Avec la venue du web 2.0 et de la généralisation de l'usage de l'internet, une nouvelle tranche de la population s'immisce dans les usages de l'histoire. Partant du cas du Kosovo dans l'encyclopédie Wikipédia , il est possible d'observer comment l'usage des nouveaux médias contribue à la construction de la perception et de la représentation des récits nationaux. Quels sont les effets d'une participation par la population générale sur les représentations des nouvelles nations? L'encyclopédie Wikipédia est un symbole du web 2.0 et le Kosovo un exemple de cheminement national actuel avec la proclamation d'indépendance du 17 février 2008. Ceci est sans compter tout le passé récent des Balkans. Cette étude permet d'affirmer que les nouveaux médias de communication ne changent pas la manière d'élaborer les récits nationaux et que l'accroissement de la participation s'inscrit encore dans les théories actuelles dominantes de l'historiographie de ce sujet. Par contre, le web devient essentiel et une vitrine incontournable dans le portrait médiatique actuel pour transmettre ces messages et ainsi influencer la perception des internautes sur la validité ou non d'une indépendance.

An analysis of data from the Community College Survey of Student Engagement and multiyear analysis of pretest/posttest scores in introductory criminal justice courses revealed there was a systemic decline in student engagement and achievement. Because of this analysis, a commercial virtual learning tool (CJI) that purported great success in improving student engagement and performance was identified and implemented on the college's course management application in the spring of 2010. CJI, a comprehensive learning tool that incorporated Web 2.0 activities, such as video, simulations, and study aids, was designed to improve student engagement and performance. The inclusion of Web 2.0 activities was important because the majority of students at Herkimer County Community College are of the Millennial generation, those born between 1979 and 1994. The purpose of this study was to investigate the design and implementation of a VLT, utilizing multiple intelligence theory while specifically targeting Millennial students could improve student engagement and achievement. For this study, the VLT was implemented in two hybrid sections and compared to a traditional section of an introductory criminal justice class. The quasi-experimental design examined the effectiveness of a VLT on student learning, and engagement. Based on the results, the VLT had a positive effect on students' perception of ease of use and usefulness. The students' positive perception led to an increase in student engagement the testing period. The results of the testing revealed that overall students found the VLT beneficial to them as a learning tool and had a positive impact on their course performance. While the VLT did not improve student performance beyond that of the traditional lecture course, there were positive implications in the design of the VLT utilizing multiple intelligence theory as a foundation. The implications of this study involved the impact of the VLT on students' perception of usefulness and ease of use. A VLT designed with multiple intelligence learning tools can improve student engagement and their perception of the tools usefulness and ease of use. It is clear that VLTs' designed with multiple intelligence learning tools should be incorporated as a tool to improve student performance.

In mathematical problem solving, American students are falling behind their global peers because of a lack of foundational and reasoning skills. A specific area of difficulty with problem solving is working non-routine, heuristic-based problems. Many students are not provided with effective instruction and often grow frustrated and dislike math. Through the integration of George Polya's 4-step method and a comprehensive Web 2.0 tool, glogs, students could potentially improve their non-routine problem solving skills. This action research study made an original contribution to the computing technology in education field through a classroom implementation and phenomenological evaluation of glogs as virtual graphic organizers to assist with solving non-routine problems. Employing a qualitative, phenomenological research method for collecting and analyzing data, the researcher utilized both interviews and document analyses. The data was used to determine how students used Polya's 4-step process to assist with solving non-routine mathematics problems in glogs. The results will provide the teacher researcher and other educational professionals with information on the effectiveness of utilizing glogs to assist students with solving these challenging, non-routine problems in the classroom.

The Social Web or ‘Web 2.0’ is focused on the interaction and collaboration between web sites users. It is credited for the existence of tagging systems, amongst other things such as blogs and Wikis. Tagging systems like YouTube and Flickr offer their users the simplicity and freedom in creating and sharing their own contents and thus folksonomy is a very active research area where many improvements are presented to overcome existing disadvantages such as the lack of semantic meaning, ambiguity, and inconsistency. TE is a tagging system proposing solutions to the problems of multilingualism, lack of semantic meaning and shorthand writing (which is very common in the social web) through the aid of semantic and social resources. The current research is presenting an addition to the TE system in the form of an embedded stemming component to provide a solution to the different lexical form problems. Prior to this, the TE system had to be explored thoroughly and then its efficiency had to be determined in order to decide on the practicality of embedding any additional components as enhancements to the performance. Deciding on this involved analysing the algorithm efficiency using an analytical approach to determine its time and space complexity. The TE had a time growth rate of O (N²) which is polynomial, thus the algorithm is considered efficient. Nonetheless, recommended modifications like patch SQL execution can improve this. Regarding space complexity, the number of tags per photo represents the problem size which, if it grows, will increase linearly the required memory space. Based on the findings above, the TE system is re-implemented on Flickr instead of YouTube, because of a recent YouTube restriction, which is of greater benefit in multi languages tagging system since the language barrier is meaningless in this case. The re-implementation is achieved using ‘flickrj’ (Java Interface for Flickr APIs). Next, the stemming component is added to perform tags normalisation prior to the ontologies querying. The component is embedded using the Java encoding of the porter 2 stemmer which support many languages including Italian. The impact of the stemming component on the performance of the TE system in terms of the size of the index table and the number of retrieved results is investigated using an experiment that showed a reduction of 48% in the size of the index table. This also means that search queries have less system tags to compare them against the search keywords and this can speed up the search. Furthermore, the experiment runs similar search trails on two versions of the TE systems one without the stemming component and the other with the stemming component and found out that the latter produced more results on the conditions of working with valid words and valid stems. The embedding of the stemming component in the new TE system has lessened the effect of the storage overhead needed for the generated system tags by their reduction for the size of the index table which make the system suited for many applications such as text classification, summarization, email filtering, machine translation…etc.

Digital images are being created and uploaded online in large numbers and this can be attributed to three main interconnected factors: a change in attitudes towards photography and its role in society; technological advancements in the camera industry; and changes in web technology. Many of these digital images are being uploaded to Flickr, one of the most popular of the new web 2.0 image management and sharing applications. Flickr supports secure storage, sharing, online communities, and tagging. Tagging is intended to aid with the organisation, description, and retrieval of images, and as tagging in Flickr generally relates to personal images (e.g., photographs), the tags assigned are highly subjective. Previous research has investigated motivations to upload and tag images in web 2.0 image management and sharing applications, and types of tags used in web 2.0 image management and sharing applications, and a limited number of studies have attempted to correlate the two, however no research has attempted to correlate the two whilst also taking into account the subjective nature of image tagging. Identifying the discrepancies between why people want to use Flickr, and how they use it can help system designers and users to get the best out of these applications. This thesis compares users’ motivations to upload and tag their images in Flickr with how they tag their images in practice. The study used a quantitative survey methodology consisting of a semi-structured questionnaire to explore user motivations. Tagging practices were investigated via a manual tag classification scheme applied to automatically extracted Flickr tags. The questionnaire results show that Flickr users are primarily motivated to upload their images to Flickr for the purposes of social-communication (i.e., to draw attention to their images for comments and feedback and to express and present aspects of their personality and identity) and for socialorganisation (i.e., so other people can access and view the images uploaded). However, tagging images in Flickr is not associated with the motivation of social-organisation and is instead more closely aligned to social-communication, and self-organisation (i.e., as a way of organising images for personal search and retrieval). Self-communication (i.e., documenting and recording for memory and personal reflection) was not found to be a popular motivation for either uploading or tagging images. Flickr users that are motivated to upload their images for the purposes of self-organisation have the clearest tagging practice and they predominantly use tags that are only meaningful to themselves. Gender, pro account status, number of images, and number of contacts are also strong predictors of tagging practice. However, overall, tagging practice is more closely associated with image content than with the motivation the user has. Although the results show that socialcommunication is the most prominent factor in motivating users to upload their images and in motivating users to tag their images, the findings reveal that users who are motivated to upload their images for the purposes of social-organisation are not using the system to its full potential.

台灣目前行動電話市場已趨向飽和，所以已經擁有了高普及率，那麼高使用率就是下一階段該努力的方向。而加值服務就是促使高使用量的關鍵。 加值服務讓行動電話從「耳朵的時代」轉變成「眼睛的時代」，不再只是接打電話的工具，而是可以下載電影、聽音樂，甚至行動電話不再是工具，而是個人代表。 行動商務的運用需要三個條件。基礎建設的創新、加值服務的應用與手持式裝置的成熟。基礎建設的創新是要讓無線網路的技術穩定、快速且全面無死角，才有辦法談到後續的加值服務。其次是加值服務的應用，加值服務的應用不需贅言，他會是加值應用服務的核心，其必須滿足使用者的需求才有意義。最後則是手持式裝置的成熟，其中包括顯示方式、大小及格式相容等問題。 在強調以人為本的現代社會，行動電話也將從人出發，滿足使用者的需求。所以Mobile 2.0就這樣出現。 所以本研究將以Mobile 2.0概念出發，研究未來行動商務的應用和可能發展的硬體裝置。 / The mobile communication market in Taiwan has reached saturation with cell phones being readily accessible. The focus for future development hence points to increasing the usage of such communication devices, and the key lies in the introduction of accessorial services. These accessorial services allowed telecommunication to evolve from the “age of hearing” to the “age of visualization”. Communication devices no longer serve to simply communicate, but also to download movies and to listen to music. They are no longer used as tools, but as a representation of the user. There are three factors involved in the application of telecommunication in business: infrastructure, accessorial services, and hardware installation. A well-established infrastructure involves a stable, efficient, and well-covered wireless network and enables the use of accessorial services. The application of accessorial services must fulfill the customer's needs. In addition, the installation of hardware must be well developed to be fully compatible between differences in size, graphics, formats, etc. With the modern society taking the idea of individualism as the center, communication devices will do the same to fulfill users' demands. This is the idea behind "Mobile 2.0." The study is based on the ideas of Mobile 2.0 to study future business applications and hardware accessories.

隨著網際網路的興起，公司已能在虛擬的網路環境中提供顧客產品與服務，因此企業品牌形象探討之焦點，逐漸由實體環境轉移至虛擬環境中。然而，網際網路的環境亦不斷地改變，Web 2.0的到來改變了廠商與顧客之間原有的關係。 因此，本研究採用de Chernatony & Christodoulides (2004) 的品牌建構理論以及Davies, Da Silva & Roper (2003) 的企業聲望鏈為基礎，考量Web 2.0網站之特性，以及網站服務品質之相關文獻與量表，歸納出五種品牌屬性，並採用Davies, Chun, Da Silva & Roper (2004) 的企業特性指標 (Corporate Character Scale) 來衡量網路企業品牌形象，最後利用結構方程模式以驗證本研究之假說。 本研究對象以提供Web 2.0服務的無名小站為例，使用便利抽樣法進行抽樣，共計回收377份有效問卷。研究結果發現： 1. 透過結構方程模式的二階模型分析，發現Web 2.0網站所包含的網路企業品牌形象為和藹可親、冒險精神、稱職能力、時髦別緻與不拘禮節等五種人格特性。其中，和藹可親對網路企業品牌形象最具解釋力，其次則為不拘禮節。 2. 使用簡易、隱私安全、顧客關懷、系統穩定與實用滿足等五種品牌屬性均會對網路企業品牌形象產生正面影響。其中又以包含Web 2.0特性之實用滿足對其影響最為顯著。此一結果顯示，除了實體與虛擬環境的差異外，在網路環境中也應考量Web 1.0與Web 2.0環境的特性與差異。 3. 網路企業品牌形象會對滿意度有直接且正面之影響，且須透過滿意度作為中介，進而對忠誠度產生間接的正面影響。

This phenomenological study examines the motivations and experiences of librarians who author professionally-focused Weblogs. I constructed a model of librarianship based on Wilson and Buckland. The results show a close fit between librarian bloggers and the ideals of the field as expressed by two primary library and information science philosophers. A Web survey generated 239 responses to demographic and open-ended questions. Using the results of the survey, I analyzed demographic data and performed a phenomenological analysis of the open-ended questions. A list of category responses was generated from each set of answers via the coding of descriptive words and phrases. Results indicated the motivations of librarian bloggers are based around themes of sharing, participation in community, and enhanced professional development. Respondents reported feeling more connected to the profession and to colleagues across the world because of blogging. Respondents perceived the librarian blogosphere as a community with both positive aspects - feedback, discussion, and support - and negative aspects - insular voices, divides between technologists and librarians, and generational rifts. Respondents also reported an increased ability to keep current, improved writing skills, and opportunities to speak and contribute to professional journals.

Intranät skapar frihet inom en organisation då tid och rum inte påverkar distributionen av information. Men intranätet ställer krav på medarbetaren som själv måste förse sig med information som är relevant för sitt arbete. För att medarbetare ska kunna använda intranätet som ett stöd i det dagliga arbetet krävs rätt förutsättningar. Tillgång, kunskap och ålder är exempel på faktorer som kan påverka användning och attityd. Det bör ligga i organisationens intresse att fånga upp medarbetarnas perspektiv för att kunna förbättra intranätet i takt med intranätets utvecklingsfaser som just nu är i fas fyra, intranät 2.0. Denna studie undersöker därför medarbetares användning och attityd till intranätet på ett stålföretag och om det finns förutsättningar för intranät 2.0.  För att undersöka medarbetarnas användning av och attityder till intranätet och förutsättningar för intranät 2.0 valde vi att genomföra en kvantitativ enkätundersökning på stålföretaget Uddeholm. Det saknas forskning om intranät ur ett medarbetarperspektiv och forskning på industriföretag. Vår undersökning bidrar till förståelse i hur medarbetarna använder intranätet och vilken attityd de har till intranätet. Vi har även undersökt skillnader mellan yrkesgrupperna kollektivanställda och tjänstemän. Det framkom att intranätet används i stor utsträckning av båda yrkesgrupperna. Funktionerna som de använder främst är att läsa nyheter, beställa matlåda och söka medarbetare. När det gäller attityd kunde vi inte heller där identifiera några större skillnader utan båda yrkesgrupperna anser att intranätet är funktionellt, innehållet är tillräckligt och de ser intranätet som en bra tillgång i deras arbete.  Vår studie undersöker också om det finns förutsättningar ur ett medarbetarperspektiv att implementera intranät 2.0. Studien presenterar en modell som vi arbetat fram med stöd från teorier inom organisationskommunikation och medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap. Vår modell kan ge en grundförståelse för om förutsättningarna för intranät 2.0 är bra eller dåliga ur ett medarbetarperspektiv. Modellen består av tre faktorer med motsatsförhållanden. Genom att placera in medarbetarnas preferenser och inställning till dessa faktorer; distribution, kontroll och attityd kan man avgöra om förutsättningarna för intranät 2.0 är bra eller dåliga. Studien visar att förutsättningarna varierar beroende på faktor.

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