Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-03-09T14:47:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA16MA201.pdf: 1020205 bytes, checksum: d956db0f093e7d366bba8bbcc7198546 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-09T14:47:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA16MA201.pdf: 1020205 bytes, checksum: d956db0f093e7d366bba8bbcc7198546 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-13 / UNIEDU / FUMDES / The biosynthesis of lipids is dependent of a coordinated action of several lipogenic enzymes, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACC-α) and fatty acid synthase (FASN), in different tissues. This study evaluated the gene expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACC-α) transcripts tissue-specific expressed from promoters I, II and III (PI, PII and PIII), fatty acid synthase (FASN), leptin and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) in mammary gland and adipose tissues of lactating ewes at three different stages of lactation. Eight crossbred Lacaune/Texel ewes weighing 62 ± 1.8 kg (mean ± SE), with mean parity number of 3.1 ± 0.23 and producing 0.94 ± 0.12 kg milk/d were used in three different stages of lactation (days in milk-DIM): a) Early, (15 DIM), b) Mid, (70 DIM) and; c) Late (120 DIM). Biopsies were taken after the morning milking, the total RNA was extracted, complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesized and qRT-PCR analysis carried out. The gene expression data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS using the geometric mean of two housekeeping genes, ribosomal protein S18 (RPS18) and beta actin (β-ACT), as a covariate. In mammary tissue, PII transcripts were reduced 82, 93 and 59% between early and mid, early and late and mid and late stages of lactation. PIII transcripts were decreased 73, 89 and 59% between early and mid, early and late and mid and late, respectively. Gene expression of FASN was reduced respectively, 54 and 83% in mid and late stages compared to early lactation. In mammary tissue SREBP1 was decreased 33 and 42% between early and late and mid to late lactation. In adipose tissue, the expression of PI transcripts was increased more than 30 fold between early and mid lactation. There is an adaptation for fatty acid synthesis in adipose and mammary tissues to meet the demands of lactation is associated with changes in gene expression of the transcription factor and codifying genes involved in fat synthesis in both tissues / A biossíntese de lipídeos é dependente de uma ação coordenada de várias enzimas lipogênicas, como a acetil-CoA carboxilase alfa (ACC-α) e a ácido graxo sintase (FASN) em diferentes tecidos. Este estudo mensurou a expressão gênica dos transcritos tecido-específicos oriundos de diferentes regiões promotoras I, II e III (PI, PII e PIII) do gene da ACC-α e transcritos da FASN, leptina e da SREBP1 na glândula mamária e no tecido adiposo de ovelhas lactantes em três diferentes estágios de lactação. Oito ovelhas mestiças Lacaune/Texel pesando 62 ± 1,8 kg (média ± SE), com média de parições de 3,1 ± 0,23 e produzindo 0,94 ± 0,12 kg leite/d foram utilizadas em três diferentes estágios de lactação (Dias em lactação - DEL): a) Inicial (15 DEL), b) Intermediário (70 DEL) e c) Final (120 DEL). As biópsias da glândula mamária e do tecido adiposo foram coletadas após a ordenha da manhã, o RNA total foi extraído, o DNA complementar (cDNA) foi sintetizado e análises de qRT-PCR foram realizadas. A expressão gênica foi analisada utilizando o procedimento MIXED do SAS usando a média geométrica de dois housekeeping genes, proteína ribossomal S18 (RPS18) e beta-actina (β-ACT), como covariável. No tecido mamário os transcritos do PII reduziram 82% entre os períodos inicial e intermediário, 93% inicial e final e 59% entre o período intermediário e final. Os transcritos do PIII decresceram respectivamente 73, 89 e 59% entre os períodos inicial e intermediário, inicial e final e intermediário e final. A expressão gênica da FASN na glândula mamária reduziu respectivamente 54 e 83% quando o período inicial foi comparado com os períodos intermédiario e final. No tecido mamário a expressão da SREBP1 decresceu 33 e 42% entre o período inicial e final e entre o intermediário e final. No tecido adiposo a expressão do transcrito PI aumentou mais de 30 vezes entre os períodos inicial e intermediário. Há uma adaptação para a síntese de ácidos graxos nos tecido adiposo e mamário a fim de suprir as demandas fisiológicas da lactação, associada à mudanças na expressão gênica dos fatores de transcrição e genes envolvidos na síntese de lipídeos em ambos os tecidos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:32:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_daiane_benemann.pdf: 778748 bytes, checksum: 5f3a1eba7b00cb2cf702e1d46bc5e43b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-18 / The objective of this work is to seek a protocol for regeneration of the melon (Cucumis melo L.) cv. Gaucho and subsequent genetic transformation of this fruit. To this end were conducted three experiments. In the first, the cotyledons were divided into 2, 3, 4 and 5 equal parts, and inoculated with MS medium containing 30 g L sucrose, 0.9 mg L-1 BAP, 0.3 mg L-1 ABA and 2.2 g L-1 CaCl2. It was observed that the number of cuts not influenced the percentage of explants regenerated. In the second experiment, using the same means of cultivation of the previous experiment, the cotyledons were submitted to different densities of flow of photons. It was found that the regenerative process was not affected by the absence or presence of light (2 and 21 μmol m-2 s-1), but when the explants remained in the dark had greater formation of callus. In the third experiment sought to establish conditions for seed germination and its effect on the regeneration under different concentrations of BAP. It was the highest rate of explants regenerated lower when the period of germination in the middle and lower the concentration of BAP in the regenerative. After obtaining the protocol for regeneration, was conducted test of sensitivity of explants the selection of antibiotic, setting up the concentration of 75 mg L-1, kanamycin as ideal to select the cells transformed. For the regeneration of the shoots explants were cultivated in MS medium containing 0.9 mg L-1 BAB, 0.3 mg L-1 ABA, 2.2 g L-1 CaCl2, 75 mg L-1 kanamycin and 250 mg L-1 cefotaxime. For the genetic transformation was used Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404, with a clone of ACC oxidase in antisense orientation, called pAP4as. However, it was not confirmed by inserting the sequence, the PCR test, the tissue analyzed. It was found that these studies were not described with Agrobacterium efficient to obtain seedlings containing the antisense gene of ACC oxidase. It was found that these studies were not described with Agrobacterium efficient to obtain seedlings containing the antisense gene of ACC oxidase. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um protocolo eficiente de regeneração para o melão (Cucumis melo L.), cv. Gaúcho, visando posterior transformação genética do mesmo. Para tal fim foram realizados três experimentos. No primeiro, os cotilédones foram divididos em 2, 3, 4 e 5 partes iguais e, inoculados em meio MS contendo 30 g L-1 de sacarose, 0,9 mg L-1 BAP, 0,3 mg L-1 ABA e 2,2 g L-1 CaCl2. No segundo experimento, utilizando o mesmo meio de cultura do experimento anterior, os cotilédones foram submetidos a diferentes densidades de fluxo de fótons. No terceiro procurou-se estabelecer as condições para germinação das sementes e sua influência na regeneração cotiledonar sob diferentes concentrações de BAP. Observou-se que cotilédones seccionados em 5 partes apresentaram maior média de explantes regenerantes. Já os cotilédones que permaneceram sob intensidade luminosa de 2 μmol m-2 s-1 apresentaram maior média de explantes regenerantes e os que ficaram no escuro apresentaram maior média de explantes com calos e raiz. Observou-se também que quanto maior o período germinativo e maiores concentrações de BAP no meio regenerativo, menor é a taxa de explantes regenerantes. Após a obtenção do protocolo de regeneração, foi realizado teste de sensibilidade dos explantes ao antibiótico de seleção, determinando-se a concentração de 75 mg L-1 de canamicina como ideal para selecionar as células transformadas. Para a regeneração de brotações os explantes foram cultivados em meio MS contendo 0,9 mg L-1 BAP, 0,3 mg L-1 ABA, 2,2 g L-1 CaCl2, 75 mg L-1 canamicina e 250 mg L-1 cefotaxima. Para a transformação genética, foi utilizado Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404, com um clone da ACC oxidase em orientação antisense, denominado pAP4as. Entretanto, não foi confirmada a inserção da seqüência, pelo teste de PCR, nos tecidos analisados. Verificou-se que estes estudos descritos com Agrobacterium não foram eficientes para a obtenção de plântulas contendo o gene antisense da ACC oxidase.

Syftet med vår undersökning är att bidra till större kunskap om pedagogers syn på användandet av Tecken som Alternativ och Kompletterande Kommunikation (TAKK) i förskolan. Metoden vi har valt för undersökningen är kvalitativ metod. Resultatet som studien gett visar att forskare anser att tecken är ett naturligt alternativ för yngre barn att uttrycka sig genom innan de börjar tala, vilket bland annat en amerikansk studie pekar på. TAKK visar sig enligt våra informanter vara ett bra språkstöd för alla barn, inte bara för de som har en språkstörning. Våra tankar stärks av förskolans läroplan (Lpfö 98 rev.2010) som menar att alla barn ska ha rätt att uttrycka sig, men alla har inte möjlighet att formulera sig genom det verbala språket. För de barn som inte har ett talat språk kan språkstöd vara ett alternativt sätt att kommunicera med. Det som fastställts i undersökningen är att utformningen av miljön där barnet vistas är betydelsefull i sammanhanget. Vårt primärmaterial visar att miljön bör vara tecknande annars begränsas kommunikationen för barnet. Det har visat sig att det finns synonymer i TAKK, likt dialekter, något som vi och informanterna har olika uppfattningar om. Det kan ses som positivt att få fler ord att uttrycka sig med eller negativt då inte samma språk talas. Litteratur och informanter är samstämmiga där mycket positivt har konstaterats gällande barn och språkstöd.

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), which is a smart combination of pre-existing cruise control and time gap control, plays a major role in rendering driving comfort for the drivers. Currently available ACC system allows the vehicle to maintain the set speed and to automatically adjust the speed to keep up the fixed distance to the vehicle ahead. Here, the speed and the distance are set as per user preferences. Each individual user has their own perceptions and preferences but the existing ACC system lacks the property of user adaption. Hence, this thesis focuses on automatizing the distance settings of the ACC system, which can be adapted to each individual users. In order to incorporate the property of user specific distance setting for ACC, the most relevant contexts in which a change in ACC distance needed is sorted out and a standard distance setting is assigned. Reinforcement-Learning strategies are handled where by the pre-existing distance settings can be modified and adapted to the user once they start driving.

Les progrès dans les domaines des véhicules autonomes, l'hybridation du groupe motopropulseur et les systèmes de transport intelligents (STI) signifient que l'automobile en tant que machine est sur le point d'être réinventée. Les trois domaines technologiques sus-cités ont ouvert des portes sur des avancées possibles au niveau de l'amélioration de la sécurité routière et de l'efficacité énergétique des véhicules qui étaient auparavant limitées en raison de plusieurs facteurs, comme les capacités de détection et de puissance de calcul. Dans ce contexte, un contrôleur de la dynamique longitudinale du véhicule électrique est mis au point et étudié de façon à réaliser un compromis entre sécurité et efficacité du véhicule. Ce système est appelé Smart And Green Adaptive Cruise Control (SAGA).Le développement de cette fonction est basée sur l'optimisation de l'énergie ainsi que sur des stratégies de régénération d'énergie en respectant les contraintes des composants du groupe motopropulseur comme la charge de la batterie, la capacité de freinage du moteur et de la situation courante dans le trafic routier. Dans ce processus, des techniques d'optimisation comme la programmation dynamique et la stratégie de minimisation de la consommation d'énergie équivalente (ECMS) sont utilisés. Utilisant des modèles d'énergie du véhicule et des modèles cinématiques intégrés sur Matlab-Simulink, ce travail de thèse évalue les avantages et les limites de l'utilisation de la fonction SAGA pour diverses topologies de véhicules pour différents scénarios de trafic. / The progress in the fields of autonomously driven vehicles, powertrain hybridization and Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) means that the automobile as a machine, is on the verge of reinvention. The aforementioned three fields of technologies have opened doors to advanced opportunities in improvement of safety and efficiency of vehicles which were earlier limited due to several factors like sensing capacities and computational power.In this context, a vehicle longitudinal motion controller is developed and investigated which will actively balance vehicle safety and efficiency. It is named as the Smart and Green Adaptive Cruise Control System (SAGA). Development of this function is based on optimization of energy supply as well as energy regeneration strategies with respect to powertrain component constraints like battery charge acceptance, motor braking capacity and traffic situation. In this process, optimization techniques like Dynamic programming and Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS)are used. Using vehicle energy and kinematic models built in Matlab-Simulink platform, this dissertation evaluates the advantages and limitations of using SAGA function for various vehicles topologies and in different traffic scenarios.

No description available.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / An Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system is a driver assistance system that assists a driver to improve driving safety and driving comfort. The design of ACC controller often involves the design of a switching logic that decides where and when to switch between the two modes in order to ameliorate driving comfort, mitigate the chance of a potential collision with the preceding vehicle while reduce long-distance driving load from the driver. In this thesis, a new strategy for designing ACC controller is proposed. The proposed control strategy utilizes Range vs. Range-rate chart to illustrate the relationship between headway distance and velocity difference, and then find out a constant deceleration trajectory on the chart, which the following vehicle is controlled to follow. This control strategy has a shorter elapsed time than existing ones while still maintaining a relatively safe distance during transient process. String stability issue has been addressed by many researchers after the adaptive cruise control (ACC) concept was developed. The main problem is when many vehicles with ACC controller forming a vehicle platoon end to end, how the control algorithm is designed to ensure that the spacing error, which is the deviation of the actual range from the desired headway distance, would not amplify as the number of following vehicles increases downstream along the platoon. In this thesis, string stability issues have been taken into consideration and constraints of parameters of an ACC controller are derived to mitigate steady state error propagation.

Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) precipitation is modeled using particle nucleation, growth, and aggregation. The particles are tracked in terms of their radial size and particle density using direct quadrature method of moments (DQMOM). Four separate nucleation models are implemented and are compared to experimental data. In discord with a recent study, it is shown that classical nucleation, coupled with equilibrium chemistry, is in good agreement with experimental data. Novel nucleation mechanisms are presented which fit the experimental data with slightly greater accuracy. Using equilibrium chemistry it is shown that the equilibrium value of ACC is pKeq = 7.74 at 24C, which is a factor of two smaller than the originally published equilibrium constant. Additionally, legacy equilibrium chemistry expressions are shown to accurately capture the fraction of calcium carbonate ions formed into ACC nano-clusters. The density, solubility, and water content of ACC are discussed in a brief review, finding that a wide variety of properties are reported in the literature. Based on literature findings, it is proposed that the broad variety of reported properties may be due to ACC having several unique thermodynamic states. Compelling evidence is presented exposing errors made by experimentalists studying the calcium carbonate system. The errors correct for mistakes of experimental kinetic data of the chemical-potential cascade of calcium carbonate due to the formation of meta-stable phases. Correlations are presented which correct for these mistakes. A time-scale analysis shows the overlapping of kinetic scales and mixing scales within the calcium carbonate system. The kinetic scales are based on classical nucleation theory, coupled with diffusion limited growth. The mixing scales were computed using one-dimensional turbulence (ODT).

Syftet med studien var att skapa större förståelse för hur AKK bidrar till inkludering och delaktighet i förskolan samt om det förekommer hinder i användningen av AKK. Studien utgick från en kvalitativ ansats där verksamma förskollärare intervjuades. Det insamlade materialet analyserades utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv och en tematisk analysmetod. Resultatet visade att AKK anses gynna barns inkludering och delaktighet i förskolan. Förskollärare strävar efter att AKK är lättillgängligt för alla barn för att gynna barns språkutveckling och kommunikation trots hinder som kan förekomma. Slutsatsen av den genomförda studien är att AKK kan användas i dagliga verksamheten för alla barn för att det bidrar till barns inkludering och delaktighet.

No description available.