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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
101

Alcoolismo, doença e pessoa: uma etnografia da associação de ex-bebedores Alcoólicos Anônimos.

Campos, Edemilson Antunes de 20 September 2005 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:24:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseEAC.pdf: 907921 bytes, checksum: ec4ee9bdd22774fb00704dc531fb3459 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-20 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The major aim of this thesis is to introduce a reflection of the therapeutic model built by the Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) fellowship to care for the so-called alcoholism disease and to relate this model to the construction of the notion of the person as it appears in this model, since it is related to the construction of the identity of an alcoholic in recovery . Based on an ethnographic research carried out in the Sapopemba A.A. group located in the outskirts of the city of São Paulo, we attempt to analyze the problem of alcoholism from an emic perspective, i.e., as it is thought of and managed by those who acknowledge themselves as alcoholics . In this way we try to articulate the representations built on alcohol and alcoholism by re-constructing the notion of alcoholic person, in order to set contrasts with the ideological field of modern individualism. The thesis also looks for to demonstrate that, for A.A. members, the alcoholic disease is understood as a family disease , i.e., a disease that not only concerns the individuals but also affects those around them, family members most of all. In fact, the possibility of contagion around alcoholism is clearly identifiable. Such condition is directly linked to representations built on alcoholism, understood as a physical and moral disease. It is also linked to its effects on the set of social relationships both familial and professional in which the ex-drinker is involved. In their activities and meetings, the members of the fellowship acknowledge themselves as alcoholics in recovery , i.e., as carriers of an incurable disease, a disorder housed inside each of them with which they must learn to deal. Fundamentally, this process corresponds to setting a peculiar regime of alterity, based on the construction of an ill body and soul, in which ex-drinker is seen as another person that each alcoholic carries within; this condition must be shared with the other group members to facilitate preservation of soberness and recuperation of social bonds that were lost in the times of active alcoholism, particularly within the family and in the workplace. / O objetivo deste trabalho é o de apresentar uma reflexão sobre o modelo terapêutico construído pela irmandade de Alcoólicos Anônimos (A.A.) para dar conta da chamada doença do alcoolismo , relacionando-o à fabricação de uma noção de pessoa em seu interior, notadamente a partir da edificação da identidade de doente alcoólico em recuperação . A partir dos dados da pesquisa etnográfica realizada no grupo Sapopemba de A.A., localizado na periferia da cidade de São Paulo, busca-se analisar o problema do alcoolismo a partir de uma perspectiva êmica, isto é, tal como ele é pensado e gerido por aqueles que se reconhecem como doentes alcoólicos . Com isso, pretende-se articular as representações construídas sobre o álcool e o alcoolismo com a fabricação de uma noção de pessoa alcoólica , de maneira a estabelecer contrastes com o campo ideológico do individualismo moderno. Ao longo deste trabalho, demonstra-se que, para os membros de A.A., a doença alcoólica é entendida como uma doença da família , ou seja, uma doença que atinge o indivíduo, mas também afeta a todos aqueles que estão a seu redor, sobretudo, seus familiares. Com efeito, evidenciam-se as condições de possibilidade de contágio em torno do alcoolismo, condições essas diretamente ligadas às representações construídas sobre o alcoolismo, entendido como uma doença física e moral , e a seus efeitos sobre o conjunto de relações sociais familiares e profissionais nas quais o exbebedor está envolvido. Em suas atividades e reuniões, os membros da irmandade se reconhecem como doentes alcoólicos em recuperação , isto é, como portadores de uma doença incurável; de um mal que está alojado dentro de cada um e com o qual deverão aprender a conviver. Esse processo corresponde, fundamentalmente, à instauração de um peculiar regime de alteridade, baseado na fabricação de um corpo e de um espírito doentes, no qual a doença alcoólica é apreendida como um outro que cada dependente traz dentro de si mesmo; condição essa que deve ser compartilhada com os demais membros do grupo, possibilitando, assim, a manutenção da sobriedade e o resgate dos laços sociais, perdidos no tempo do alcoolismo ativo, notadamente, na família e no trabalho.
102

O infinito valor de todo ser humano: uma leitura da associação de ajuda mútua Neuróticos Anônimos / The infinite value of every human being: a reading of the mutual help association Neurotics Anonymous

Fabiana Renata da Silva 12 April 2016 (has links)
Neuróticos anônimos é uma associação formada por grupos de ajuda mútua que reúnem indivíduos que se consideram com problemas emocionais seguindo o Programa de recuperação de Alcoólicos Anônimos, adaptado às suas finalidades. Com base em pesqnisa etnográfica, incluindo a observação participante nas reuniões de três grupos localizados na cidade de São Paulo, foram caracterizadas as formas de participação, atividades dos grupos, as motivações, crenças e valores dos participantes, abordando ainda aspectos organizacionais e históricos da associação e do seu Programa. Considerando o processo de individualização em curso, esta pesquisa buscou compreender o papel desempenhado pela instituição na orientação do comportamento dos seus membros em relação às suas demandas específicas relacionadas aos problemas comuns da vida cotidiana. A partir do exame da socialização experimentada pelos participantes nos grupos, é mostrado como a participação engendra processos de identificação entre indivíduos que passam por problemas semelhantes, requerendo de cada um o envolvimento ativo e a motivação subjetiva - a formulação de um projeto para si e com outros por meio da construção autônoma de uma narrativa de vida para si mesmos. Afirma-se que o papel das instituições para os indivíduos se transformou, não mais determinando os rumos pelo qual eles devem traçar os seus destinos ao longo da vida, nem servindo para orientá-los completamente quanto aos inúmeros problemas que se colocam para eles na vida cotidiana. Isto é, os indivíduos selecionam uma dentre tantas outras instituições existentes, das quais participam e pelas quais são socializados ao longo da vida, para resolverem determinados tipos de problemas e não outros. / Neurotics Anonymous is an association formed by self-help groups bringing together individuais who consider themselves with emotional disturbances by following the Alcoholics Anonymous recovery Program adapted to your purposes. Based on ethnographic research, including participant observation conducted at the meetings of three groups located in the city of São Paulo, it was characterized forms of participation, the activities of groups, motivations, beliefs and values of the participants, also considering organizational and historical aspects of the association and its Program. Considering the ongoing process of individuation, this research sought to understand the role played by the institution in guiding the behavior of its members in relation to their specific demands related to common problems of everyday life. From the examination of socialization experienced by group participants, it is shown as the participation engenders processes of identification between individuais who go through similar problems, requiring each one the active involvement and subjective motivation - the formulation of a project for themselves and others through autonomous construction of a life narrative for themselves. It is argued that the role of institutions for individuais changed, not determining the direction in which they should draw their destinations throughout life, not serving to guide them completely as the many problems that arise for them in everyday life. That is, individuais select one among many others existing institutions, which they participate and for which they are socialized lifelong, to solve certain types of problems and not others.
103

Caracterização da proteína anônima relacionada à trombospondina 2 (TRAP 2) do protozoário Neospora caninum no processo de invasão celular / Characterization of the thrombospondin related anonymous protein 2 (TRAP 2) of the protozoan Neospora caninum in the cell invasion process.

Luiz Miguel Pereira 28 April 2009 (has links)
Neospora caninum é um protozoário Apicomplexa, parasita intracelular obrigatório que possui o cão como hospedeiro definitivo e principalmente os bovinos como hospedeiros intermediários, causando nos primeiros encefalopatia e nos últimos abortos com perda da fertilidade, o que acarreta prejuízos significativos na pecuária mundial. O parasita necessita multiplicar de modo intra-celular, utilizando a descarga de proteínas contidas em organelas filo-específicas, como as micronemas que liberam proteínas relacionadas a adesão e invasão ativa, além das roptrias e os grânulos densos. Este trabalho foi realizado sobre um tipo de proteína micronêmica denominada proteína Anônima Relacionada à Trombospondina (TRAP), relacionada à adesão e ligação com o motor intracelular, responsável pelo processo ativo de invasão. TRAP 1 já havia sido descrita pela literatura e o objetivo deste trabalho foi a caracterização molecular do até então desconhecido homólogo TRAP 2, com expressão de suas formas recombinantes e o uso de seus respectivos anti-soros para ensaios funcionais e localização da proteína nativa. Com base em banco dados de ESTs e genômicos de N. caninum e fazendo uso de RLM-RACE (Reação mediada por RNA ligase- amplificação rápida dos términos de cDNA-RNA,) foi possível a obtenção da sequencia completa do gene NcTrap 2, que possui quatro éxons separados por três íntrons. Sua forma protéica, como seu homológo, é formado por um peptídeo sinal, uma integrina, cinco trombospondinas, uma região transmembrana e a cauda citoplasmática. A integrina e as trombospondinas são motivos relacionados à adesão para início do processo invasivo e foram os alvos deste trabalho. Foram expressos dois recombinantes a partir deste cerne funcional (integrina e trombospondinas), com 52 e 78 kDa, e seus respectivos anti-soros foram obtidos. Estes foram utilizados em western blots 1D e 2D para localização da forma nativa de NcTRAP 2 de aproximadamente 80 kDa no extrato total e de sua forma processada no ESA (extrato secretado, simulando o momento invasivo do taquizoíta) com 70 kDa. O soro contra o recombinante 1 teve a capacidade de inibir o processo invasivo em valores de 53 a 61%, dependendo do método utilizado (contagem manual ou real time PCR). NcTRAP 2 foi encontrada no complexo apical parasitário do taquizoíta por imunofluorêscencia confocal, evidenciando sua provável localização nas micronemas. A nova molécula, NcTRAP 2 possui características que a diferencia de NcTRAP 1 o suficiente para ser considerada homóloga. O soro contra sua forma recombinante detectou as formas nativas integral e secretada e demonstrou que NcTRAP 2 possui capacidade de inibir a invasão dos taquizoítas, o que a torna um interessante alvo vacinal. / Neospora caninum is an Apicomplexan protozoan, obligatory intracellular parasite that has the dog as definitive host and especially cattle as intermediate hosts, causing in the first ones encephalopathy and in the last ones abortion with fertility losses. Such facts lead to significant losses to livestock worldwide. The parasite must invade the cells for its development, using the discharge of proteins contained in phylum-specific organelles, like the micronemes proteins related with adhesion and active invasion, besides the proteins from rhoptries and dense granules. This work was performed on a type of micronemic protein, a thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP), related with adhesion and connection with the intracellular motor responsible for the active process of invasion. Based on the homologue previously described in the literature, TRAP 1, the aim of this study was the characterization of the undescribed TRAP 2 homologue, the expression of its recombinant forms, the use of its anti-sera for functional assays, and detection of its native form. Based on ESTs and genomic data from N. caninum, and using the RLM-RACE (ligase mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends) technique, the complete sequence of NcTRAP 2 was obtained, which had four exons separated by three introns. As NcTRAP 1, the protein sequence is composed of a signal peptide, an integrin, five thrombospondin, a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmatic tail. The integrin and thrombospondin motifs are related to adhesion for initiation of the invasive process and were the targets of this work. We expressed two recombinant fragments from the functional core (thrombospondin and integrin), with 52 and 78 kDa, which were utilized for antisera production. The anti-sera localized the native form NcTRAP 2 which had approximately 80 kDa, and its processed form in ESA (Excreted/Secreted Antigen) with 70 kDa, both in western blot 1D and 2D. The serum against recombinant 1 had the ability to inhibit the invasive process from 53 to 61%, depending on the experimental method used (manual counting or real time PCR). NcTRAP 2 was localized at the apical complex of the parasite of the tachyzoites by confocal immunofluorescence, pointing towards its micronemal localization. The new molecule, NcTRAP 2, holds features that differentiates it from NcTRAP 1 in a substantial way to be considered homologue. The serum against the recombinant form detected the native full length and secreted forms of NcTRAP 2 and demonstrated that NcTRAP 2 has the ability to inhibit the invasion of tachyzoites, turning it into an interesting vaccine target to be investigated.
104

A produção de sentido nas redes sociais efêmeras e anônimas: o 4chan e a sua lógica de funcionamento

Pereira, Felipe José de Xavier 25 April 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-01T18:47:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 felipejosedexavierpereira.pdf: 20718456 bytes, checksum: c0e3d555937cf2e4836c0f66246849f9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-01T20:15:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 felipejosedexavierpereira.pdf: 20718456 bytes, checksum: c0e3d555937cf2e4836c0f66246849f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-01T20:15:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 felipejosedexavierpereira.pdf: 20718456 bytes, checksum: c0e3d555937cf2e4836c0f66246849f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-25 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa pretende estudar a apropriação e o compartilhamento de sentido nas redes digitais sociais anônimas efêmeras. Tendo o imageboard 4chan como objeto, iremos nos aprofundar numa possível lógica de base que fundamente o fluxo e a produção de sentido nas redes por meio da diminuição do alcance das identidades persistentes e do controle de dados. O pragmaticismo de Peirce servirá de norte enquanto buscamos estabelecer os limites e alcances do 4chan por ele mesmo através da percepção e das regras do lúdico de Huizinga (1938) que antecedem a cultura, em relação ao usuário através das contextualizações de Castells (2003) e dos estudos de caso, e em relação ao princípio da alteridade como terceiro e outro elemento presente na comunicação mediada por computador nas redes anônimas e efêmeras. Concluiremos nossa proposta não só por meio dos estudos de caso mas também com a ajuda de autores especializados neste tipo de cultura e ambiente virtual, como Gabriela Coleman (2012) e Cole Stryker (2011), e de trabalhos de coleta de dados como de Bernstein et al. (2012) e David Auerbach (2012). Esperamos que no fim deste percurso tenhamos esclarecido um pouco deste processo lógico e influente mas ainda pouco estudado dos ambientes digitais anônimos e efêmeros. / This research aims to study the apropriation and share of senses in ephemeral anonymous digital social networks . Having the imageboard 4chan as the object , we will delve into a possible base logic that justifies the flow and production of meaning on networks by decreasing the extent of persistent identities and control data. The Peirce's pragmaticism serve as a north as we seek to establish the limits and scope of 4chan by himself through the perception of playfulness and ludic rules of Huizinga (1938) prior to culture, in relation to the user through the contextualization of Castells (2003) and real case studies, and finally to the principle of otherness as present in the third and another element in computer-mediated communication in anonymous and ephemeral networks. We will complete our proposal not only by means of case studies but also with the help of expert authors in this kind of virtual environment and culture like Gabriela Coleman (2012) and Cole Stryker (2011) , also with studies of data collection as Bernstein et al. (2012) and David Auerbach (2012). Hopefully at the end of this journey we will have clarified some of this logical process and influential yet little-studied of anonymous and ephemeral digital environments .
105

Capital financeiro, o imperialismo norte-americano e sua hegemonia: 1990-2010 / Financial capital, US imperialism and its hegemony: 1990-2010

Paulo Sergio Souza Ferreira 27 April 2017 (has links)
A argumentação desenvolvida nesse trabalho gira em torno da ideia de que a partir da fase imperialista do capital, a especulação encontrou solo fértil para o seu pleno desenvolvimento. A estreita conexão existente entre a esfera monetária e financeira, e a esfera real e produtiva no imperialismo capitalista deu origem ao capital financeiro. Com o domínio das sociedades anônimas sobre a estrutura da economia capitalista deu-se grande impulso ao sistema de crédito (devido à necessidade de financiamento das sociedades por ações por intermédio da Bolsa de Valores), o que propiciou as condições para o desenvolvimento do capital fictício. / The argument developed in this paper revolves around the idea that from the imperialist phase of capital, speculation has found fertile ground for its full development. The close connection between the monetary and financial sphere and the real and productive sphere in capitalist imperialism gave rise to financial capital. With the dominance of corporations on the structure of the capitalist economy, the credit system was given great impetus (due to the need to finance stock companies through the Stock Exchange), which provided the conditions for the development of fictitious capital.
106

Societas anonymous: a construção política e social do hacker

Silva, Ana Carolina Estorani Polessa da 27 September 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-03-17T15:47:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolinaestoranipolessadasilva.pdf: 3934146 bytes, checksum: 2ea80032b4d6680f45a112ec16b3501a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-18T12:15:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolinaestoranipolessadasilva.pdf: 3934146 bytes, checksum: 2ea80032b4d6680f45a112ec16b3501a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-18T12:15:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolinaestoranipolessadasilva.pdf: 3934146 bytes, checksum: 2ea80032b4d6680f45a112ec16b3501a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-27 / Este trabalho apresenta a construção, as influências políticas e sociais sofridas pela Cultura Hacker em suas duas principais raízes (divididas em dois capítulos): por meio da exploração de linhas telefônicas desde 1878 até sua evolução para o phreaking por volta da década de 1960. Posteriormente, o phreaking foi absorvido por movimentos de contracultura nos Estados Unidos, se tornando uma forma de protesto contra a guerra do Vietnã a partir da década de 1970, período ao qual a prática foi popularizada gerando grandes prejuízos a empresas de telefonia, se tornando assim, um problema social. A segunda raiz da Cultura Hacker está relacionada ao surgimento dos primeiros computadores por volta do final da Guerra Mundial, inicialmente restrita ao meio acadêmico e ao setor militar, com forte influência da Guerra Fria e do chamado mito pós-nuclear, até começar a emergir para a população em geral na metade da década de 1970, em função do início das vendas dos computadores pessoais, que fez com que o phreaking e o hacking de computador convergissem durante este período. Buscando apresentar uma perspectiva diferenciada, pesquisamos os desafios para a construção da Cultura hacker no Brasil, colocando o país dentro de um contexto que se desenvolvia em diversos países do mundo no final da década de 1980. Com o desenvolvimento da rede mundial de computadores no início da década de 1990, o número de usuários da internet passou a crescer de maneira vertiginosa e entre 1994 e 1996, surge o hacktivismo - ativismo feito por hackers - que buscavam garantir o anonimato e a liberdade de expressão e do próprio ciberespaço. Na terceira parte do trabalho, analisamos a forma ao qual o Anonymous ampliou os limites do hacktivismo, apresentando quais são os principais motivos que desencadeiam suas ações, baseando suas atividades na ideia de Cidade por Projetos idealizada por Luc Boltanski e Eve Chiapello. / This work presents the construction, the political and social influences underwent by the Hacker Culture in its two main branches (divided in two chapters): through the exploration of telephone lines since 1878 until its evolution to phreaking around the decade of 1960. Afterwards, the Phreaking was absorbed by counter-cultural movements in the United States, becoming a protest tool against the Vietnam War after 1970, period on which this practice rose on popularity, causing a great loss to phone companies, becoming, thus, a social problem. The second branch of the Hacker Culture is related to the development of the first computers by the end of the First World War, initially restricted to scientific and military organizations with great influence of the Cold War and the so-called “post-nuclear myth”, until it starts to spread out to the rest of the population during the second half of 1970, due to the sales of personal computers, which made such practices like Phreaking and Hacking to converge during this period. In order to present a differentiated approach, we researched the challenges related to the construction of the Hacker Culture in Brazil, introducing the country in a context that developed itself in many other countries in the end of 1980. With the growth of the World Wide Web in the beginning of the 1990, the number of internet users started to skyrocket and, between 1994 and 1996, comes up the hacker-activism – that was an activism made by hackers in order to ensure anonymity and the their own freedom of expression, along with the freedom of the cyberspace. In the third part of the work, we analyze how the group Anonymous expanded the limits of this “hacktivism”, showing what the reasons that initiated its actions are, basing its activities on the idea of the “Projective City”, designed by Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello.
107

Towards Inter-temporal Privacy Metrics

Berthold, Stefan January 2011 (has links)
Informational privacy of individuals has significantly gained importance after information technology has become widely deployed. Data, once digitalised, can be copied and distributed at negligible costs. This has dramatic consequences for individuals that leave traces in form of personal data whenever they interact with information technology. The right of individuals for informational privacy, in particular to control the flow and use of their personal data, is easily undermined by those controlling the information technology. The objective of this thesis is the measurement of informational privacy with a particular focus on scenarios where an individual discloses personal data to a second party, the data controller, which uses this data for re-identifying the individual within a set of others, the population. Several instances of this scenario are discussed in the appended papers, most notably one which adds a time dimension to the scenario for modelling the effects of the time passed between data disclosure and usage. This extended scenario leads to a new framework for inter-temporal privacy metrics. The common dilemma of all privacy metrics is their dependence on the information available to the data controller. The same information may or may not be available to the individual and, as a consequence, the individual may be misguided in his decisions due to his limited access to the data controller’s information when using privacy metrics. The goal of this thesis is thus not only the specification of new privacy metrics, but also the contribution of ideas for mitigating this dilemma. However a solution will rather be a combination of technological, economical and legal means than a purely technical solution.
108

Analýza anonymizačních strategií v angličtině / Forensic analysis of anonymization strategies in English

Volná, Veronika January 2016 (has links)
The objective of this thesis is to identify those specific aspects of written style which native speakers of English modify when attempting to anonymize their texts. The conclusions are based on the analysis of 20 texts by 10 authors, all of whom are native speakers of English. Two texts dealing with the same topic were produced by each participant; one was written as an official letter of complaint, and the other was written as an anonymous letter. The bulk of the results are grounded on a qualitative stylistic analysis of the individual texts, with merely a brief survey of quantitative methods.The purpose of the introductory chapter is to familiarize the reader with the subject of forensic authorship analysis, to provide a brief summary of the current state of research, and to introduce a series of empirical studies. The practical part of the thesis presents the qualitative stylistic analysis, provides a shorter summary of the quantitative analysis, and finally ventures to draw meaningful conclusions from the results. The results showed that the majority of authors manipulated with the style/register of the texts and with the specific lexical choices, whereas none of the 10 authors made alterations to spelling and only 2 authors chose to change the punctuation in the anonymous text. However,...
109

"Don et anonymat : la question des identités"

Benjelloun, Mohamed Amine 27 June 2013 (has links)
A travers notre pratique de pédopsychiatre confronté au vécu de familles interpellées par la question du don de gamètes ou d'organes, il nous a semblé que nombre d'apories traversant les phénomènes de la donation et de l'anonymat n'étaient pas pris en compte par la médecine.Si le don et l'anonymat traversent toute la médecine au point que celle-ci les a hissé au rang de principes, ils ne font pas l'objet d'un enseignement ou d'une réflexion approfondie. La philosophie et la littérature apportent aussi certaines réponses possibles . Le don est un présent sans la présence, portant en lui une part d'abandon, sans raison, à quelqu'un qui ne demande rien, puisque justement il ne saurait pas qu'on lui a donné. L'anonymat permet de s'effacer, pour pouvoir rencontrer l'Autre, au plus prés. Ceci commence dès l'origine, pour permettre au sujet d'approcher dans l'errance et le doute une rencontre avec l'inconnu et le dehors, loin d'une altérité qui ne serait que radicale. Enfin, la question du don d'organes, du don de gamètes, de l'anonymat obligent à repenser simultanément la question de la relation et celle de l'identité. Le donneur et le receveur se rencontrent, l'un est obligatoirement plongé dans le temps de l'autre : comment construire une sphère propre et une sphère de l'autre, une intersubjectivité qui rendrait possible la communication entre matériaux d'origine différente ? Comment reconnaître ego et alter, comme des ipséités ? Les concepts d'identité narrative, d'histoires empêtrées, permettent de dépasser la question de l'anonymat. L'anonymat protégerait alors l'identité. Et mieux, permet alors à la reconnaissance, toute éthique, d'advenir. / Through our practice of child psychiatry and confronted with the lived of families concerned with the question of gametes or organs donation, it seems that numerous aporia related to donation and anonymity experiences have not been considered by medicine. If donation and anonymity have been central to medicine to the point that they have become principles, they have never been subjects of education or profound reflection. Philosophy and literature also bring some possible answers. Donation is a present without the presence, carrying with itself some abandonment, without reason, to someone who doesn't ask for anything, precisely because he would not know that he was given something. Anonymity gives an opportunity to fade away, just to be able to meet the other, closer. This obliteration starts from the very beginning. It aims at any founding trace, in order, paradoxically to allow the subject to approach in wandering and doubt a possible encounter with the unknown and the outside, far from an otherness that be only would be radical.Finally, the issue of organ donation, of gamete donation, of anonymity, forces us to rethink simultaneously the question of relationship and identity. The donor and recipient, meet and are necessarily immersed in the other's time: how to build a sphere for oneself and a sphere for the other, an intersubjectivity which would enable the communication between materials of different origin? How to recognize ego and alter, as ipseities? Concepts of narrative identity, entangled stories allow to pass over the question of anonymity. Anonymity would then protect identity. And better still, would allow for an ethical recognition to happen.
110

Toward a Model of 12-Step Engagement: Predicting Recovery Involvement in Narcotics Anonymous

Howrey, Hillary L. 01 January 2016 (has links)
Substance use disorders (SUDs) affect a significant portion of the population and are noteworthy public health concerns. Mutual help organizations (MHOs) such as Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous are considered evidence-based practices for SUDs. Despite a growing body of research examining mechanisms of change in MHOs, relatively few investigations of 12-step organizations have been theory-driven. Theory-based models of recovery provide a more comprehensive view of the range of individual factors affecting individuals in recovery and how and why they might engage in recovery-related behaviors. Stress and coping theory fills a gap in explaining how improvements occur as a result of MHO recovery engagement from a bio-psycho-social perspective. Although some recovery program-related mechanisms of change in MHOs have proven to be important factors in promoting long-term recovery from SUDs, fewer studies have examined what factors may influence participation in recovery practices. Using a sample of community-based Narcotics Anonymous members from 26 U.S. states, the relationships between stress and engagement in various recovery practices are examined from the perspective of a psychobiological, SUD-specific stress and coping framework. It is hypothesized that the relationship between stress and recovery practice engagement is moderated by abstinence duration, such that individuals at lower levels of abstinence duration would have fewer coping resources to mitigate stress and therefore would evidence a greater association between stress and engagement in higher levels of recovery practices. Results indicated the stress-recovery practice involvement relationship was not moderated by abstinence duration, and stress was not significantly associated with any recovery practices. However, helpfulness of social support received from individuals in recovery, abstinence duration, neuroticism, and substance use severity all significantly predicted recovery practice involvement. Gaining additional understanding of mechanisms that influence recovery involvement will allow clinicians and researchers to enhance interventions and facilitate involvement in beneficial aspects of recovery programs.

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