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Risk factors associated with TB co-infection in HIV/AIDS patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in one of the public health facilities in EthiopiaObsa Amente Megersa 24 January 2014 (has links)
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess risk factors associated with TB co-infection in HIV/AIDS patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methodology: An observational, analytic, case-control and quantitative study was conducted on a randomly selected 367 HIV and AIDS patients of whom 92 of them were TB co-infected. Data collection was done by using self-structured questionnaire. Result: In this study, educational status, waste disposal system, monthly income, contact history with a patient of active tuberculosis or presence of a family member with active tuberculosis, drug adherence, knowledge on tuberculosis prevention and history of exposure to substance were factors independently associated with the occurrence of active tuberculosis among HIV and Aids patients taking ART. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for on-going educational, informational and other interventions to address the risk factors of tuberculosis in HIV and Aids patients in order to decrease the rate of TB co-infection / Health Studies / M.A. Public Health
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A framework to facilitate the integration of HIV/AIDS content into university curriculaMurwira, Tinotenda Success 01 September 2020 (has links)
PhD (Public Health) / Department of Public Health / Background: South Africa continues to struggle with the high prevalence of Human Immunedeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome. Young people of the university going age are the most affected by this disease. The higher education sector, particularly teachers, are well placed to mitigate this pandemic through teaching and learning. Despite the fact, that a lot has been written on the need to integrate HIV/AIDS content into curricula very few institutions of higher learning are heeding the call mainly due to lack of guidance on how to integrate HIV/AIDS content.
Aim:The aim of the study was to develop a framework that facilitate integration of HIV/AIDS content into university curricula.
Methods: This cross-sectional study employed quantitative methodology and was conducted in two phases : Data was collected using different methods such as cross sectional surveys, content analysis and systematic reviews. For cross sectional surveys the target population included teachers and students and they were selected using systematic and purposive sampling respectively. The study setting was University of Venda. Data were analysed using SPSS, version 23. Multiple logistic regression and chi-square tests (χ2) were employed to determine the associations.
Results: The thesis comprises five interdependent studies. Study one: A systematic review of peer-reviewed journals and grey literature of HIV/AIDS programmes in higher education was conducted. It was found that HIV/AIDS content was integrated mainly into existing , compulsory, undergraduate modules, health sciences disciplines focused on basic facts about HIV/AIDS. The HIV/AIDS content was taught using classroom based teaching strategies. Study two: A quantitative content analysis, to gauge the extent of HIV/AIDS integration into the curricula in various departments at Univen was conducted. The results of this study suggest that HIV/AIDS content was limited as only 68 modules/courses out of 1979 had HIV/AIDS content in different disciplines across all eight schools at the university. Study three: A survey was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of students towards learning about HIV/AIDS content among 340 students . The study found out that majority of the students possessed high knowledge about HIV/AIDS, though they had misconceptions about HIV transmission routes. Further they supported the introduction of formal teaching and learning about HIV/AIDS in their disciplines and very few students were taught about HIV/AIDS in their studies. Study four: A survey was conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of teachers towards teaching and learning of HIV/AIDS content in the curriculum among 240 teachers . The results showed that the majority of teachers were knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS , had positive attitudes towards the teaching and learning of HIV/AIDS content in the curriculum and very few taught about HIV/AIDS. Study five: Data from the study findings, literature and analysis of the curriculum were integrated within Information ,Motivation and Behaviour Model to develop the proposed framework for integrating HIV/AIDS content.
Conclusion: The purpose of the study was to develop a framework that facilitates the integration of HIV/AIDS content into the undergraduate curriculum. The proposed framework in this study may assist HEIs, faculties and teachers to integrate HIV/AIDS content formally into their curriculum and ensure that various academic departments can integrate HIV/AIDS-related issues into the undergraduate curricula. The framework outlines HIV/AIDS competencies for different levels of study in various disciplines and its adoption may assist HEIs in producing graduates who can survive and work in a world ravaged by HIV/AIDS. In order to implement the proposed framework for integration of HIV/AIDS content into undergraduate curricula, recommendations were made. / NRF
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The role of capacity building in community home based care for AIDS patients: an exploratory study of Taso : Sseeta-Nazigo Community Aids InitiativeKiwombojjo, Michael 01 January 2002 (has links)
The focused of this study is the role of capacity building in Community Home Based Care (CHBC) for HIV/AIDS patients. The study forms part of my Master's in Development Administration programme, undertaken through UNISA. The dissertation was accomplished by studying the
TASO community initiative in Sseeta-Nazigo, Mukono District, Uganda. It explores the concept of capacity building and its applicability to CHBC.
The primacy data was gathered by conducting Key Infonnant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The secondary data was gathered by reviewing literature to augment the primary data. In addition, data was gathered through observations within the community.
The fmdings have identified seven critical components of capacity building: community mobilisation, skills development, Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT), networking and collaboration, support and supervision, Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E). The study observed that capacity built in the above areas resulted in three outcomes: skills development, improvement in procedures, and institutional development. Informed recommendations were subsequently made related to the seven componentsof capacity building in CHBC / Development Studies / M. A. (Development Studies)
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Deconstructing the myth of HIV/AIDS : one man's storyRobbertse, Ilse 11 1900 (has links)
HIV/Aids is a worldwide pandemic and as South Africans we are at the epicentre of this global health crisis. The harrowing statistics are useful as a means to quantify a horrific situation; however, what these facts do not do is provide connection amidst the uncertainty surrounding the disease. This research aims to bridge the disconnection and break the silence that weaves a net around the illness and those infected by it. This is done by deconstructing one man’s story of his journey with HIV; by looking at his personal epistemology; and by contextualising his story within his family and within the society in which he lives, South Africa. Finally, it is my reflections and interpretations that form the bridge between a construct of HIV/Aids and a life lived with the disease. / Psychology / M. A. (Clinical Psychology)
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Networks, NGOs and public health : responses to HIV/AIDS in the Cape WinelandsWard, Vivienne 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This reflexive study of responses to the HIV/AIDS pandemic was set in Stellenbosch,
a town in the Cape Winelands that, with its diverse but disjointed population, in many
ways is a microcosm of South African society. My question was what happens when
the experience of HIV/AIDS, with its personal impacts and global connections,
reaches a particular locality in South Africa. I worked on the assumption that the
reach of the disease in this specific locality reflects the disconnectedness of people
through historical, political, social and economic processes, and that responses to the
disease attempt to repair ruptures through integrating people into caring systems of
support. By tracking and interrogating responses at public health and service
organisation levels as a participant observer, I noted recurrent references to the
importance of engaging patients in the treatment process. My observations revealed a
transformation in the dyadic relationship between doctor and patient, as well as an
embracing reach of networked service organisations, both initiatives striving to render
more effective services. In the process relationships developed between patients and
service providers at health and social levels, and between providers themselves. Much
of the impetus for these local developments was derived from global inputs as local
players draw down packaged practices and funds from the global assemblage that
Nguyen refers to as the “AIDS industry” (2005a). Thus, I suggest that HIV/AIDS
becomes a catalyst for local innovation within globally standardised structures, such
innovation being driven principally by building social relationships. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie reflektiewe studie aangaande die response tot die MIV/VIGS pandemie is in
Stellenbosch, ‘n dorp in die Kaapse Wynlande, gedoen. Stellenbosch se diverse, maar
tog onsamehangende, populasie is in verskeie maniere ‘n mikrokosmos van die Suid-
Afrikaanse samelewing. My vraag het gevra wat gebeur as die ondervinding van
MIV/VIGS, wat persoonlike impakte en globale konneksies insluit, ‘n spesifieke
lokaliteit in Suid-Afrika bereik. Ek het gewerk volgens die aanname dat die omvang
van die siekte in dié spesifieke lokaliteit die uitskakeling van mense deur historiese,
politieke, sosiale en ekonomiese prosesse reflekteer, en dat response tot die siekte
poog om ontwrigtings te herstel deur die integrasie van mense in versorgende
ondersteunings sisteme. Deur response, op publieke gesondheid en dienslewerings
organisasie vlak, as deelnemende waarnemer op te volg en te ondersoek, het ek
herhaaldelike verwysings gekry na die noodsaaklikheid om pasiente te betrek in die
behandelings proses. My observasies het ’n transformasie in die wederkerige
verhouding tussen dokters en pasiente ontbloot, sowel as ’n omvattende omvang van
netwerke van dienslewerings organisasies. Beide inisiatiewe streef daarna om meer
effektiewe dienste te lewer. In die proses ontwikkel verhoudings tussen pasiente en
diensverskaffers op gesondheids and sosiale vlakke, asook tussen diensverskaffers. ’n
Groot gedeelte van die dryfkrag agter hierdie plaaslike ontwikkelings spruit uit
globale insette namate plaaslike spelers verpakte praktyke en fondse ontvang/trek van
die globale groep, wat Nguyen na verwys as die ’VIGS industrie’ (2005a). Daarvoor,
stel ek voor dat HIV/VIGS ’n katalisator vir plaaslike innovasie binne globaal
gestandardiseerde strukture word, en dat inovasies van die aard hoofsaaklik deur die
bou van sosiale verhoudings gedryf word.
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The role of capacity building in community home based care for AIDS patients: an exploratory study of Taso : Sseeta-Nazigo Community Aids InitiativeKiwombojjo, Michael 01 January 2002 (has links)
The focused of this study is the role of capacity building in Community Home Based Care (CHBC) for HIV/AIDS patients. The study forms part of my Master's in Development Administration programme, undertaken through UNISA. The dissertation was accomplished by studying the
TASO community initiative in Sseeta-Nazigo, Mukono District, Uganda. It explores the concept of capacity building and its applicability to CHBC.
The primacy data was gathered by conducting Key Infonnant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The secondary data was gathered by reviewing literature to augment the primary data. In addition, data was gathered through observations within the community.
The fmdings have identified seven critical components of capacity building: community mobilisation, skills development, Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT), networking and collaboration, support and supervision, Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E). The study observed that capacity built in the above areas resulted in three outcomes: skills development, improvement in procedures, and institutional development. Informed recommendations were subsequently made related to the seven componentsof capacity building in CHBC / Development Studies / M. A. (Development Studies)
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Deconstructing the myth of HIV/AIDS : one man's storyRobbertse, Ilse 11 1900 (has links)
HIV/Aids is a worldwide pandemic and as South Africans we are at the epicentre of this global health crisis. The harrowing statistics are useful as a means to quantify a horrific situation; however, what these facts do not do is provide connection amidst the uncertainty surrounding the disease. This research aims to bridge the disconnection and break the silence that weaves a net around the illness and those infected by it. This is done by deconstructing one man’s story of his journey with HIV; by looking at his personal epistemology; and by contextualising his story within his family and within the society in which he lives, South Africa. Finally, it is my reflections and interpretations that form the bridge between a construct of HIV/Aids and a life lived with the disease. / Psychology / M. A. (Clinical Psychology)
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HIV exceptionalism and the South African HIV and AIDS epidemic: perspectives of health care workers in PietermaritzburgStill, Linda Joy 31 October 2008 (has links)
The limited success of HIV-testing facilities in South Africa means that many
people are not accessing necessary antiretroviral treatment services. This
study investigates the practical implications of HIV exceptionalism inherent in
Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT). A semi-structured interview
schedule was used to survey participants for their perspectives on barriers to
HIV-testing uptake as well as the effects of exceptionalist practices at VCT
clinics. Responses showed marked perceptions of gender differences in
people's willingness to test and several important barriers including problems
of access to services. Significantly, exceptionalism displayed in certain clinic
procedures was thought to contribute to stigma, and attempts to normalise
HIV practice in order to combat the effects of stigma were being informally
implemented. Participants' views on routine opt-out testing were explored.
The researcher recommended further investigation on how HIV testing and
treatment policies can be normalised so as to reduce stigma and increase
testing uptake. / Social Work / M.A. Sociology (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
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The buddy system of care and support for and by women living with HIV/AIDS in BotswanaZuyderduin, Johanna Regina 28 February 2004 (has links)
A needs assessment during 2000 guided the design of a buddy system in Botswana. Implementation of this care and support system for and by 39 HIV+ve female buddy-client pairs started in 2002. During April and November 2002, levels of disclosure, self-care, support and quality of life of buddy-client pairs and the controls (n = 38) were compared. Orem's self-care theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Cohen and Syme's conceptualisation of social support formed the theoretical framework. By November 2002, clients' disclosure levels, self-care for TB, and antiretroviral therapy adherence had improved. Higher income, higher education and older age predicted higher levels of self-care for antiretroviral therapy. The social support survey reported satisfaction with types of support available in November 2002 (N = 112). Clients' scores for self-care for TB, antiretroviral therapy and social support improved more than those of controls over the study period. The personal resource questionnaire measured perceptions of support: buddies' scores increased more than those of clients. Women on antiretroviral therapy completed the adherence attitudes inventory in April and November 2002 and reported a downward trend in adherence. Findings of the quality of life (SF 36) instrument showed that during the six-month study period, physical and mental health component summary scores improved but remained low (N = 112). During 2003 Botswana's community-based buddy-support programme was adopted by four other countries in Southern Africa in an attempt to enhance the quality of life of HIV+ve women in these countries. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Perceptions and attitudes of family members of people living with HIV and AIDS towards community caregiversNziyane, Luzile Florence 30 November 2005 (has links)
The escalating number of people infected by HIV and AIDS poses a challenge to current resources both at the hospital and household level. Community/Home based care is a viable option in response to the scourge of HIV/AIDS to compliment secondary and tertiary care as well as providing support to affected families in coping with the stress of caring for their terminally ill family members. This study explored the effectiveness of the implementation of Community/Home based care services by focusing on three sites at Bushbuckridge i.e. Cunningmore, Maviljan and Hluvukani.
Findings revealed that family members were satisfied to have community caregivers entering their homes to provide care and support to their AIDS ill family members. Significant barriers were highlighted by families and community caregivers that hinder effective implementation of the programme, for instance, cultural sensitivity. The study proffered recommendations on how to deal with these issues. / SOCIAL WORK / MA(SS) (SOCIAL WORK)
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