published_or_final_version / Chinese / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

本文旨在探討自民國成立以來至一九八八年，西藏民族自決問題的產生原因，發展以 及未來可能的變化。試圖解開中國與西藏雙方面對於西藏問題爭執的焦點，以促進此 一問題的明朗化。 首章為緒論，就本論文的研究目的，研究範圍以及研究方法，做一個整體的說明，並 對民族自決問題所涉及的相關概念先行界定。 第二章探討西藏民族自決問題產生的背景。以一九○四年英軍入侵拉薩做為中界點。 討論由於英國勢力介入西藏，造成此一地區固有政治形態瓦解的情形，以及中、英、 俄、藏在此一階段中的各項政治措施。 第三章探討民國成立以來以至民國三十八年國民政府徹退來台期間，中國當局在西藏 問題上所做的宣示及努力，並以同時期西藏政治領袖對此一問題的相對性作法和意見 做為對比，以彰顯問題之核心。 第四章則討論自一九四九年至一九八八年之間，西藏問題的變化，仍然採用中、藏對 比的方式討論之。並且加入國際關係以及國際法的影響，同時亦對中華民國政府的態 度亦有所討論。 第五章結論部份，則以文化差異、民族認同，政治互動以及國際關係等四層因素，討 論此一問題的根本衝突以及未來可能解決之道。

第一章：筡世昌家世及其早年之事蹟。將徐氏由一翰林學士到參與清末各項重要政治 活動作介紹。 第二章：南北議和之醞釀，以歷史背景及時代環境作架構，將南北分裂到政局的轉變 情形作一分析。 第三章：徐世昌推動南北議和之原因，和平思想之根源及政治決策之考慮（包括列強 之壓力、輿論之要求）是促使徐氏積極推動議和展開之要因。 第四、五章介紹南北議和之展開到破裂之經過，並分析何以議和延宕時日終無所成之 因。 第六章：南北議和之檢討及其影響，將民八年之議和與民元年之議和作比較並探討議 和破裂後之影響。

Tesis para optar al grado de Doctor en Estudios Latinoamericanos

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences / Department of History

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:46:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 409594.pdf: 13325678 bytes, checksum: eacf052ae249af52a2e28113ed6bb01f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-12 / Este estudo foi elaborado a partir de uma pesquisa documental fundamentada nos arquivos p?blicos e particulares, nas bibliografias sobre o tema e, tamb?m, atrav?s da hist?ria oral, a partir de entrevistas realizadas com antigos trabalhadores da Southern Brazil Lumber & Colonization Company e seus descendentes

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-25T11:54:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Danilo Gustavo Bispo.pdf: 1616324 bytes, checksum: cbc43e66f323825f005da2c275dfa256 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T11:54:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danilo Gustavo Bispo.pdf: 1616324 bytes, checksum: cbc43e66f323825f005da2c275dfa256 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present work aims to expose the study of some aspects that permeated the emergence of Computing Theory of Alan Mathison Turing at the beginning of the 20th century. According to previous research, it is suggested that this occurred in part, due to a theoretical consequence of the development of mathematics. At the end of the nineteenth century there was an effort expended by some thinkers whose aim was to clarify the nature of truth in mathematics, a problem put in sharp evidence by the turbulent stage in the development of mathematical thinking between about 1870 and 1940 with the emergence of new types of geometry. This stage can also be interpreted as "the crisis of fundamentals" and visualized as the outcome of the development phase corresponding to the emergence of contemporary science. Within this context, the idea will now be to broaden the research to identify details of the projects that were not successful but that also had their contribution or influenced in some way the emergence of the theory that established key concepts for the digital computer model / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo expor o estudo de alguns aspectos que permearam o surgimento da Teoria da Computação de Alan Mathison Turing no início do século XX. De acordo com pesquisa, sugere-se que isso tenha ocorrido em parte, devido a uma consequência teórica do desenvolvimento da matemática. No final do século XIX houve um esforço despendido por parte de alguns pensadores cujo o intuito estava em clarificar a natureza da verdade em matemática, problema posto em aguda evidência pela turbulenta etapa no desenvolvimento do pensamento matemático ocorrido entre aproximadamente 1870 e 1940 com o surgimento de novos tipos de geometria. Esta etapa também pode ser interpretada como "a crise dos fundamentos" e visualizada como o desfecho da fase de desenvolvimento correspondente ao surgimento da ciência contemporânea. Dentro deste contexto, a ideia será agora ampliar a investigação procurando identificar detalhes dos projetos que não foram bem-sucedidos, mas que também tiveram sua contribuição ou influenciaram de algum modo o surgimento da teoria que estabeleceu conceitos chave para o modelo do computador digital

中國歷史上屢有異邦人士親身踏訪禹域，其中不乏有心之人將見聞感受付諸紙筆，撰文紀行。考慮到此類材料的政治意涵與文類屬性，本文採用「中國行紀」的概念指稱明治時代日本人結合親身踏訪禹域體驗撰寫的紀行文字。本文討論之日本明治（1868-1912）在時段上與中國晚清大致相當。不到五十年裏，兩國都經歷了翻天覆地但又截然相反的變動。也就是說，在日本不斷進步、日趨興盛的同時，中國卻世風日下，走向衰頹。一百多年前日本漢學者的中國行紀從異域鄰人的角度爲今人理解與進入晚清提供了嶄新的研究視角。 / 有關明治漢文中國行紀的先行研究側重於中日政治關係的歷史描繪，對兩國知識人士之間文化交流與知識轉型方面的價值則有待繼續討論。本文將集中討論被視為明治三大漢文中國行紀的竹添進一郎《棧雲峽雨日記》、岡千仞《觀光紀游》與山本憲《燕山楚水紀遊》。它們分別代表了明治前期、中期與後期日本人對中國的旅行書寫，顯示出日本漢文中國行紀逐漸走向盡頭的趨勢。上述三書不僅影響到許多同代及其後大正、昭和時期的中國行紀，而且行紀文體的親歷性與權威性也使其對於近代日本人中國認識的轉變與形塑起到潛移默化的作用。三位作者都是受到過傳統舊式教育的漢學者，通過寫作傳達出親歷中國後想像與現實的落差，又以文學家的筆調記錄了晚清社會政治與士民生活的方方面面，在近代中日文化交流與知識轉型上扮演了重要角色。筆者將以漢文筆談為切入點，討論近代中日知識人士圍繞文化交流、知識轉型、文士往來與書籍酬贈等重要議題展開的交際與互動。本文期望通過勾稽相關文獻史料，回歸晚清歷史語境，藉助異域之眼反躬自省。 / In Chinese history, there were always overseas people travelling to China, including Japanese sinologists, many of whom had recorded their impressions of China by composing travelogues. Considering the political implication and the genre application of this kind of materials, this research adopts the term "travelogues about China" to generalize all these records. The time period to be discussed in this research project is the whole Meiji era, namely, from 1868 to 1912, less than half a century, corresponding roughly to the late Qing period. These two countries had undergone tremendous but reversed revolutions during this period. That is to say, when Japan made progress everyday, China, on the other hand, was in an apparent state of decline. Travelogues about China 150 years ago provide people nowadays with a new research angle to comprehend and enter the late Qing history from Japanese sinologists’ perspectives. / Previous research about on Japanese travelogues about China in Chinese during the Meiji Period focused on historical descriptions of Sino-Japanese political relationships, however, the value of cultural exchange and transformation of knowledge between literary elites from both of these two countries remain to be discussed. This research plans to focus on Takezoe Shin’ichirō’s San’un Kyōu Nikki (A Diary of Clouds Hanging between the Mountains and Rain in the Ravines), Oka Senjin’s Kanko Kiyū (Travel Reports for Sightseeing) and Yamamoto Ken’s Enzan Sosui Kiyū (Travel Reports for the Mountains of North China and the Rivers of South China), which were regarded as the three most representative Japanese travelogues about China in Chinese. Respectively, they represented Japanese travel writing about China in the early, the middle and the late Meiji period and indicated that the ending of the traditional Japanese travelogues about China in Chinese was approaching. In addition, they also had a profound impact on the following Japanese travel literature about China. The genre of travelogue also exercised an invisible and formative influence on Japanese views of China in the modern era. All of these three sinologists were educated in the old style and had deep backgrounds of traditional Chinese learning. Through writing, they expressed the distance between imagination and reality after experiencing China for themselves, and various recorded aspects of the late Qing’s social politics and civil life. They played an important role in modern Sino-Japanese cultural exchange and transformation of knowledge. It will also discuss modern Sino-Japanese literati cultural and book exchange, transformation of knowledge and other issues centered on the practice of conversations by writing Chinese. This research hopes to return to the late Qing and reflect on China through its neighbors’ perspectives. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 291-339). / Abstracts also in English.

本論文以「黃牧甫生平及篆刻藝術之研究」為題目，旨在對其生平及篆刻藝術作系統整理和討論。黃牧甫（1849-1908/1909），安徽黟縣人，為晚清最重要的篆刻家之一。由於家庭濡染，自幼便對篆學產生興趣，八、九歲始習刻印。後因太平軍與清軍戰，家園被毀，困苦失學，雙親亦相繼離世，為補生計，被迫離鄉到江西南昌謀生，曾於照相館工作，後遷廣州，改以鬻書治印自給。黃牧甫為晚清集大成的印人，尤對廣東印壇產生源遠的影響，故被譽為「嶺南派」之初袓。 / 黃牧甫初宗「鄧派」鄧石如（1743-1805）、吳讓之（1799-1870），後服膺於趙之謙（1829-1884）的印學主張，取徑「印外求印」，故面貌多樣，印文體勢獨特。又取法漢印模式，講究完整光潔，運以衝刀，不作斷續刻劃，點劃乾淨俐落。尤精於章法，平正而不落呆板，自創一格，繼「鄧派」後於晚清印壇上別樹一幟。 / 在黃印的整理方面，本研究主要以「摹擬期」、「蛻變期」、「成熟期」作為分期，以便探討其不同時期的篆刻特質。據本研究所搜集，黃氏存世印蛻約有二千四百方。它們被整合分析，編成年譜，建構一個系統、完備的資料庫。其中印款資料更提供了珍貴的第一手資料，增補了歷史文獻上的不足。 / 黃牧甫一生治印不斷，作品極豐，然卻失散各地，難以匯集。幸而，其印譜的流傳卻相對豐富，最重要的要數黃氏生前自輯《般若波羅蜜心經印譜》、《黃牧甫自存印譜》及《黃穆甫印存續補》，故印貌得以保存，為後世留下重要的研究資料。當中《黃穆甫印存續補》所錄印拓，更對研究黃氏「成熟期」印風非常重要。由於此譜為海外孤本，且尚未見世，所以目前有關黃牧甫的著述，均未能涵蓋這部重要資料。然在此論文發表前，因得機緣而認識收藏家林章松先生，得其不吝嗇借出此譜作研究之用，確為本研究提供有力依據和借鑒。 / 黃牧甫為晚清重要的篆刻家，具相當高的研究價值，更是探究流派篆刻由傳統走向當代的關鍵人物，惜至今其系統研究卻極之匱乏。本論文將綜合歷史、文化、社會及藝術等不同角度，並借鑒相關學術領域的研究方法和成果，透過文獻及視覺分析，對黃牧甫的生平和篆刻藝術作全面考述，從而建立一份可靠的研究資料，令篆刻藝術史有更大的發展空間。 / Entitled “A Study of Huang Mufu’s Life and Seal Engraving Art, this paper aims to investigate his life and art of seal engraving. Huang Mufu (1849-1908/1909), born in Anhui Province, was one of the most important seal engravers in the late Qing dynasty. / Huang Mufu first learned from Deng Shiru (1743-1805) and Wu Rangzhi (1799-1870) of the Deng school, and later followed the thinking of “seeking artistic links for seal making of Zhao Zhiqian (1829-1884). Therefore, his seals took on various forms and his seal inscriptions were unique. He also drew on the pattern of seals of the Han dynasty, which pursued tidiness and smoothness and applied Swift knife to create clean and neat strokes. He created his own style that was peculiar in the late Qing dynasty and had far-reaching influence on the seal engraving community of Guangdong Province, so he was renowned as the originator of the Lingnan school. / Huang made seals throughout his life and left over rich works. According to the information collected from this research, Huang has about 2,400 seals, which have been analyzed, integrated and chronicled into a systematic and complete database. Many of his seal impressions and colophons provide rare firsthand information for this paper, and hoped to serve as important materials for later studies. Based on the collected sources, this study divided Huang’s career into the imitation, transmutation and maturation stages, in order to discuss his seals’ characteristics in different periods. / There has been an extreme scarcity of studies on this topic. Therefore, this paper made a comprehensive study which involved a survey of the primary and secondary literature on Huang Mufu’s life and career. An analysis of the relevant sources enables his career to be reconstructed on a sound chronological basis, and allows his work to be seen in its proper context. / This study also made an important contribution to a relatively little-studied area of the history of Chinese art. It corrected a number of misconceptions in previous studies and make up literature deficiencies. The aim is to provide a set of reliable data that allows further development of the history of seal engraving art. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 劉浩敏. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-191) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Liu Haomin. / Chapter 第一章 --- 導言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章 --- 晚清文化和黃牧甫的早年生活 / Chapter 第一節 --- 清代美學觀念的轉化 --- p.11 / Chapter 第二節 --- 晚清以前印壇概況 --- p.20 / Chapter 第三節 --- 黃牧甫早年生活考證 --- p.34 / Chapter 第三章 --- 黃牧甫篆刻特質和他僑寓廣州的生活 / Chapter 第一節 --- 黃牧甫篆刻的師承淵源 --- p.51 / Chapter 第二節 --- 名流關係對黃牧甫印風形成的影響 --- p.60 / Chapter 第三節 --- 黃牧甫成熟期印風的主要特色 --- p.90 / Chapter 第四章 --- 黃牧甫晚年生活及其印跡流佈和遺存 / Chapter 第一節 --- 晚年生活和卒年考證 --- p.110 / Chapter 第二節 --- 黃牧甫印壇角色 --- p.118 / Chapter 第三節 --- 存世印跡資料彙整 --- p.130 / Chapter 第五章 --- 黃牧甫存世印譜匯考 --- p.146 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結語 --- p.171 / 參考書目 --- p.175 / Chapter 附錄一 --- 參考圖錄 --- p.192 / Chapter 附錄二 --- 黃牧甫篆刻作品全集 --- p.293

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-08-23T12:16:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Rainho da Silva.pdf: 1014799 bytes, checksum: 31773d3783edbcc02a3c8e879672efa7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-23T12:16:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Rainho da Silva.pdf: 1014799 bytes, checksum: 31773d3783edbcc02a3c8e879672efa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work analyzes the novel Tent of miracles (Tenda dos milagres), by Jorge Amado, published in 1969. It aims to grasp the different voices that cross the narrative, to insert the utopia of the mixed-race Brazilian civilization and to ponder on the narrative construction that deals with the past and the present, in search of a national identity. In order to achieve this objective, some questions arose: to what extent the multifaceted and non-linear narrative of Tent of miracles (Tenda dos milagres) creates a hybrid, mixed-race perspective for the Brazilian society? The following assumptions guide the reflection: Tent of miracles (Tenda dos milagres) articulates the negative aspect of miscegenation, operating a collective consciousness to build a fraternal society; the duplicity of dialogic narrators creates a plot with mixed voices in counterpoint; the character Pedro Archanjo tunes the mind of the author/narrator in the construction of a hybrid utopian society. The work makes a portrait of the miscegenation, racism as well as of the historical formation of Brazil. It also presents the vision of literary criticism regarding both the novel and the author, showing at the same time the critical viewpoint of Jorge Amado. The theoretical framework is centered on scholars such as: Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, Kabengele Munanga, Antonio Candido, Fernando Segolin, Roland Barthes, Paul Zumthor. Among the final considerations, it is emphasized the construction of an Amadian tent - a transgressive and liberating, tough and resilient, insistent and persistent work - preaching a hybrid identity possible for the Brazilian society / Este trabalho estuda o romance Tenda dos milagres, de Jorge Amado, publicado em 1969. Tem como objetivos apreender as diferentes vozes que se cruzam na narrativa, para inscrever a utopia de uma civilização brasileira miscigenada, assim como refletir sobre a construção narrativa que opera o passado e o presente em busca de uma identidade nacional. Para atingir esses objetivos, selecionaram-se os questionamentos: até que ponto a narrativa multifacetada e não linear de Tenda dos milagres inscreve uma perspectiva miscigenada, híbrida, para a sociedade brasileira? Como a narrativa constrói essa utopia? Orientam a reflexão as seguintes hipóteses: Tenda dos milagres articula o caráter negativo da miscigenação, operando uma consciência coletiva na construção de uma sociedade fraterna; a duplicidade de narradores em dialogia constrói uma narrativa miscigenada de vozes em contraponto; a personagem Pedro Archanjo sintoniza o pensamento do narrador/autor na construção de uma sociedade híbrida, utópica. O trabalho faz um recorte sobre miscigenação, racismo e formação histórica brasileira, apresenta também a visão da crítica literária sobre a obra e seu escritor, assim como mostra o posicionamento crítico de Jorge Amado. A fundamentação teórica centra-se em estudiosos como: Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, Kabengele Munanga, Antonio Candido, Fernando Segolin, Roland Barthes, Paul Zumthor. Entre as considerações finais, ressalta-se a construção de uma tenda amadiana – transgressora e libertadora, resistente e resiliente, insistente e persistente – a pregar uma identidade híbrida possível para a sociedade brasileira