In den letzten 26 Jahren konnte ein starker Anstieg von HIV-1 auf globaler Ebene beobachtet werden. Die außergewöhnliche Vielfalt von HIV-1 wird begründet durch die hohe Mutationsrate, starke Replikation, häufige Rekombination und strategische Verteilung von N-linked glycosylation sites. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die genetische Variation von HIV-1 mit besonderem Fokus auf der Rekombination und den N-linked glycosylation sites untersucht.

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The khanka or monastic mosque, was first established in Cairo by Saladin, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, in 1171. Prior to this time, residents of the khanka, better known as Sufis - the ascetics of Islam were a group of mobile mystics who travelled widely seeking knowledge and truth of divinity and creation. It was during the Mamluk period (1250-1517) however, that the khanka gained popularity. It was normally constructed as part of a larger complex which housed other pious functions. It became commonplace among Mamluk sultans to attach their mausoleums to these khanka complexes, thus giving the khanka ultimate social and religious significance.Due to this significance, khankas, were among the first building types to face destruction upon the downfall of Mamluk rule. Unfortunatley, the deterioration of the khanka, institution has continued to this present day. In fact the khanka, institution and its architecture are slowly disappearing.In an effort to help preserve the vanishing architecture of the khanka institution, the khanka, of Sultan Al-Ashraf Barsbay, one of great architectural significance, was selected for the topic of this thesis. A reconstruction and restoration proposal is presented following complete historical, social and arcitectural research and documentaion. This proposal is based on a research methodology established for application to this and other historical buildings which may be approached for documentation and analysis.The reconstruction of the missing portions of the complex is important for the preservation of an almost extinct building type. The Khanka of Al-Ashraf Barsbay presents an interesting challenge in several repects: understanding the elements of Mamluk architecture as a distinct building style, identifying elements of islamic architecture, and finally applying this knowledge of architecture to the process of reconstruction within the framework of national and international preservation standards. / Department of Architecture

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2019-02-07T11:30:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Eliziane Manosso Streiechen.pdf: 3519479 bytes, checksum: bc2afe5b8688c4e6e13ac659934094d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-07T11:30:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Eliziane Manosso Streiechen.pdf: 3519479 bytes, checksum: bc2afe5b8688c4e6e13ac659934094d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-07 / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o percurso escolar de um estudante ouvinte, bilíngue e com altas habilidades/superdotação (AH/S), filho de mãe surda, que vive em um contexto familiar, onde há cinco línguas envolvidas: Ucraniana, Portuguesa, Alemã, Inglesa e a Libras. A questão problemática investigada é: quais as implicações que esse contexto multilíngue, bem como as AH/S podem trazer para a escolarização do sujeito? O histórico do percurso escolar analisado inicia-se no 1º ano e segue até o 9º ano do ensino fundamental, que compreende as idades entre seis e quatorze anos do sujeito. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas escolas localizadas em uma cidade do interior do Estado do Paraná, onde o sujeito reside com os pais e avós maternos. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com professores, psicólogos, diretores, equipe pedagógica, familiares e com o próprio sujeito. Dados de outros estudos (STREIECHEN, 2014) também serão retomados com a finalidade de discutirmos questões linguísticas e escolares do sujeito em questão. Esta pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, de cunho etnográfico, apoiada em um estudo de caso. A Análise Textual Discursiva (MORAES; GALIAZZI, 2016) foi a Metodologia utilizada para a análise dos dados, uma vez que esse modelo oferece a oportunidade de o pesquisador mergulhar, de um modo mais profundo, na interpretação dos dados, com o compromisso de gerar novas teorias e/ou pressupostos. A Psicanálise foi a Teoria utilizada para respaldar a análise dos dados, visto que essa abordagem aponta conceitos de interesse para a compreensão da relação professor/aluno, entre os quais está a importância da fala e do desejo do educando na aquisição do conhecimento, bem como da escuta mais atenta por parte dos docentes para conhecer o aluno em sua plenitude. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam, entre outros aspectos que: os desafios de aprendizagem do sujeito, nos anos iniciais, não foram relacionados às AH/S, pelo fato de os professores não as identificarem; seu modo peculiar de escrever não foi associado ao seu contexto multilinguístico e/ou às AH/S, mas tomada como erro, uma vez que os professores desconheciam as línguas que envolviam esse sujeito; a ênfase dos docentes estava mais inclinada às dificuldades e menos às habilidades desse aluno. Isso fez com que as dificuldades se acentuassem cada vez mais, levando o educando a desenvolver repúdio pela escola e um total desinteresse pelos estudos. Nossas conclusões inferem para a dificuldade que alguns docentes encontram ao se depararem com alunos com condições peculiares de aprendizagem, visto que, engessados em suas estratégias tradicionalistas e seculares, ficam impossibilitados de ouvir e conhecer o aluno, desconsiderando a vida que fica além dos muros da escola. Portanto, nossa tese é de que, por não carregarem o estereótipo da deficiência, tanto os alunos com AH/S quanto os filhos de pais surdos, tornam-se invisíveis aos olhos de muitos educadores, ficando à margem e fadados ao ‘fracasso’. Defenderemos, portanto, a importância de esses alunos receberem uma atenção especial, por parte da escola, a fim de que não sejam excluídos de um efetivo processo de ensino e aprendizagem. / This study aimed at analyzing the school trajectory of a hearing student, who: is bilingual with high abilities/giftedness (HA/G); has a deaf mother; lives in a familiar context, in which five languages are involved: Ukrainian, Polish, German, English, and Libras. The research question that guided this study was: what are the implications that this multilingual context, as well as the HA/G may have on the participant's schooling? The participant's school trajectory analyzed encompassed the period from 1st to 9th year of the elementary school, at which the participant’s age varied from six to fourteen years old. The study was conducted in two schools located in countryside of Paraná, where the participant resided with his parents and maternal grandparents. The data were collected through interviews with teachers, psychologists, principals, pedagogical staff, family members and the participant himself. Extra data from other studies (STREIECHEN, 2014) were also used in order to discuss the participant’s linguistic and school issues. This is a qualitative study, ethnographic in nature, supported by a case study. The Discursive Textual Analysis (MORAES; GALIAZZI, 2016) was the methodological framework adopted to analyze data in this study, considering that such framework allows the researcher to interpret the data further, with the commitment to generate new theories and/or assumptions. Psychoanalysis was the theory adopted to support data analysis, since this approach points out concepts of interest for comprehending the relationship between teacher and student, to cite: the importance of student's speech and desire to acquire knowledge, as well as of teacher's most attentive listening to become acquainted with a student in his/her amplitude. Results indicated, among other aspects, that: the participant's learning challenges, in the initial school years, were not related to the HA/G, since teachers did not identify such abilities; the participant's peculiar written style was not associated with his multilingual context and/or with the HA/G, but considered as erroneous, once the teachers were not acquainted with the languages experienced by the participant; the teachers' priority relied on the participant's difficulties rather than his abilities. The aspects aforementioned suggested that the participant' struggles intensified more and more, leading him to develop an antipathy for the school and a total indifference for studying. The conclusions pointed to the difficulty that some teachers encounter when they have to work with students with peculiar learning conditions. Such teachers, due to their traditionalist and secular strategies, are unable to listen and become acquainted with their students, disregarding their lives beyond the school walls. Therefore, the thesis of this study is that, because they do not carry the stereotype of disability, both students with HA/G and children of deaf parents become invisible in the eyes of many educators, being isolated and doomed to failure. This study highlights that these students should receive special attention in the scholar environment, so that they are not excluded from an effective teaching and learning process.

The biographical details of the 7828 individuals listed in the biographical dictionary known as the Ta'rikh Baghdad were entered in a database and used to create a profile of the hadith community of Baghdad. The thesis explains how the database was constructed and shows how the data can be used. Evidence derived from the many references to colleagues and relatives in the biographies made it possible to date most of the undated biographies, and to construct a chronological framework within which information on the origins, occupations, tribes and other personal attributes of the Khatib's subjects could be analysed. Changes in the frequency of these attributes over time were related to conversion rates, immigration, and the popular appeal of hadith study. The thesis also demonstrates the usefulness of the fortuitously dated topographical references found in the biographies. These were used with maps to show changes in residence patterns over the 320 years covered by the Ta'rikh Baghdad.

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This master’s thesis is dealing with possibilities of measurement of inductance by using of accurate capacitance bridge AH 2500E. In metrology there are no appropriate devices available for accurate measurement of inductance. It can be realized by four methods. The newest one is based on T elements, it is not used for this purpose yet and it is practically investigated in CMI Brno. For its introduction to practice it is neccessary to complete computer simulations and analysis of influences affecting measurement. It is also inevitable to examine repeatability of measurement, define methodology of measurement and potential corrections of measured values.

La phospholipase A2 liée aux lipoprotéines (Lp-PLA2) est une biomarqueur de plusieurs maladies inflammatoires et une niveau sérique élevé est associé à l’instabilité de la plaque artérioscléreuse. Comme son nom l’indique, la Lp-PLA2 est liée aux lipoprotéines plasmatiques (LDL et HDL) et son rôle est de prévenir l’accumulation de phospholipides oxidés a la surface des lipoprotéines. Toutefois, les produits de dégradation des phospholipides oxidés par la Lp-PLA2 - le lysophosphatidyl choline par les acides gras oxidés peuvent aussi promouvoir l’inflammation. Mieux comprendre le métabolisme de la Lp-PLA2 pourrait nous permettre de mieux apprécier son rôle dans la formation d’une plaque artérioscléreuse instable, car des études antérieures ont démontré une forte expression de la Lp-PLA2 dans la plaque. De plus, il existe une forte corrélation entre les niveaux et l’activité plasmatiques de la Lp-PLA2 et la maladie coronarienne, les accidents cérébraux-vasculaires et la mortalité cardiaque. L’inhibition de la Lp-PLA2 avec une petite molécule, le darapladib, n’a pas démontré de bénéfice sur les évènements cardiovasculaires dans deux études cliniques. Cette thèse présentera d’abord une revue de la littérature sur la Lp-PLA2 et les maladies cardiovasculaires et les deuxième et troisième chapitres, une étude clinique réalisée sur des patients avec un syndrome coronarien aigu. / Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is a biomarker of several inflammatory diseases and syndromes. An elevated Lp-PLA2 level is associated with unstable atherosclerotic plaques. Bound to plasma lipoproteins (LDL and HDL), Lp-PLA2 prevents the formation of biologically active oxidized phospholipids on their surface such as oxidized phosphatidylcholine (oxPC). Nevertheless, the products of Lp-PLA2 action, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are both known to aggravate inflammation. Thus, understanding the metabolism of Lp-PLA2 could help us better understand its role in plaque formation, as studies have shown high expression of Lp-PLA2 and LPCs in unstable plaques. Moreover, studies showed correlation between increased Lp-PLA2 mass and activity and increased risk of coronary artery disease, stroke, and death. The inhibition of Lp-PLA2 with a small molecule, Darapladib, has not demonstrated benefit in reduction of cardiovascular events in two clinical studies. Here, the first chapter will focus on Lp-PLA2 and cardiovascular disease in man, highlighting the latest updates in the literature. The second and third chapters will introduce experimental work on Lp-PLA2 in the setting of acute coronary syndrome.

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