Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica mención Literatura / Proyecto Fondecyt de iniciación N°11140911

The stock market crash of 1929 stands today as the largest decline in market value in the history of the United States. Consequently, the event destroyed the wealth of thousands of American families and institutions. On October 28th and 29th, the United States stock market fell 11.3 percent and 12.4 percent respectively, marking the beginning of a down market that lasted over three years, the time period known today as the Great Depression. This paper empirically analyzes the effects felt by each individual industry sector in the crash of 1929, identifying gross and abnormal returns over three major days in the crash. I then compare my findings to previous literature and economic theories, analyzing which sector returns were expected and which were abnormal.

Local governments are adopting both the rhetoric and practices of market-based governance interventions. Imported into these cities are public relations and marketing tactics to sell cities to internal and external audiences alike. Public communication in these cities went from a public information focus hinging on a just-the-facts approach to a public relations and marketing focus on selling and image generation to please customers. Acute attention to image generation leads to the metaphor of municipalities presented in this research - as public relations and marketing firms. Private sector public relations (PR) and marketing firms gain results for their clients, usually in the form of consumer consumption. A city acting as a public relations and marketing firm puts priority on the image-generation potentials of nearly all its governance functions to sell a commodity to customers. To illustrate this, a six-point model was devised of PR and marketing tactics used in cities operating as public relations and marketing firms: branding, media relations, in-house publications, use of volunteers and outside organizations as PR tools, aesthetic and affective appeal, and sustainability and going green. A city using all six is a fully realized PR and marketing firm, as it adopts, adapts and executes the tactics in meaningful ways. An over-reliance on image-generation (PR and marketing) versus substance (information) pushes public organizations through Baudrillard's four phases of the image. The image of the city becomes dissociated with reality, and the government operates in a simulation of itself. This research uses Qualitative Media Analysis (Altheide, 1996) supplemented by a discourse analysis method created for this research - Baudrillardian Discourse Analysis. / Baudrillardian Discourse Analysis examines market-based, consumer-driven, postmodern language found in public organizations because of the governance changes mentioned earlier. Implications for public administration include: developing a model of organizations for other scholars to examine; introducing a discourse analysis method; and showing realizations of postmodern critiques and impacts of market models on cities. / by Staci M. Zavattaro. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-25T11:46:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Ruzza.pdf: 2370761 bytes, checksum: 7d0329944e3730780c62a203227272d9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T11:46:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Ruzza.pdf: 2370761 bytes, checksum: 7d0329944e3730780c62a203227272d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-15 / Centro Universitário Assunção - UNIFAI / The present thesis aims to discuss A. MacIntyre’s thinking, particularly his moral philosophy and his theory of justice, which rescues the ethics of the virtues of Aristotelian-Thomist inspiration in order to overcome the moral chaos which, according to him, dominates the modern society. He imputes this chaos to Enlightenment´s thinking, which has destroyed a consolidated moral tradition, declaring the independence and autonomy of the individual freed from any authority. The Enlightenment and its heirs (Kant, Hume, and British encyclopedists as their main targets), eliminates the idea of a telos in a human action, as well as relationship between fact and value, and introduces an ethics based on first abstract principles, which are unaware from historical traditions and narratives that is recognized by human groups. The individual has become the great artifact of modernity and individualism it´s dominant ideology. Liberalism is the political-social organization that allows the existence of many modern ethics and these ones are product of French and Industrial Revolutions, which has achieved success thanks to its efficiency and practical results. However, the Liberalism has created an apparently neutral system of laws and rules that regulates conflicts between individuals and classes: any ethical referential has been lost and many moral theories has been emerged in opposition to each other, happened because each one of them reflected different interests and conceptions (among which highlighted the emotivism). MacIntyre presents himself as a great critic of Modernity and its products: Liberalism and Individualism. Concentrating our interest on the problem of inequalities, we show that the Macintyrian proposal for a return to the ethics of virtues (especially those of "recognized dependence" and "fair generosity") and the criterion of merit, applies only to small communities, which by nature are more coercive and controlling, but it doesn’t solve the problem of inequalities in complex societies. We concentrate our efforts in following the evolution of justice concepts since the Middle Age until Rawls and Nozick, which reflects the new vision of the human being as an autonomous individual and as a subject of rights. We conclude that MacIntyre's critique reveals itself as a theoretical analysis of moral disorder in modernity, but not as a political project of transformation, especially since he admits that the attempt to re-establish a community-based society would be "ineffective or disastrous” / A presente tese tem o objetivo de discutir o pensamento de A. MacIntytre, particularmente a sua filosofia moral e a sua teoria da justiça, que resgata a ética das virtudes de inspiração aristotélico-tomista para superar o caos moral que, segundo ele, domina a sociedade moderna. Ele atribui origem desse caos ao pensamento iluminista, que destruiu uma tradição moral consolidada, afirmando a independência e a autonomia do indivíduo liberto de qualquer autoridade. Os iluministas e seus herdeiros (sendo Kant, Hume e os enciclopedistas britânicos os seus alvos principais), eliminaram a ideia de um telos da ação humana, assim como a relação fato / valor, e introduziram uma ética fundada em primeiros princípios abstratos, que desconhece as tradições históricas e as narrativas nas quais os grupos humanos de reconhecem. O indivíduo se tornou o grande artefato da modernidade e o Individualismo a sua ideologia dominante. A organização político-social que permite a existência das muitas éticas modernas é o Liberalismo, produto das Revoluções Francesa e Industrial, que alcançou sucesso graças à sua eficiência e aos resultados práticos. Porém, ele criou um sistema aparentemente neutro de leis e regras, que regulam os conflitos entre indivíduos e classes: perdeu-se qualquer referencial ético e surgiram muitas teorias morais em oposição entre si, porque refletem diferentes interesses e concepções (entre as quais se destaca o emotivismo). MacIntyre se apresenta como um grande crítico da Modernidade e dos seus produtos: o Liberalismo e o Individualismo. Concentrando nosso interesse sobre o problema das desigualdades, mostramos que a proposta macintyriana de um retorno à ética das virtudes (em especial, as da “dependência reconhecida” e da “justa generosidade”) e ao critério do mérito só se aplica a pequenas comunidades, que por natureza são mais coercitivas e controladoras, mas não resolve o problema das desigualdades em sociedades complexas. Nossa estratégia foi seguir a evolução do conceito de justiça da Idade Média até Rawls e Nozick, que refletem a nova visão do ser humano como indivíduo autônomo e como sujeito de direitos. Concluímos que a crítica de MacIntyre se revela como uma análise teórica da desordem moral na modernidade, mas não como um projeto político de transformação, sobretudo porque ele admite que a tentativa de restabelecer uma sociedade nos moldes comunitários seria “ineficaz ou desastrosa”

by Yeung Kwok Keung. / Thesis (M.Div.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-78). / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.i / CONTENTS --- p.ii / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- BACKGROUND : ASIAN THEOLOGY AS CONTEXTUAL --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1 --- The Call for Doing Contextual Theology --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Factors leads to the rise of contextual theology --- p.3 / Chapter 2.12 --- Different Models of Contextual Theology --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Constructing Contextual Theology in Asia --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- Summary --- p.12 / Chapter 3. --- SONG'S CONCEPTION OF CONSTRUCTING ASIAN THEOLOGY --- p.14 / Chapter 3.1 --- Doing Theology with Asian Resources --- p.14 / Chapter 3.2 --- Song's concept of culture --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Definition of Culture --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Images and Symbols --- p.20 / Chapter 3.3 --- Song's Doing Theology in Asia --- p.22 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Raw Material and Context of Theology --- p.23 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- ´بReclaim Our Own Asianness' --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- New Orientation in Doing Theology --- p.26 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Doing Asian Theology by Telling Stories --- p.29 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.30 / Chapter 4. --- CRITICAL ASSESSMENTS OF SONG'S THEOLOGICAL PROJECT --- p.32 / Chapter 4.1 --- The Interpretation of Culture --- p.35 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Prejudices in Reading Culture --- p.36 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Reading of Cultural Texts --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Notion of Culture --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Culture and Human Beings --- p.47 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- The Scope of Asian Cultures --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3 --- Reflexivity and Symbolic Domination --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Reflexivity of Theory --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Symbolic Capital and Symbolic Domination --- p.63 / Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.70 / Chapter 5. --- CONCLUSION --- p.72 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.74

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2018-05-28T15:04:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_BeneditoNunesModerna.pdf: 1796969 bytes, checksum: 318b60cf91297478c7d837f6805ba2b2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2018-06-01T18:24:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_BeneditoNunesModerna.pdf: 1796969 bytes, checksum: 318b60cf91297478c7d837f6805ba2b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-01T18:24:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_BeneditoNunesModerna.pdf: 1796969 bytes, checksum: 318b60cf91297478c7d837f6805ba2b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo sobre a crítica literária de Benedito Nunes, dividido em dois volumes, parte de variados gêneros textuais (tentativa de romance, poemas, aforismos, crônicas sobre ciência, poesia, filosofia e religião, entrevistas, crítica de poesia e de romances), ou seja, seus primeiros textos nos seguintes periódicos de Belém do Pará: “Arte Suplemento Literatura”, do jornal Folha do Norte (1946-1951), onde ele inicia sua carreira de crítico de literatura, continuada nas revistas Encontro (1948) e Norte (1952); sua produção em outros periódicos do Brasil, como seus textos no “Suplemento Dominical” do Jornal do Brasil e nos suplementos de O Estado de São Paulo e O Estado de Minas Gerais (ensaios com análises de poemas, romances e filosofia); e ainda seus primeiros livros: O mundo de Clarice Lispector (1966) e O dorso do tigre (1969), livro que o consagra como um dos expoentes da moderna crítica literária da segunda metade do Século XX no Brasil, principalmente das obras de autores que publicam da década 1940 em diante, a exemplo de Clarice Lispector, Guimarães Rosa e João Cabral de Melo Neto. A compilação de textos nos periódicos, além de possibilitar a identificação das principais leituras de Benedito Nunes, incorporadas à concepção de sua crítica, com leituras iniciais dos filósofos cristãos, São Tomás de Aquino, Pascal e especialmente, um precursor do existencialismo, Kierkegaard, que vai ser uma constante nas análises do ensaísta brasileiro, permite traçar a trajetória intelectual de Benedito Nunes, particularmente como crítico literário. Este, posteriormente, vai acrescentar em suas análises as ideias de Sartre e Heidegger. Com relação especificamente a Heidegger, o qual Nunes estuda durante toda a sua vida, verifica-se a concepção ontológica da criação artística pela linguagem verbal, que, para o filósofo alemão corresponde à fundação do ser pela palavra. Com respeito à divisão deste estudo, o primeiro volume contém a trajetória intelectual de Benedito Nunes, bem como as análises do material compilado nos periódicos e de dois livros do crítico brasileiro (O mundo de Clarice Lispector (ensaio), de 1966 e O dorso do tigre, 1969), enquanto que o segundo volume contém uma amostra do material compilado. / This dissertation, about the literary criticism of Benedito Nunes, divided in two parts, is based on a variety of textual genres (attempts to write novels, poems, aphorisms, chronicles on science, poetry and philosophy, interviews, criticism on poetry and novels). In other words, this study is about Nunes‟ first texts on some newspapers of Belém do Pará: “Supplement of Art and Literature”, on the newspaper Folha do Norte (1946-1951), in which the author starts his career as a literary critic, also writing on magazines such as Encontro (1948) and Norte (1952). This study is also based on Benedito Nunes‟ writings on other newspapers of Brazil, such as the “Sunday Supplement” of Jornal do Brasil and on the supplements of journals like O Estado de São Paulo and O Estado de Minas Gerais (texts containing analysis of poems, novels and philosophy); and, still, Nunes‟ first books: O mundo de Clarice Lispector (1966) and O dorso do tigre (1969). The latter causes the writer to be considered one of the exponents of modern literary criticism in the second half of the twentieth century in Brazil, mainly of the works of art of writers who published from the decade of 1940 on, namely, Clarice Lispector, Guimarães Rosa and João Cabral de Melo Neto, just to name a few. The compilation of the texts published on journals, besides enabling the identification of the main readings of Benedito Nunes, which were incorporated to the conception of his criticism, considering some Christian philosophers as Saint Thomas Aquinas, Pascal, and, particularly, a precursor of existentialism, Kierkegaard, which will be constant in the analysis of the Brazilian author, makes it possible to trace the intellectual path followed by Benedito Nunes, specially as a literary critic. The writer will, lately, add the ideas of Sartre and Heidegger to his analysis. Specifically considering Heidegger, who Nunes studies throughout his whole life, it is possible to see the ontological conception of artistic creation by verbal language, which, to the German philosopher, corresponds to the foundation of the self by the word. Regarding the division of this study, the first part contains the intellectual path Benedito Nunes followed, as well as analysis of the material compiled from the newspapers and from the two books of this Brazilian critic. The second part contains a sample of the material which was compiled.

En esta tesis, abordaré el estudio de esta problemática a partir de tres cuentos de este autor: ―De color modesto‖, ―La piel de un indio no cuesta caro‖ y ―Alienación‖. Parto del postulado de que estos relatos ponen en primer plano el problema de las razas y el racismo en el Perú. Quiero demostrar que, en ellos, los personajes performan una identidad social fundada en la raza, que los llevará a reproducir jerarquías propias del discurso colonial. De este modo, la raza, entendida como una categoría fija y esencial, se presenta como un elemento clave sobre el cual se erigirá el ejercicio de poder. Mi hipótesis plantea que las relaciones que establecen los personajes de cada cuento son una representación de los conflictos y antagonismos sociales de esta nación, que surgen como consecuencia de la herencia colonial. En el marco de estas relaciones, el racismo termina imponiéndose para revelar la imposibilidad de una comunidad de iguales y de una mayor movilidad social en el Perú contemporáneo. / Tesis

A presente dissertação tem como propósito, a partir do estudo e apropriação reflexiva da Teoria do Agir Comunicativo de Jürgen Habermas, identificar espaços alternativos no ambiente escolar através dos quais possamos implementar ações didático-pedagógicas e administrativas que oportunizem o aprendizado da razão comunicativa, bem como favoreçam o desenvolvimento de competências alicerçadas na interatividade. Para tanto, partimos de uma abordagem sobre a modernidade, enquanto contextualização geral, enfatizando os movimentos filosóficos através dos quais se criaram as condições que permitiram a formulação do paradigma da subjetividade. Visando desocultar a gênese da alienação nossa reflexão esteve atenta aos elementos que oportunizaram a transformação da razão emancipatória em razão instrumental, ou seja, os motivos circunstanciais que tornaram possível a geração de patologias e a obstrução dos canais da comunicação na sociedade capitalista ocidental. A racionalidade comunicativa, como resultado da reviravolta lingüística, representa uma formulação reflexiva e crítica da razão capaz de oferecer alternativas de ação que possibilitem o resgate, a renovação e a promoção da racionalidade na sua multiplicidade de formas e vozes. Constitui-se num novo paradigma através do qual torna-se viável a análise crítica das patologias sociais e escolares oriundas do processo de racionalização das relações sociais e produtivas, assim como das imagens religiosas e metafísicas do mundo. A racionalidade comunicativa, pelo fato de privilegiar a dialogicidade intersubjetivo-argumentativa, fecunda o mundo escolar com múltiplas possibilidades de ação calcadas no desenvolvimento de competências interativas via aprendizado da racionalidade.

O presente trabalho, cujo objeto visa tematizar o unilateralismo cientificista que vigora no ensino universitário, enseja articular propostas que oportunizem a recuperação do caráter crítico-reflexivo da formação cientifica do estudante de graduação, especialmente nas áreas tecnológicas. Por isso, como prelúdio da pesquisa, articulamos inicialmente, em formato amplo, o problema da autonomização das ciências, a transformação da filosofia e das instituições que, contaminadas pelo teor positivista das teorias científicas, passaram a operar a formação humana. A formulação deste problema teve a intenção de erguer os alvos na direção dos quais vai articular-se a crítica filosófica, especialmente aquela articulada pela Escola de Frankfurt, da qual o autor, cuja teoria tomamos como fio condutor desse trabalho, faz parte, na condição de expoente máximo da segunda geração. Habermas, no âmbito da razão comunicativa, tomando como pano de fundo a tradição filosófica e sociológica, vai reconstruir a idéia de razão e racionalidade e propor a ação comunicativa como mediadora entre teoria e prática, capaz de recuperar a problematicidade nos processos de aprendizagem científica. No âmbito da ação comunicativa o mundo da vida é recuperado da tradição fenomenológica e reconstruído comunicativamente como um saber de fundo a-problemático, que opera, liquidificadamente, os mundos referenciais e suas respectivas pretensões de validade. Tal esforço tem em vista a recuperação da totalidade teórica, prática e estética da razão para contrapor ao unilateralismo cientificista, operado pelo visor estreito da razão instrumental na modernidade. Isso posto, para articular o propósito da tese, na última parte, avançamos reflexões sobre potenciais contribuições que a razão comunicativa pode trazer para jogar luz e imprimir um caráter avisado à formação especializada. Para tanto, três idéias mobilizaram o objetivo proposto: A primeira delas articula-se na busca de aportes teóricos para subsidiar nossa reflexão e pensar sobre o caráter unilateral, superficial e deficitário da razão científica, vigente na formação técnica especializada. O segundo ponto articula-se em torno da reflexão sobre as idéias de Educação e Universidade, ensejando recuperá-las intersubjetivo-discursivamente e ao mesmo tempo discutir os grandes desafios que se anunciam à formação técnica na Universidade contemporânea. Por fim, a terceira ideia engendra um duplo propósito: primeiro, propor o cultivo da razão triafásica em ambientes acadêmicos tecnologicamente formatados, o qual oportunize a formação de um cientista habilitado teoricamente a conhecer e fazer, habilitado praticamente a viver junto com os outros, bem como ser um eu autêntico, realizar-se como pessoa humana e ser feliz e, segundo, visando devolver a problematicidade à formação científica especializada, articulamos propostas de ação que, implementadas junto às Comissões de Graduação, de Pesquisa e de Extensão, poderão iluminar a formulação dos Planos Pedagógicos dos cursos e indicar caminhos para recuperar a formação teórica, ético-moral e estética do futuro cientista. / This paper, having as purpose to deal with scientificist unilateralism present in university education, tries to show suggestions to restore the critical-reflective nature of graduation courses, mainly in technological fields. To begin with, we deal with civilization crisis, sciences autonomy, and changes in philosophy and institutions which, influenced by positivist visions of scientific theories, are present in human education. The stating of this problem involves articulation with Habermas' philosophical criticism of Frankfurt School, whose theory is the heart of this paper. In the scope of communicative reason, Habermas takes philosophical tradition as a background to reconstruct the idea of reason and rationality, and proposes communicative action as a mediating category between theory and practice in order to recover problematicity in scientific learning processes. In the scope of communicative action, life world is taken from phenomenology tradition and recovered in the communicative form as a non-problematic background knowledge, which works in referent worlds and in their validating intentions. Such effort has as purpose to recover theory, practice and aesthetic of reason to oppose them to scientificist unilateralism, guided by a single vision of modern instrumental reason. Thus, to draw up the purpose of this thesis, we make reflections on potential contributions from communicative reason to highlight specialist education, as well as to make it aware of its condition. We adopted three main ideas: one of them searches for theoretical and methodological support to analyze the unilateral, superficial and defective nature of scientific reason present in specialized education. The other involves critical reflection on education and university, trying to make them re-establish their intersubjective nature, and to discuss the big challenges to technical education in contemporary University. Last, the third idea has two purposes: first, the growing of triphasic reason in technical academic contexts to provide students with habilities to know and to practice, to interact with others, to be happy and fulfilled; second, by returning problematicity to specialist scientific education to solve tensions between work-interaction, we propose actions which can be introduced to Graduation, Research and Extension Departments in order to highlight pedagogical design and show the ways to recover theoretical, ethical, moral and aesthetic education of future scientists.

Democracy was one of the many Western ideas that began to be discussed among the Chinese intellectual elite in the last decades of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Liang Qichao (1873-1929), a leader of the 1895-98 Reform Movement, and Hu Shi (1891-1962), a central figure of the 1915-27 New Culture Movement, were two of the most influential proponents of democracy in modern Chinese history. Liang and Hu linked their meanings of democracy with the highest goals for China, national strength and modernity. Liang Qichao was a revolutionary in advocating the opening of participation in politics to people outside the official government structure through his leadership role in the 1895 Protest Petition. His abundant writings on political events and prescriptions for reform aroused the attention of a wider population than had previously considered national issues. Liang promoted political reforms during the years up to the 1911 Revolution, and then took a direct role in politics in the early Republic. Hu Shi expanded on the meaning of democracy to include social and political change. He, too, wrote prolifically and was a key figure in the literary renaissance which aimed to promote education of a broader spectrum of the populace by the use of the vernacular in writing. While Hu did not participate directly in political life, he was a constant advocate of democratic institutions and social and cultural progress. Both Liang and Hu placed a high value on education and tirelessly promoted the exploration of new ideas as the path to modernity. They both harshly criticized the governments under which they worked but preferred gradual reform rather than radical revolution. While their understanding of democracy differed in their generational contexts and personal experiences, they believed that thoughtful participation in politics and society was the core essence of democracy and modernity.