Cette étude analyse un ensemble de narrations à la première personne du singulier rédigées au XVIIe siècle, ainsi que leurs conditions d’écriture et de réception. Cinq récits de vie de soldats ont fait l’objet de ce travail : les récits de Diego Suárez Corvín, Jerónimo de Pasamonte, Diego Galán de Escobar, Alonso de Contreras et Domingo de Toral y Valdés. L’étude s’attache dans un premier temps à l’analyse du contexte historique et militaire, qui conditionne fortement ces écritures personnelles. L’analyse du cadre culturel et idéologique de l’écriture sur soi au Siècle d’Or démontre que l’émergence de ces récits de vie ne peut pas être dissociée d’un ensemble de circonstances (théories aristotéliciennes sur l’histoire et la poésie, apparition de la notion d’individu et des premiers récits de soi à la Renaissance, contexte de réception) qui ont permis l’ouverture d’un nouvel espace générique dans lequel s’inscrivent ces récits de vie. Enfin, cette étude s’attache aux enjeux et aux stratégies d’écriture de ces récits de soldats : ces aspects légitiment l’inclusion de ces textes dans le cadre théorique et générique de l’autobiographie, et font également apparaître la présence d’influences intertextuelles qui démontrent que ces auteurs ont écrit en fonction de matrices d’écriture et qui permettent, d’une certaine manière, le passage de la vie à la littérature. / This research analyses a corpus of five first-person narratives written in the 17th century as well as the context in which they were written and the way they were received. These five self-narratives are from soldiers named Diego Suárez Corvín, Jerónimo de Pasamonte, Diego Galán de Escobar, Alonso de Contreras and Domingo de Toral y Valdés.First of all, the study focuses on the historical and military context which strongly influenced the writing of these self-narratives. The analysis of the cultural and ideological contexts of autobiographical writing in the Golden Age shows that the emergence of these self-narratives is intermingled with a number of historical elements (the Aristotelian theories on history and poetry, the emergence of the notion of individual and of the first self-narratives, the context of their reception) which led to the creation of a new theoretical space to which these self-narratives belong. This research also deals with the issues and strategies at stake in these soldiers’ writings. These elements make it relevant to include these writings in the theoretical and generic genre of the autobiography. They also reveal inter textual references which are clear evidence that these writings were produced according to writing patterns, which enabled, in a way, the passage from life to literature.

Os Infortúnios trágicos da constante Florinda, de Gaspar Pires de Rebelo, foram publicados em 1625. Devido ao sucesso alcançado pelo texto, veio a público, em 1633, uma continuação intitulada Segunda parte da Constante Florinda, em que se trata dos infortúnios que teve Arnaldo buscando-a pelo mundo. A Constante Florinda (esse é o título pelo qual as duas partes da obra, em conjunto, ficaram conhecidas), muito lida nos séculos XVII e XVIII, foi praticamente esquecida nos séculos seguintes. Este nosso trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a referida obra, evidenciando os procedimentos retóricos e poéticos e os ensinamentos estóico-cristãos que constituem a narração e a doutrina da Constante Florinda. Tendo em vista tal propósito, o estudo, num primeiro momento, volta-se para os preceitos retóricos e poéticos que permitem pensar-se numa ars narrandi, ou seja, uma técnica de narrar que o narrador, como persona gnara, conhece e sabe empregar ao relatar os infortúnios trágicos de Florinda e Arnaldo. Se um dos ofícios dessa narração é ensinar algo para os leitores, já que estes devem ser movidos não apenas pelo deleite, mas também pelo proveito, nosso trabalho, num segundo momento, discute as lições das histórias narradas. Assim, o que buscamos demonstrar é que o proveito da narração dos infortúnios de Florinda e Arnaldo ecoa os ensinamentos da doutrina estóico-cristã dos séculos XVI e XVII, difundida por autores como Justo Lípsio e Francisco de Quevedo. Ressalta-se neste trabalho, por fim, o seu próprio artifício. Apenas no nosso estudo narração e doutrina podem ser separadas, pois no texto da Constante Florinda tudo se dá simultaneamente: a narração já é doutrina, e mostra aos leitores, com exempla estóicos, os caminhos (trágicos) do viver cristão. / Gaspar Pires de Rebelos Infortúnios trágicos da constante Florinda was published in 1625. Given its conspicuous success, a sequel, Segunda parte da Constante Florinda, em que se trata dos infortúnios que teve Arnaldo buscando-a pelo mundo, came out in 1633. Constante Florinda (this is the title both parts became known as), largely disseminated in the 17th and 18th centuries, was nonetheless virtually forgotten in the subsequent centuries. This dissertation intends to analyze the aforementioned work, so as to highlight not only rhetorical and poetic procedures, but also stoic-christian lessons which lie beneath both the narrative and the doctrine of Constante Florinda. Bearing this goal in mind, this study will first focus on rhetorical and poetic precepts which render it possible to think about the ars narrandi, that is to say, a narrative technique that the narrator (as persona gnara) deeply understands, thus being able to employ it when reporting the tragic misfortunes of Florinda and Arnaldo. If one of the purposes of this narration is to teach something to its readers, since the latter must be moved not only by delight, but also by profit, we also intend to adduce the lessons of the stories the narrator tells. Therefore, we mean to demonstrate that the profit from the narration of Florindas and Arnaldos misfortunes reflects 16th and 17th-century stoic-christian doctrine, profoundly advertised by authors such as Justus Lipsius and Francisco de Quevedo. Last but not least, our dissertation has it as an inherent intention to stress its artifice. Only in our study can narration and doctrine be set apart, since in Constante Florinda they emerge simultaneously: narration is also doctrine, and conveys the (tragic) paths, with stoic exempla, of christian life.

Cette thèse porte sur le traitement de la folie à l’Époque Moderne étudiée à la lumière du Droit pénal et inquisitorial. Elle s’attache à analyser la façon dont la folie a été appréciée pour chaque type de délit. Le corpus est constitué de l’ensemble des relations de causes des quatorze tribunaux inquisitoriaux péninsulaires, à savoir Barcelone, Cuenca, Cordoue, Grenade, Llerena, Logroño, Madrid, Murcie, Santiago, Saragosse, Séville, Tolède, Valence et Valladolid, ainsi que de quelques procès et de la correspondance échangée entre le Tribunal de la Suprême et ces tribunaux au cours de la période allant de 1537 à 1700.Ces recherches, menées dans une perspective novatrice et interdisciplinaire qui convoque l’anthropologie, l’histoire du Droit et celle des mentalités, ont vocation à permettre d’étudier les relations complexes que l’Inquisition entretient avec la folie. / This dissertation deals with the treatment of madness in the early Modern period. In the light of criminal and inquisitorial law, it aims at analysing how madness was assessed for each type of crime. The corpus of this dissertation is based on the Relations of causes of the fourteen peninsular inquisitorial tribunals, i.e. Barcelona, Cuenca, Cordoba, Grenada, Llerena, Logroño, Madrid, Murcie, Santiago, Zaragoza, Seville, Toledo, Valencia and Valladolid, as well as on some lawsuits and the correspondence exchanged between the Tribunal of the Suprema and these tribunals from 1537 to 1700.This research, carried out in an innovative and interdisciplinary perspective which used anthropology, the history of Law and the history of mentalities, has allowed me to study the complex relations between Inquisition and madness.

Os Infortúnios trágicos da constante Florinda, de Gaspar Pires de Rebelo, foram publicados em 1625. Devido ao sucesso alcançado pelo texto, veio a público, em 1633, uma continuação intitulada Segunda parte da Constante Florinda, em que se trata dos infortúnios que teve Arnaldo buscando-a pelo mundo. A Constante Florinda (esse é o título pelo qual as duas partes da obra, em conjunto, ficaram conhecidas), muito lida nos séculos XVII e XVIII, foi praticamente esquecida nos séculos seguintes. Este nosso trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a referida obra, evidenciando os procedimentos retóricos e poéticos e os ensinamentos estóico-cristãos que constituem a narração e a doutrina da Constante Florinda. Tendo em vista tal propósito, o estudo, num primeiro momento, volta-se para os preceitos retóricos e poéticos que permitem pensar-se numa ars narrandi, ou seja, uma técnica de narrar que o narrador, como persona gnara, conhece e sabe empregar ao relatar os infortúnios trágicos de Florinda e Arnaldo. Se um dos ofícios dessa narração é ensinar algo para os leitores, já que estes devem ser movidos não apenas pelo deleite, mas também pelo proveito, nosso trabalho, num segundo momento, discute as lições das histórias narradas. Assim, o que buscamos demonstrar é que o proveito da narração dos infortúnios de Florinda e Arnaldo ecoa os ensinamentos da doutrina estóico-cristã dos séculos XVI e XVII, difundida por autores como Justo Lípsio e Francisco de Quevedo. Ressalta-se neste trabalho, por fim, o seu próprio artifício. Apenas no nosso estudo narração e doutrina podem ser separadas, pois no texto da Constante Florinda tudo se dá simultaneamente: a narração já é doutrina, e mostra aos leitores, com exempla estóicos, os caminhos (trágicos) do viver cristão. / Gaspar Pires de Rebelos Infortúnios trágicos da constante Florinda was published in 1625. Given its conspicuous success, a sequel, Segunda parte da Constante Florinda, em que se trata dos infortúnios que teve Arnaldo buscando-a pelo mundo, came out in 1633. Constante Florinda (this is the title both parts became known as), largely disseminated in the 17th and 18th centuries, was nonetheless virtually forgotten in the subsequent centuries. This dissertation intends to analyze the aforementioned work, so as to highlight not only rhetorical and poetic procedures, but also stoic-christian lessons which lie beneath both the narrative and the doctrine of Constante Florinda. Bearing this goal in mind, this study will first focus on rhetorical and poetic precepts which render it possible to think about the ars narrandi, that is to say, a narrative technique that the narrator (as persona gnara) deeply understands, thus being able to employ it when reporting the tragic misfortunes of Florinda and Arnaldo. If one of the purposes of this narration is to teach something to its readers, since the latter must be moved not only by delight, but also by profit, we also intend to adduce the lessons of the stories the narrator tells. Therefore, we mean to demonstrate that the profit from the narration of Florindas and Arnaldos misfortunes reflects 16th and 17th-century stoic-christian doctrine, profoundly advertised by authors such as Justus Lipsius and Francisco de Quevedo. Last but not least, our dissertation has it as an inherent intention to stress its artifice. Only in our study can narration and doctrine be set apart, since in Constante Florinda they emerge simultaneously: narration is also doctrine, and conveys the (tragic) paths, with stoic exempla, of christian life.

Dans l’Espagne des XVIe et XVIIe siècles, le peintre est un personnage en construction. Souvent défini par l’idéologie qui le commande et les œuvres qui lui survivent, son geste semble perdu à jamais, ou figé sous la forme d’archétypes et d’allégories. L’autoportrait, genre naissant, témoigne de cette main, mais il reste loin de toute objectivité : « Le peintre, peintre de lui-même, dans la dépendance de ce que l’histoire charrie et porte, n’aurait-il été qu’un singe savant et dressé qui rabâche ? », se demande Pascal Bonafoux en conclusion de son étude sur Les peintres et l’autoportrait. Même dans le reflet direct que l’artiste offre de lui-même, les topiques s’immiscent : ils aident à son identification, au déchiffrage des chefs-d’œuvre et au balisage des chemins de la gloire. Cependant, ces figures ont une vie, et elles échappent parfois à l’évidence qu’on leur prête. À commencer par saint Luc, personnalité a priori idéale pour conduire les peintres vers la reconnaissance attendue dans l’élan contre-réformiste, mais qui doit compter avec Apelle, le maître grec dont l’excellence retentit depuis un sommet convoité. Ces légendes se diversifient et se ramifient dans le jeu métaphorique des mots, elles évoluent au gré de la revendication théorique et dévoilent leurs limites au moment de prendre corps. Leur fréquence, leur intensité et leurs croisements témoignent des voies empruntées afin de saisir le personnage du peintre, non pas sa psychologie, mais sa stature, libérale et noble. La focalisation sur la patte du peintre mythique, qui pousse dans l’ombre celle du singe imitateur, éclaire l’avancée de l’artiste dans le Siècle d’Or de la peinture espagnole. / In 16th and 17th century Spain, the figure of the painter is a work in progress. His gesture – often defined by the underlying ideology and by the pieces which will outlive it – seems lost forever or frozen into archetypes and allegories. The new genre of the self-portrait states the existence of the painter’s hand but without any objectivity: “Has the painter, painting himself, been nobody but a performing trained monkey rambling on?”, Pascal Bonafoux wonders in the conclusion of his study Les peintres et l’autoportrait. Topics creep in even in the direct reflection the painter offers when painting himself: they help identify him, decipher the masterpieces and mark out the way to glory. However, those topics live and sometimes escape the obviousness one tends to see in them. Starting with St Luke, who should be the ideal one to lead the painters towards the recognition expected in the wake of the anti-reformation movement, but who has to reckon with Apelles, the Greek master whose excellence resounds from a much-envied summit of fame. Those legends become diverse and ramified through the metaphoric game of language, evolve according to theoretical claims and show their limits when given substance. Their frequency, intensity and conjunctions bear witness to the ways one follows to grasp the figure of the painter – not his psychology but his stature, liberal and noble. The focus on the painter’s touch – which relegates the gesture of the copying monkey to the shadows – sheds a light on the artist’s progression in the Golden Age of Spanish Painting

L’établissement de la Cour à Madrid en 1561 et l’obtention de son nouveau statut de capitale des Espagnes transforment la configuration du système politique, économique et social sur lequel cette ville était jusqu’alors fondée. Le pouvoir royal se joint désormais aux instances municipales et ecclésiastiques dans l’organisation des fêtes religieuses accompagnées de processions de plus en plus somptueuses. Ces dernières deviennent très rapidement un objet de tensions entre les trois autorités madrilènes qui se reflètent au sein de l’espace public. L’examen d’un panorama global des processions madrilènes et de leur relation à l’espace rend compte à la fois des évolutions des dévotions religieuses et de celles de la ville elle-même, c’est-à-dire, de leur dynamique inscrite dans un tissu urbain en mouvement. Cette étude considère les aspects anthropologiques, économiques, sociaux et politiques des processions dont les enjeux sont susceptibles de modifier les équilibres institutionnels du Madrid des Habsbourg, de Philippe II à Charles II. / In 1561, the establishment of the Court in Madrid, as the city gains the status of new capital of the Spains, alters the configuration of the political, economic and social system on which the city was built until then. The royal power now joins the municipal and church authorities to organize religious feasts along with ever more magnificent processions. The latter will soon become a bone of contention between the three ruling bodies in Madrid, reflected in the public space as well. The global overview of the Madrid processions and their relationship to space depicted in this study reveals both the evolution of religious devotions and the changes affecting the dynamic of the city itself within a moving urban fabric. This piece of research also takes into account the anthropological, economic, social and political aspects of the processions whose stakes are likely to modify the institutional equilibria within the Madrid of the Habsburgs, from Philip II to Charles II.