Σκοπός της εργασίας αυτής είναι να αναδείξει την σπουδαιότητα του ΔΛΠ 7 για τις Ταμειακές Ροές στην χρηματοοικονομική ανάλυση καθώς επίσης να παραθέσει μια καταγραφή της διεθνής έρευνας σχετικά με το πληροφοριακό περιεχόμενο των Ταμειακών Ροών. Εν συνεχεία γίνεται μια προσπάθεια να αποτιμηθεί η χρησιμότητα των Ταμειακών Ροών από Λειτουργικές, Επενδυτικές και Χρηματοοικονομικές Δραστηριότητες και δίνεται ένα παράδειγμα εμπέδωσης της Κατάστασης Ταμειακών Ροών με την άμεση και την έμμεση μέθοδο. Στην εμπειρική έρευνα, αναλύονται δεδομένα από το Χρηματιστήριο Αθηνών την περίοδο 2005-2007 με έμφαση στα Κέρδη προ Φόρων και στις Λειτουργικές Ταμειακές Ροές. Ειδικότερα εξετάζεται συσχέτιση στα πρόσημα των δύο μεταβλητών με το πρόσημο των αποδόσεων των μετοχών. Τέλος, εξετάζεται η προβλεπτική ικανότητα των Ταμειακών Ροών από Λειτουργικές Δραστηριότητες στα μελλοντικά κέρδη προ φόρων. / Purpose of this assignment is to highlight the importance of the IAS 7 for the Cash Flows Statements on the financial analysis as well to quote a notation of the international research for the “value relevance” of the Cash Flows. In addition to this, there is an attempt to evaluate the usefulness of the Cash Flows from Operating, Investing and Financial Activities and an example of Cash Flow Statement reporting with direct and indirect method is given. In the empirical research, data from the Stock market of Athens for the period of 2005-2007 is analyzed with emphasis to Earnings before Taxes and the Cash Flows from Operating Activities. Specifically a correlation among the operator of the above figures with the operator of the stock returns is examined. In the final part it is investigated the predicted capability of the Cash Flows from Operating Activities to future earnings before taxes.

Orientadora : Profª. Drª. Ana Paula Mussi Szabo Cherobim / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração. Defesa: Curitiba, 25/03/2015 / Inclui referências : fls. 267-281 / Área de concentração: Estratégia e organizações / Resumo: A presente tese tem por objetivo compreender a influência do aporte de recursos oriundos de fundos de venture capital sobre atividades de inovação a partir dos recursos e capacidades organizacionais. Argumenta que fundos de venture capital buscam identificar negócios inovadores com elevado potencial de crescimento, para que com o financiamento mercadológico destas tecnologias, conseguir remunerar o capital aplicado. Para a consecução do objetivo, utilizou-se como caso do estudo o fundo CRIATEC, criado pelo BNDES com o intuito de aplicar recursos em empresas inovadoras. O caso foi explorado por meio de procedimentos de pesquisa quantitativo e qualitativo. No eixo quantitativo foram aplicados 19 questionários com empresas aportadas para identificar os principais recursos e capacidades que sofreram maior influência do aporte de venture capital, bem como identificar a predisposição de inovação das empresas aportadas. No eixo qualitativo foi possível, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com empreendedores, um gestor contratado por uma das empresas aportadas e um dos gestores nacionais do fundo CRIATEC, compreender como o fundo realiza modificações nas empresas aportas e como estas modificações influenciam as atividades de inovação. Os resultados indicam que os principais recursos organizacionais impactados são recursos financeiros, humanos, organizacionais e reputacionais, enquanto as competências que sofreram maior influência se relacionam ao desempenho gerencial, alocação de recursos, identificação de trajetórias e opções gerenciais. Os resultados ainda evidenciam que as modificações empreendidas pelo fundo estão orientadas ao crescimento mercadológico das empresas aportadas, por meio do estabelecimento de planos estratégicos e mecanismos de monitoramento e controle e envolvem, inclusive, a contratação de um gestor financeiro indicado pelo fundo. Conclusivamente, constatou-se, tendo em vista o caso em estudo, que o aporte de venture capital não induz atividades de inovação, podendo, inclusive, inibir este tipo de atividade tendo em vista não apenas as modificações nos recursos e capacidades organizacionais, mas também o marco regulatório que impacta negativamente as empresas que buscam financiar atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento com recursos de subvenção econômica após o aporte. Palavras-Chave: Inovação. Venture Capital. Visão Baseada em Recursos. Capacidades Dinâmicas. CRIATEC. / Abstract: This thesis aims to understand the influence of venture capital funds on innovation activities using the resources and organizational capabilities views. Argues that venture capital funds seek to identify innovative businesses with high growth potential, able to remunerate the capital invested promoting market improvement in the firms.To achieve the goal, was used as a case study the CRIATEC fund, created by the BNDES in order to apply resources in innovative emerging companies. The case was explored by means of quantitative and qualitative research procedures. In the quantitative approach were applied 19 questionnaires with companies that received resources from venture capital to identify the key features and capabilities that have suffered greater influence of the contribution of venture capital as well as identify the innovation level. In the qualitative approach was possible, through semistructured interviews with entrepreneurs, a manager hired by one of the companies that received funds and one of the national CRIATEC managers understand how the fund performs changes in companies and how these changes influence the innovation activities. The results indicate that the main impacted resources are financial, human, organizational and reputational, while the capabilities related to managerial performance, resource allocation, identification of pathways and management options was deeply impacted. The results also shows that the changes undertaken by the fund are oriented by market growth, through the establishment of strategic plans and control mechanisms and monitoring mechanisms that involve even hiring a financial manager appointed by the fund. Conclusively, there was, in view of the case study, the contribution of venture capital does not induce innovation activities, and may also inhibit this type of activity considering not only the changes implemented in resources and organizational capabilities, but also the regulatory framework that negatively impacts the companies seeking to finance research and development activities with economic grant resources after the intake. Keywords: Innovation. Venture Capital. Resource-base View. Dynamic Capabillities. CRIATEC.

Orientadora : Profª. Drª. Ana Paula Mussi Szabo Cherobim / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração. Defesa: Curitiba, 17/03/2015 / Inclui referências / Área de concentração: Inovação e tecnologia / Resumo: O presente estudo versa sobre investimento anjo como fonte de financiamento à inovação. O objetivo é investigar o processo de decisão de investimento dos investidores anjo, desde a seleção de empresas a serem aportadas até os procedimentos adotados ao longo do processo. Quais são os atributos das empresas financiadas? Como acontece o processo de investir? Quais atributos da empresa são importantes? Como a inovação está entre eles? A estratégia de pesquisa é o estudo multicaso, a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com investidores e empreendedores. A revisão teórica permitiu estabelecer a conceituação de investidores anjo e angel capital no universo dos investimentos de capital de risco, bem como estabelecer os atributos considerados na decisão de investimento, levando em conta a lente teórica. A pesquisa de campo confirmou a importância da credibilidade, observada pelos investidores na postura desenvolvida pelos empreendedores e confirmada pelos próprios empreendedores entrevistados, também observou que a busca por projetos inovadores é o atributo mais importante, após ser estabelecida confiança entre investidor e empreendedor. No entanto, refutou a relevância da localização geográfica do investidor anjo em relação às empresas investidas, quando da decisão de investimento. Foram entrevistados cinco investidores anjos e cinco empreendedores, os quais receberam aportes de investimento anjo. Palavras-chave: Investimento anjo, capital de risco, fontes de financiamento à inovação, atributos. / Abstract: The present study focuses on angel investment as a source of finance for innovation. The object is to investigate the angel investors investment decision process, from the selection of companies to be financed to the procedures adopted throughout the process. What are the attributes of funded companies? As the process of investing? Which company attributes are important? Since innovation is among them? The research strategy is the multihulls study from semi-structured interviews with investors and entrepreneurs. The literature review allowed us to establish the concept of angel investors and angel capital in the world of venture capital investments and to establish the attributes considered in the investment decision, taking into account the theoretical lens. The field research confirmed the importance of credibility, observed by investors in posture developed by entrepreneurs and confirmed by the subjects entrepreneurs, one can also observe that the search for innovative projects is the most important attribute after establishing trust between investor and entrepreneur. However, refuted the relevance of geographical location angel investor in respect of invested companies to the investment decision. We interviewed five angel investors and five entrepreneurs, which received angel investment contributions. Keywords: angel investment, venture capital, funding sources for innovation, attributes.

Στην πτυχιακή εργασία που ακολουθεί θα αναπτυχθεί με απλό τρόπο και με σαφήνεια ο σκοπός, το περιεχόμενο, και ο τρόπος σύνταξης και κατάρτισης των καταστάσεων των ταμιακών ροών (Cash Flows statements) σύμφωνα με το Διεθνές Λογιστικό Πρότυπο Ι. A. S. No 7 από θεωρητική και πρακτική άποψη και θα δοθούν δύο παραδείγματα της εταιρίας «SATO Βιομηχανία επίπλων γραφείου Α.Ε.» και της τράπεζας «ALPHA Bank Α.Ε.». Η εργασία αυτή περιλαμβάνει μια σύντομη εισαγωγή για τις οικονομικές καταστάσεις και ειδικότερα για την κατάσταση μεταβολών της χρηματοοικονομικής θέσης. Ακολουθεί μια λεπτομερής ανάλυση για το Κεφάλαιο κίνησης, τις πηγές και τις χρήσεις αυτού. Στη συνέχεια παρουσιάζεται η κατάρτιση της κατάστασης μεταβολών με βάση το Κεφάλαιο κίνησης και το Ταμείο. Ιδιαίτερο, όμως, κεφάλαιο αφιερώνεται για την κατάσταση ταμιακών ροών, σύμφωνα με το Διεθνές Λογιστικό Πρότυπο I.A.S. No 7, ενώ ακολουθούν υποδείγματα και πλήρη παραδείγματα κατάρτισης της κατάστασης των ταμειακών ροών για επιχειρήσεις. / The following thesis will be developed in a simple manner and clearly the purpose, content and method of preparation and training of the cash flows statements in accordance with international accounting standard No 7 from theoritical and practical side and will give two examples, of the company “SATO industry furniture trading S.A.” and the bank “ALPHA BANK S.A.”. This work includes a brief introduction to the financial statements and in particular the statement of changes in a financial position. Below is a detailed analysis of the capital, sources and uses of this. Then the statement of changes in financial position based on working capital and cash flows in accordance with internationa accounting standards No 7, followed by models and full training examples of cash flow for businesses.

Cette thèse examine l’impact de la structure actionnariale sur la structure du capital et la performance des banques commerciales européennes sur la période 2002-2010. Elle est composée de trois essais empiriques. Le premier chapitre teste l'effet de la divergence entre les droits de contrôle et les droits pécuniaires d'un actionnaire ultime sur l’ajustement du ratio du capital à son niveau optimal et sur l’offre de crédit par les banques. Les résultats montrent qu’en présence de divergence entre les droits de contrôle et les droits pécuniaires, les banques n’émettent pas du capital pour augmenter leur ratio et, au contraire, elles réduisent leur taille en ralentissant leur offre de prêts. Le chapitre 2 teste l’effet de cette divergence sur la rentabilité et le risque bancaires en temps normal et en temps de crise. Les résultats montrent que bien qu'une divergence entre les droits de contrôle et les droits pécuniaires soit associée en temps normal à une rentabilité plus faible et un risque plus élevé elle a, à contrario, amélioré la rentabilité et contribué à la résilience des banques pendant la crise financière de 2007-2008. Le troisième chapitre teste si le réseau des actionnaires auquel la banque est liée au sein d’une chaîne de contrôle affecte la relation entre la diversification et la performance. Les résultats montrent que la présence des investisseurs institutionnels dans les chaînes de contrôle aide les banques à tirer des bénéfices lorsqu’elles diversifient leurs activités. / This dissertation examines the role of ownership structure in explaining capital structure and performance of European commercial banks from 2002 to 2010. It comprises three empirical essays. The first chapter explores the effect of greater control rights than cash-flow rights of an ultimate owner on the bank’s capital ratio adjustment and its lending decisions. The results show that whenever control rights exceed cash-flow rights, banks do not issue equity to increase their capital ratio and, instead, downsize by mainly slowing their lending. Chapter 2 provides evidence on how the divergence between control and cash-flow rights affects bank profitability and risk during normal times and distress times. The findings emphasize that during normal times the divergence between control and cash-flow rights is associated with lower profitability and higher risk. Conversely, during the acute financial crisis period (2007-2008), such a divergence improves profitability and banks’ resilience to shocks. The third chapter takes into account differences in the strength of ownership network to which banks belong when assessing the effect of greater activity diversification on bank performance. The results show that diseconomies of diversification vanish the stronger is the ownership network surrounding the bank in the control chain. Such mitigating roles are attributable to the presence of domestic and foreign institutional owners in the pyramid.

Cette thèse constituée de trois essais s’intéresse aux déterminants de la maturité de la dette des sociétés. Le premier essai examine le lien entre la structure de l’actionnariat et la maturité de la dette à partir d’un échantillon de sociétés françaises. Nos résultats montrent que le contrôle par la dette à court terme peut, dans une certaine mesure, se substituer aux mécanismes traditionnels de gouvernance tels que la structure de l’actionnariat. Le second essai étudie la relation entre la qualité de l’information financière et la maturité de la dette à partir d’un échantillon de sociétés européennes. Nous étudions particulièrement l’effet de la gestion des résultats sur la maturité de la dette. Nous montrons alors que la gestion des résultats a un effet négatif sur la dette à long terme dans la structure de dette des firmes. En outre, nous observons que le lien négatif entre la gestion des résultats et la dette à long terme ne tient que dans les pays de droit civil. Enfin, le troisième essai analyse dans le contexte français du co-commissariat aux comptes, si la présence d’auditeurs réputés dans le collège de commissaires aux comptes est associée à la maturité de la dette. Il ressort de cette étude que la présence des auditeurs du Big 4 est associée positivement à la dette à long terme. / This thesis consists of three essays aims to examine the determinants of corporate debt maturity. The first essay examines the link between ownership structure and debt maturity using a sample of French companies. Our results show that the monitoring by short-term debt can, to a certain extent, to be a substitute for traditional governance mechanisms such as ownership structure. The second essay examines the relation between financial reporting quality and debt maturity using a sample of European companies. We study specifically the effect of earnings management on debt maturity. We find that firms with high earnings management activities are associated with less long-term debt. In additional analysis, we observe that the negative link between earnings management and long-term debt holds only in code law countries. Finally, the third essay analyzes in the French context of joint audit, whether the presence of reputable auditors is associated with debt maturity. The study shows that appointing Big 4 auditors is positively associated with long term debt.

Dans cette thèse nous nous intéressons à comprendre comment les entrepreneurs sociaux créent de la valeur. Notre objectif est de modéliser le processus de création de valeur que nous avons observé sur un projet de circuits courts à travers d’une méthodologie de recherche intervention. La sociologie de la traduction et l’analyse de discours ont été mobilisés pour rendre compte de la complexité dans la définition, la perception et le partage de la valeur du dit projet d’entreprise social. Nous voulons démontrer que la création de valeur dans l'entrepreneuriat social est un processus de traduction interactif, dynamique et complexe, parmi une multitude des visions et représentations sur la satisfaction des besoins, propres à chaque partie prenante, qui vont toucher ne pas seulement au domaine de la conception, réalisation et valorisation de l’activité économique, mais aussi leurs répercussions dans le domaine social et environnemental. Nous avons observé que les entrepreneurs sociaux construisent la valeur de leur projet en repérant un besoin social, ou en s’engageant dans une idéale de société, qu’ils vont incorporer à son échelle personnelle des valeurs, fruit d’un contexte et d’une histoire particulière. Cette appropriation va déterminer l’intentionnalité de leur action entrepreneuriale dont la pérennité dépendra du soutien du réseau et de la cohérence globale de l’organisation elle-même. Nous avons proposé donc, au niveau terrain l’amélioration d’un outil heuristique pour accompagner la création de valeur, et au niveau théorique un cadre pour comprendre l’agir des entrepreneurs et la perception de leurs parties prenantes / In this thesis, we are interested in understanding how social entrepreneurs create value. Our goal is to model the process of value creation that we observed on a short supply chain project through an action research methodology. The sociology of translation and discourse analysis have been used to take into account the complexity of the definition, the perception and the process of sharing the value of a social enterprise project. We want to demonstrate that value creation in social entrepreneurship is an interactive, dynamic and complex translation process. It takes into account a multitude of visions and representations on the satisfaction of the needs of each stakeholder that will affect not only the design and the implementation of economic activity, but also their social and environmental impact. We have observed that social entrepreneurs construct the value of their project by identifying a social need, or by committing themselves to a societal ideal that they will incorporate into their values on a personal scale. This adoption process will determine the intentionality of their entrepreneurial action, the sustainability of which will depend on the support of their network and the overall coherence of the organization itself. We therefore proposed, at the field level, the improvement of a heuristic tool to support value creation and, at the theoretical level, a framework for understanding social entrepreneurship based on the actions of entrepreneurs and the perception of their stakeholders

Portés par des changements technologiques, des cadres juridiques nouveaux, une demande de financement croissante de la part des entreprises innovantes et une montée en maturité des opérateurs du marché, les professionnels du financement de l’innovation ont pour partie modifié leurs pratiques et de nouveaux outils émergent. Ces nombreuses évolutions posent des questionnements théoriques essentiels.La thèse vise à investiguer trois de ces modes de financement. Le premier, les Social Impact Bonds (autrement dénommés en France Contrats à Impact Social) sont un mode de financement de l’innovation sociale non entrepreneuriale apparu en 2010 en Grande-Bretagne. Le second outil analysé est celui du financement participatif (crowdfunding). Forme émergente de financement des projets entrepreneuriaux par la foule sur internet, il connait une croissance forte depuis une décennie. La thèse questionne l’impact du degré d’innovation sur la réussite des campagnes. Le troisième et dernier outil évoqué dans la thèse est celui des fonds de Multi Corporate Venture Capital (MCVC), et leurs formes organisationnelles. / Driven by technological change, new legal frameworks, growing demand for cash from start-ups, and a growing maturity of market operators, innovation finance professionals have partly modified their practices. On the one hand, traditional financing tools have modernized their organizations and methods, and on the other, new forms of financing have emerged. These numerous evolutions open essential theoretical questions, while questioning the traditional theories of the financing of innovation as well as suggesting new theoretical considerations.The thesis investigates three of these modes of financing. The first, the Social Impact Bonds (otherwise known as Contrats à Impact Social, in France) are a way of financing the non-entrepreneurial social innovation that appeared in 2010 in Great Britain. The second tool analyzed is about equity crowdfunding. Emerging form of financing entrepreneurial projects by the crowd on the internet, it knows a strong growth since a decade. The thesis analyzes the impact of innovation degree on campaigns’ success. The third and last tool mentioned in this thesis is that of the funds of Multi Corporate Venture Capital (MCVC).

L’objet de la présente recherche vise à donner un éclairage théorique, méthodologique et pratique de l’augmentation de capital étudiée dans un contexte de crise. En effet, le cadre conceptuel de cette recherche a porté sur les termes suivants : augmentation de capital, difficulté financière, signaux annonciateurs de la situation difficile, notion d’entreprise en situation difficile et plus particulièrement sur la théorie de signalisation et sur la théorie de la lecture optionnelle du bilan. Il convient d’affirmer que ce cadre théorique a eu pour intérêt de « contextualiser » et de délimiter le sujet de recherche. Pour affiner la délimitation du sujet, une étude exploratoire a été réalisée. Elle a permis d’identifier les indicateurs de la situation difficile et de tester la méthodologie d’étude d’événement sur un cas. Enfin, pour valider cette recherche et pour permettre la généralisation des résultats, la méthodologie d’étude d’événement a été appliquée à un échantillon de 30 cas d’entreprises en situation difficile. Le but de cette étude a été de mesurer la création ou la destruction de la valeur actionnariale observable lors du lancement de ce type d’opération qui permet de mesurer les réactions des actionnaires anciens. Par ailleurs, pour mieux appréhender la perception des investisseurs sur ce type d’opération, la recherche s’est orientée vers les analyses de sens et textuelles lexicales. Au final, le sujet étudié peut s’appréhender comme un financement de dernier recours pour les sociétés en situation difficile. / The aim of the present research is to provide a theoretical lighting, methodology and practical of the capital increase studied in a context of crisis. Indeed, the conceptual framework of this research focused on the precision of terms such as capital increase, financial difficulty, covenant of difficulty, concept of enterprise in difficulty and in particular on the indication of theories namely signaling and the balance sheet optional reading. We wish to emphasize that this framework has had interest to « contextualize » and to delimit the research topic. And to improve the delimitation of the topic, an exploratory study was conducted and it has identified the indicators of difficulty and test the event study methodology on a case. Finally, to validate this research and to allow generalization of results, event study methodology was applied to a sample of 30 cases of companies in difficulty. The aim of study was to measure the creation or destruction of shareholder value observable at the launch of this type of operation to measure the reactions of former shareholders. Furthermore, to better understand the perception of investors in this type of operation, the research is oriented analyzes of lexical meaning and textual. In the end, the topic studied can be apprehended as a last resort financing for companies in difficulty.