle with reading and writing in the classroom, and the third aspect is how they apply these tools to their teaching. In this qualitative study, four English teachers participated. The empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The results show that the interviewees experienced that the use of digital tools supported and developed students in their reading skills. Moreover, previous research concludes that digital tools have a profitable effect on students’ motivation and learning. However, the interviewees’ struggled to present digital teaching strategies to support struggling writers and did not present an effective digital tool for students with writing difficulties. Additionally, we discovered that the teachers in this study lacked the knowledge to some extent regarding digital tools to support these students; hence, the importance of providing further education to teachers regarding our research topic to offer an equivalent and inclusive school environment for all students. Further, research on digital tools and how to support students were limited. Therefore, we suggest future research on the topic with a focus on digital teaching strategies.
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The Effects of Small Group Vocabulary Instruction on Second Grade Students' Expressive VocabulariesFariss, Laura Lester 05 August 2013 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of small group vocabulary instruction above and beyond whole group, read aloud vocabulary instruction, on second grade students' expressive vocabularies. This experimental study reflected a between-subjects design as three treatment groups were compared using a pretest, posttest within subjects variable methodology. A small group instructional intervention was administered to a treatment group in addition to the whole group, read-aloud based vocabulary instruction that the alternative treatment group received. Data was collected over an eight week intervention period. Results indicated that small group vocabulary instruction led to greater gains in second grade students' expressive use of target words than did read aloud-based instruction or no instruction (control). Additionally, students who received small group instruction retained more target word knowledge over time than students who did not receive small group instruction. Implications for practice and future research are included. / Ph. D.
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Effect of Single vs. Immediate Repeated Read-Aloud on Preschoolers’ Listening ComprehensionDeVore, Trenton Michael Tremains 11 September 2020 (has links)
No description available.
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Högläsningens dimensioner : En litteraturstudie om hur planerad högläsning påverkar elevers ordkunskaper och läsförståelseHoti, Edina, Tripunovic, Jelena, Persson, Malin January 2021 (has links)
Using read-aloud as a reading tool in the classroom allows students to connect with books and other texts before they can read for themselves. Reading aloud opens opportunities for interaction in the form of new words, expressions and contexts being exchanged between teacher and students. Furthermore, this can be done by giving students an understanding of what is being read as well as an increased vocabulary. The purpose of this literature study is to find out what research says about how teachers' planned reading affects students' language development, and more specifically to answer the questions: How can Bloom's revised taxonomy contribute to teachers' work with structured reading? In which way can read-aloud affect students' vocabulary and reading comprehension? In order to answer the questions and achieve the purpose of the study, we have systematically developed, analysed and compiled scientific studies on specifically read-aloud, and Bloom's taxonomy. We did our research on ERIC EBSCO in order to find articles which could lead us to some results. Our results show that teachers planning, structure and picking out keywords helps students develop vocabulary & reading comprehension. The book selection is an important factor when it comes to students gaining a comprehension. Interactive read-aloud plays a significant role in developing students' word skills. Further research can take the form of investigating how the application of Bloom's taxonomy in planning for read-aloud can take place in Swedish schools.
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Impact of Early Literature Exposure on Continued Motivation to Read; A Case StudyGosche, Kristy Lynn 05 July 2005 (has links)
No description available.
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What are the Similarities and Differences in Fourth and Sixth Grade Reluctant Readers’ Responses to the Motivation to Read Profile?Wolf, Erin L. 23 March 2011 (has links)
No description available.
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Using Teacher Read-Alouds to Enhance First Grade Student's Vocabulary Development and ComprehensionRatliff, Lauren E. January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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EFFECTS OF BOOK GENRE ON PRESCHOOLERS’ ACQUISITION OF TARGETED VOCABULARY DURING CLASSROOM READ-ALOUDSFlanigan, Judith January 2016 (has links)
Current research supports the effectiveness of embedding explicit vocabulary instruction within the preschool classroom read-aloud. However, much of the book reading research has made use of story books rather than informational text. This study was conducted to understand the outcomes of using informational books to teach targeted vocabulary to preschool children during book reading. A quasi-experimental design was used to investigate the effects of two read-aloud strategies, using informational books, on preschoolers’ acquisition of novel vocabulary words. The results revealed statistically significant differences in the amount of words learned during the read aloud of an informational book in which vocabulary instruction was embedded. As a result of participating in vocabulary instruction embedded within an informational book read-aloud, preschoolers were able to learn the targeted words. Results indicate the effectiveness of teachers using an interactive approach with informational books when planning read-alouds to support vocabulary development. / Teaching & Learning
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”Okej, nu börjar ni vara trötta så jag läser för er en stund” : Är högläsning en vilostund eller en förberedd aktivitet i skolan? / "Okey, you are all beginning to get tired so let me read for a moment" : Are read-alouds used for relaxation or as a planned activity in schoolsDådring Jones, Maja January 2017 (has links)
Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka vilken funktion högläsning har i de lägre skolåren. Studienundersöker även om lärarna planerar sina högläsningsstunder samt hur mycket utrymme högläsningen fåri klassrummen. Studien är kvantitativ med kvalitativa inslag och den utgår från lärarnas perspektiv. För attsamla in empiriska data används en enkät som lärare får möjlighet att besvara online. I resultatetframkommer det att vila och språkutveckling är det som lärarna beskriver som högläsningens främstafunktioner. Det framkommer även att majoriteten av lärare inte planerar sin högläsning. De flesta läraresvarar att de även önskar att de högläste mer ofta än de 40–100 minuter per vecka som resultatet visar attde gör idag.
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Development of a bioinformatics approach for the functional analysis of alternative splicingFuente Lorente, Lorena de la 02 September 2019 (has links)
[ES] Uno de los aspectos más apasionantes de la transcripción es la plasticidad transcriptómica y proteómica mediada por los procesos de regulación post-transcripcional (PTR). Los mecanismos PTR como el splicing alternativo (AS) y la poliadenilación alternativa (APA) han emergido como procesos estrechamente regulados que juegan un papel clave en la generación de la complejidad transcriptómica y están asociados con la coordinación de la diferenciación celular o el desarrollo de tejidos. Sin embargo nuestro conocimiento sobre cómo estos mecanismos regulan las propiedades de los productos resultantes para definir el fenotipo es aún muy reducido. La cantidad de variantes existentes y el amplio rango de posibles consecuencias funcionales, hacen su validación funcional una tarea impracticable si se realiza caso por caso. Además, la falta de herramientas para la evaluación funcional orientada a isoformas ha provocado que gran parte del trabajo computacional haya empleado pipelines ad-hoc aplicadas a sistemas biológicos específicos o simplemente hayan confiado en análisis de enriquecimiento GO, los cuales no son informativos del impacto en las propiedades de las isoformas que hay detrás de la regulación PTR.
De hecho, a pesar de las más de sesenta mil publicaciones relativas al AS, muy pocas isoformas se han asociado con propiedades específicas, mientras que el número de nuevas variantes AS/APA con function desconocida crece exponencialmente debido a las técnicas de secuenciación de segunda generación (NGS). Además, y debido a limitaciones técnicas de las NGS para reconstruir la estructura de los transcritos, las tecnologías de secuenciación de tercera generación (TGS) están definiendo una nueva era en la que, por primera vez, es posible conocer la secuencia de elementos estructurales y funcionales en los mRNAs.
En esta tesis se han abordado tres propósitos principales para poder avanzar en el estudio funcional de las isoformas. En primer lugar, con las TGS siendo cada vez más utilizadas, la evaluación de la calidad de los transcriptomas \textit{de novo} es esencial para asegurar la fiabilidad de la diversidad transcriptómica encontrada. La falta de análisis de calidad orientados a secuencias largas ha motivado el desarrollo de SQANTI, una pipeline automatizado para la exhaustiva evaluación de TGS transcriptomas. En segundo lugar, la información a nivel de gen de la mayoría de bases de datos funcionales sigue siendo el principal escollo para el estudio de la variabilidad entre isoformas, especialmente en el caso de las isoformas nuevas, en las que las bases de datos estáticas impiden su caracterización. Así, hemos diseñado IsoAnnot, que construye una base de datos de anotaciones funcionales con resolución a nivel de isoformas integrando información diseminada por múltiples bases de datos y métodos de predicción. Finalmente, la indisponibilidad de métodos para estudiar el impacto funcional de la regulación de isoformas, nos ha motivado a desarrollar tappAS, una herramienta dinámica, flexible y diseñada para facilitar el abordaje de este tipo de estudios.
Por lo tanto, durante esta tesis hemos desarrollado una infraestructura que resuelve los retos principales del análisis funcional de isoformas, proporcionando un conjunto de nuevos métodos y herramientas que ofrecen una oportunidad única para explorar cómo el fenotipo se especifica post-transcripcionalmente, mediante la alteración de las propiedades funcionales de las isoformas expresadas. La aplicación de nuestro análisis a un doble sistema de diferenciación neuronal en ratón definió el efecto de la regulación de isoformas entre la diferenciación de motoneuronas y oligodendrocitos para múltiples elementos funcionales. Entre ellos, hemos descubierto regiones transmembrana que son diferencialmente incluidas en las isoformas expresadas entre ambos tipos celulares y cuya regulación podría estar contribuyendo al control de / [CA] Un dels aspectes més emocionants de la biologia del transcriptoma és l'adaptabilitat contextual de transcriptomes i proteomes eucariotes mitjançant la regulació post-transcripcional (PTR). Els mecanismes PTR, com el splicing alternatiu (AS) i la poliadenilació alternativa (APA), s'han convertit en processos molt regulats que juguen un paper clau en la generació de la complexitat del transcriptoma i en la coordinació de la diferenciació cel·lular o del desenvolupament de teixits. No obstant això, el nostre coneixement de com aquests mecanismes imprimeixen característiques funcionals diferents al conjunt resultant d'isoformes per definir el fenotip observat és encara escàs. El nombre de variants de PTR i les seues conseqüències potencialment funcionals fa que la validació funcional sigui una tasca poc pràctica si es fa cas per cas. A més, la manca d'enfocaments funcionals orientats a isoformes ha fet que gran part del treballs computacionals per esbrinar qüestions funcionals a nivell de transcriptoma siguen estratègies computacionals ad hoc aplicades a sistemes biològics específics o bé basats en un simple anàlisi d'enriquiment GO, que no aporten informació sobre l'impacte de la PTR sobre les propietats de les isoformes.
Així, malgrat les més de 60.000 publicacions existents sobre AS, poques de les isoformes existents s'han associat a propietats específiques, mentre que el nombre de noves variants AS/APA amb funcions desconegudes i fins i tot inexplorades augmenta de manera exponencial gràcies a la seqüenciació de nova generació (NGS). A causa de les limitacions tècniques del NGS per reconstruir l'estructura dels transcrits, la seqüenciació d'alt rendiment de transcrits de longitud completa mitjançant tecnologies de tercera generació (TGS) obre una nova era en la transcriptòmica, ja que millora la definició dels models genètics i, per primera vegada, permet associar amb precisió esdeveniments funcionals dins de la molècula d'ARN.
Aquesta tesi aborda tres grans reptes per a progressar en l'estudi de la funció de les isoformes. En primer lloc, amb l'aparició i la popularitat creixent del TGS, la definició precisa i la caracterització completa dels transcriptomes de novo són essencials per garantir la qualitat de qualsevol conclusió sobre la diversitat del transcriptoma. La manca d'anàlisis de qualitat orientats a lectures llargues va motivar el desenvolupament de SQANTI (https://bitbucket.org/ ConesaLab / sqanti), una estratègia computacional automatitzada per a la caracterització estructural i l'avaluació de la qualitat dels transcriptomes de longitud completa. En segon lloc, els recursos funcionals existents centrats en el gen suposen una gran limitació per a l'estudi extensiu de la variabilitat funcional de les isoformes, especialment en les noves isoformes, que no es poden caracteritzar per bases de dades estàtiques. Per tant, vam dissenyar IsoAnnot, que construeix dinàmicament una base de dades amb anotacions funcionals a nivell d'isoforma, que utilitza com a informació d'entrada les seqüències dels transcrits i integra informació de diverses bases de dades i mètodes de predicció. Finalment, com no hi havia cap mètode per interrogar l'impacte funcional del PTR, vam desenvolupar nous enfocaments i eines fàcils d'utilitzar, com ara tappAS (http://tappas.org/), dissenyada per facilitar als investigadors els estudis funcionals de transcriptoma complet i de regulació d'isoformes en contexts específics.
Per tant, aquesta tesi descriu el desenvolupament d'un marc d'anàlisi que aborda els reptes fonamentals de l'anàlisi funcional d'isoformes. Aplicada a un sistema de diferenciació neuronal murina, vam descobrir regions transmembrana específiques d'isoformes, la modulació de les quals per PTR podria contribuir a controlar la dinàmica mitocondrial específica del tipus cel·lular durant la determinació del destí neuronal. / [EN] One of the most exciting aspects of transcriptome biology is the contextual adaptability of eukaryotic transcriptomes and proteomes by post-transcriptional regulation (PTR). PTR mechanisms such as alternative splicing (AS) and alternative polyadenylation (APA) have emerged as tightly regulated processes playing a key role in generating transcriptome complexity and coordinating cell differentiation or tissue development. However, how these mechanisms imprint distinct functional characteristics on the resulting set of isoforms to define the observed phenotype remains poorly understood. The number of PTR variants and their resulting range of potentially functional consequences makes their functional validation an impractical task if done on a case-by-case basis. Besides, the lack of isoform-oriented functional profiling approaches has made that much of the computational work done to elucidate transcriptome-wide functional questions has either involved ad hoc computational pipelines applied to specific biological systems or has relied on simple GO-enrichment analysis that are not informative about the PTR impact on isoform properties.
Thus, even though more than 60,000 publications on AS, a few number of existing isoforms have been associated with specific properties while the number of novel AS/APA variants with unknown and even unexplored functions is exponentially increasing thanks to the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS). Due to the technical limitations of NGS to reconstruct the transcript structure, high-throughput sequencing of full-length transcripts using third-generation technologies (TGS) is opening up a new transcriptomics era that enhances the definition of gene models and, for the first time, enables to precisely associate functional events within the RNA molecule.
This thesis addresses three major challenges to the progression of the study of isoform function. First, with the emergence and increasing popularity of TGS, the accurate definition and comprehensive characterisation of de novo transcriptomes is essential to ensure the quality of any conclusions on transcriptome diversity drawn from these data. The lack of long-read oriented quality aware analysis motivated the development of SQANTI \url{(https://bitbucket.org/ConesaLab/sqanti)}, an automated pipeline for the structural characterization and quality assessment of full-length transcriptomes. Secondly, the gene-centric nature of functional resources remained the major limitation to the extended study of functional isoform variability, especially for novel isoforms, which cannot be characterised by static databases. Thus, we designed IsoAnnot, which dynamically constructs an isoform-resolved rich database of functional annotations by using as input transcript sequences and integrating information disseminated across several databases and prediction methods. Finally, because no methods to interrogate the functional impact of PTR were available, we developed novel approaches and user-friendly tools such as tappAS \url{(http://tappas.org/)}, designed to facilitate researchers the transcriptome-wide functional study of context-specific isoform regulation.
Thereby, this thesis describes the development of an analysis framework that tackles the fundamental challenges of the isoform functional analysis by providing a set of novel methods and tools that offer an unique opportunity to explore how the phenotype is specified by altering the functional characteristics of expressed isoforms. Applied to a murine neural differentiation system, our pipeline profiled the effect of isoform regulation on the inclusion of several functional elements within transcripts between motor-neuron and oligodendrocyte differentiation systems and specifically, we discovered isoform-specific transmembrane regions whose modulation by PTR might contribute to control cell type-specific mitochondrial dynamics during neural fate determination. / This work was funded by the following grants: From 2014 to 2018. FPU: Training programme for Academic Staff. Spanish Ministry of Education, FPU2013/02348. From 2016 to 2019. NOVELSEQ: Novel methods for new challenges in the analysis of high-throughput sequencing data. MINECO, BIO2015-1658-R. From 2014 to 2017. DEANN: Developing a European American NGS Network. EU Marie Curie IRSES, GA-612583. / Fuente Lorente, LDL. (2019). Development of a bioinformatics approach for the functional analysis of alternative splicing [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/124974
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