The study advances the understanding of the effects of health sector regulation on the performance of private hospitals in Brazil. Health regulatory agencies, ANS and ANVISA, are part of the Public Administration structure, possess a high degree of technical specialization and establish control actions to stimulate the production of public goods and services that guarantee the interests of the population. The search of hospital managers for appropriate management models and tools for evaluating hospital performance, compatible with the complexity of the supplementary health system to which they are inserted, is vital for the maintenance of services. Within this context, this research aims to identify the impact of health regulatory agencies on the performance of private hospitals in Brazil. The theoretical lens of intentional theory (NORTH, 1990) was used to better understand the mechanisms of institutionalization. To this end, a mixed-method study was conducted to: identify and classify hospital performance indicators through bibliographic research; determination and categorization of regulatory actions of ANS and ANVISA through documentary research; and the estimation of the impact generated in the hospital performance by the regulatory actions, through a survey with the hospital managers. The results suggest that regulatory actions generate a positive impact on the overall performance of the hospital, according to the perception of 91.3% of managers about ANVISA and 61.9% about ANS. In addition, the findings suggest that the factors "definitions of technical requirements for the operation of services" and "monitoring mechanisms" of ANVISA, have a negative impact on economic and financial performance. As well as, the establishment of the "roll of procedures for coverage" of Health Care Providers, negatively impact the three areas of hospital performance explored: financial, operational and care. Finally, the statistical tests carried out in the search for differences in the managers' responses in relation to the position they occupy and the size of the hospital where they work did not present significant statistical relationships and little explanatory power. / Submitted by Gisele da Silva (gisele.silva7@unisul.br) on 2018-02-13T00:57:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertacao_Gisele_Silva.pdf: 7502181 bytes, checksum: 5d942cff5de4566f5b955aaec9b1759c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Janir Antunes (raquel.antunes@unisul.br) on 2018-02-15T17:45:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertacao_Gisele_Silva.pdf: 7502181 bytes, checksum: 5d942cff5de4566f5b955aaec9b1759c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-15T17:45:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertacao_Gisele_Silva.pdf: 7502181 bytes, checksum: 5d942cff5de4566f5b955aaec9b1759c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / O estudo avança na compreensão dos efeitos da regulação do setor de saúde no desempenho dos hospitais privados do Brasil. As agências reguladoras de saúde, ANS e ANVISA, fazem parte da estrutura da Administração Pública, possuem alto grau de especialização técnica e estabelece ações de controle para estimular a produção de bens e serviços públicos que garantam os interesses da população. A busca dos gestores hospitalares por modelos adequados de gestão e ferramentas de avaliação de desempenho dos hospitais, compatíveis com a complexidade do sistema de saúde suplementar ao qual estão inseridos, torna-se vital para a manutenção dos serviços. Dentro desse contexto, esta pesquisa se propõe a identificar o impacto das agências reguladoras de saúde no desempenho dos hospitais privados do Brasil. Foi empregada a lente teórica da teoria intencional (NORTH, 1990) para melhor compreender os mecanismos de institucionalização. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa de método misto para: a identificação e classificação dos indicadores de desempenho hospitalar por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica; apuração e categorização das ações regulatórias da ANS e da ANVISA por meio de pesquisa documental; e a estimação do impacto gerado no desempenho hospitalar pelas ações regulatórias, por meio de pesquisa survey com os gestores hospitalares. Os resultados sugerem que as ações regulatórias geram impacto positivo no desempenho geral do hospital, conforme a percepção de 91,3% dos gestores sobre a ANVISA e 61,9% sobre a ANS. Além disso, os achados sugerem que os fatores “definições de requisitos técnicos para o funcionamento dos serviços” e os “mecanismos de fiscalização” da ANVISA, impactam negativamente no desempenho econômico financeiro. Bem como, o estabelecimento do “rol de procedimentos para cobertura” das Operadoras de saúde, impactam negativamente nas três áreas de desempenho hospitalar explorada: financeira, operacional e assistencial. Por fim, os testes estatísticos realizados na busca de diferenças de respostas dos gestores em relação ao cargo que ocupam e ao porte do hospital onde trabalham não apresentaram relações estatísticas significantes e pouco poder explicativo.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:50:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Uma lectina da entrecasca de Sebastiania jacobinensis (SejaBL) foi isolada por combinação de precipitação acetônica, fracionamento salino, cromatografia de troca iônica e gel filtração. A massa molecular de SejaBL foi determinada por SDS-PAGE e gel filtração, sendo de 52,0 kDa e 50,0 kDa, respectivamente. A lectina é uma glicoproteína com teor de carboidrato neutro de 6,94%, composta por duas subunidades com mesma massa molecular de 24 kDa. A lectina purificada hemaglutinou hemácias de coelho e humana. Glicoproteínas inibiram a hemaglutinação. SejaBL apresentou atividade máxima na faixa de pH 3,0-7,5, estabilidade térmica até 70 °C e é potencial inibidor da atividade da tripsina. Espectroscopia de fluorescência indicou a existência de superfícies hidrofóbicas. Lectina inibiu o crescimento micelial de Fusarium moniliforme e Fusarium oxysporum com um IC50 de 123±0,5&#956;g e 303±0,9&#956;g, respectivamente. Organismos não alvos, larvas Artemia salina e embriões de Biomphalaria glabrata, não foram afetados, indicando baixa toxicidade ambiental. Como modelo experimental, a lectina purificada de S. jacobinensis (SejaBL) foi utilizada como prova de que mudanças no centro hidrofóbico, causados pela irradiação gama, alteram estruturalmente proteínas. Para elucidar o efeito dos radicais livres nas propriedades moleculares de SejaBL atividade, estrutura terciária (intrínseca e bis-ANS fluorescência), massa molecular e perfil cromatográfico foram examinados após - irradiação em várias doses (0,020 a 35kGy). Atividade hemaglutinante específica (AHE), na lectina irradiada, mostrou perda significativa (p<0,05) acima de 12,5kGy e aumento significativo (p<0,05) em 0,1, 0,8 e 1kGy. Espectroscopia de fluorescência indicou supressão da emissão de fluorescência quando excitado a 280 e 295nm, com elevada ligação do bis-ANS, após altas doses. SDS-PAGE e HPLC-RP mostraram fragmentação polipeptídica. Mudança significativa na superfície hidrofóbica indicou captação de hidrogênio radical em aminoácidos, causando desorganização estrutural da lectina. Flavonóides são produtos secundários de plantas com capacidade para capturar radicais livres. A lectina da entrecasca de S. jacobinensis (SejaBL), proteína capaz de ligar a carboidrato, tem sua superfície hidrofóbica modificada por radicais livres produzidos pela água radiólise. No presente estudo, o efeito protetor sobre a proteína pela estabilidade antioxidante de flavonóides da entrecasca de S. jacobinensis (SejaBF), após irradiação gama, foi investigada. Dois flavonóides foram isolados com rápida recuperação da capacidade para capturar radical mensurado pelo 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo radical (DPPH) a 0,5 mg/mL, após alta dose de irradiação. Os danos causados por irradiação na AH foi minimizado em 55% na presença dos flavonóides. Os resultados mostraram radioestabilidade da capacidade antioxidante de SejaBF, protegendo a lectina de radicais livres após irradiação

Prédication et propagande : à première vue, ces deux phénomènes n’étaient pas faits pour fonctionner de pair, surtout au Moyen Âge, alors que la prédication avait une activité intense et la propagande ne possédait pas encore d’identité lexicale intrinsèque. Ils parvinrent toutefois à se rencontrer de manière répétée, notamment pendant la guerre de Cent Ans, parce que le souverain, Édouard III, avait besoin de soutien pour ce qu’il appelait sa ‘juste cause’ ; ce soutien lui fut apporté par un grand nombre d’ecclésiastiques qui prièrent et firent prier pour lui.. Les sermons pro rege sont emblématiques de l’époque ainsi que de l’état d’esprit qui régnait alors : les maîtres de la parole, ainsi que l’on a parfois appelés, s’employaient à concilier, du mieux qu’ils pouvaient, les affaires du monde temporel avec celles du monde spirituel. C’était là une tâche ardue en raison des multiples devoirs que leur imposait leur charge pastorale mais le sermon, qui peut être considéré comme un moyen de communication, permettait de suivre les préceptes de Saint Augustin : enseigner, docere, plaire, delectare, mais aussi toucher, flectere, afin de remporter la victoire / Preaching and propaganda : those two phenomena were not originally meant to work together, all the more so during the Middle Ages when the former was very active and the latter did not have a lexical identity of its own. However, they did manage to meet on a frequent basis at the beginning of the Hundred Years war, particularly in the pulpit via enthusiastic sermons preached by men who were trying to reconcile the affairs of the secular as well as the spiritual world. The pro rege sermons were devised according to the strict technical rules of the artes praedicandi of the times and preached by men of the cloth, faithful servants of the State who enthusiastically defended the king’s cause and explained how just his war was. They did so with the tools of their trade, that is the strength of the Sacra Scriptura, whose acute knowledge helped them find the relevant passages so as to convince their audiences. The preachers did their best to fulfil the fundamentals of their task : docere, delectare, flectere. This doctrinal three-faceted tenet was worth remembering in wartime : according to Saint Augustine, teaching is necessary, pleasing is agreeable but winning over is the most important element.

A la fin du Moyen Age l’historiographie normande connaît un nouvel essor par la rédaction dans la seconde moitié du XIVe siècle de la Grande Chronique de Normandie. Le texte relate l’histoire du duché de Normandie et du monde anglo-Normand entre 911 et 1204. En 911 le chef viking Rollon recevait du roi de France Charles le Simple le territoire de Neustrie contre promesse de défendre ses frontières et de se convertir au catholicisme. Les Normands feront croître leur territoire au-Delà des limites de la Manche, initiant ainsi une nouvelle dynastie royale en Angleterre. La Normandie sera rattachée en 1204 à la couronne française de Philippe Auguste. Tardivement mis en image au XVe siècle, le texte sera illustré de scènes typologiques, traditionnellement utilisées dans les chroniques médiévales. Puis, se développerons des images plus complexes et narratives. Le but étant toujours la mise en exergue de la dynastie anglo-Normande. Produits durant ou juste après la guerre de Cent Ans, les manuscrits s’inscrivent dans un contexte tout à fait singulier. L’histoire normande sera utilisée à des fins politiques pour servir les prétentions des belligérants ou pour éduquer le lectorat médiéval. Largement diffusée dans le nord de la France l’illustration des manuscrits a permis la mise en place d’une tradition iconographique relative à la dynastie anglo-Normande dans trois grands centres artistiques : la Normandie, Paris et les Flandres. Enfin, le texte sera remanié et continué afin de poursuivre l’histoire normande jusqu’aux temps présents de la production. La Grande Chronique de Normandie a survécu à l’apparition de l’imprimerie tout en perdant toutefois sa récente tradition iconographique / In the late Middle Ages, the writting of the GCN gave to the norman historiography a new growth in the second half of the 14th century. The text dealt with the history of the duchy of Normandy and the anglo-Norman world from 911 to 1204. In 911, the Viking chief Rollo received the territory of Neustrie from Charles the Simple, king of France, in exchange of the promise to defend the border and to become catholic. The Normans increased there territory over the Channel, thus they started a new dynasty in England. The Normandy has been attached to the french crown under the reign of Philippe Auguste. At a late stage, the text of the GCN has been illuminated with typologic scenes, traditionnaly used in medieval chronicals. Moreover, images became more and more complicated and narrative as well, whose purpose was still the highlighting ofthe anglo-Norman dynasty. The context of the making of the manuscripts is very specific in so far as they have been made during or shortly after the One Hundred Year War. The norman history will be used for the political interest of the belligerants as well as to educate the medieval readership. Widely spread in Nothern France, the illuminated manuscripts permitted the settlement of an iconographic tradition related to the anglo-Norman dynasty in three great artistic centres : the Nomandy, Paris and Flanders. Finally, the text has been changed and increased in order to go on the norman history till now. The GCN managed to go through the period of printing, therefore it lost its new iocnography recently gained.

Schimmeliges Brot, Nasensekret, offene Wunden, Cholera, schmutzige Toiletten, Maden, Begegnungen mit Leichen, Sodomie und sogar Mord – alle diese Dinge haben einen potentiell Ekel erregenden Charakter gemeinsam und gehören somit zu den häufigsten Ekel auslösenden Faktoren (Haidt et al. 1994; Rozin et al. 2000; Oaten et al. 2009). Dies wurde in verschiedensten Studien bereits anhand von theoretischen Fragestellungen, Bildern, Viedeoclips, Gerüchen und Geräuschen untersucht (Rozin et al. 1999; Vernet-Maury et al. 1999; Wright et al. 2004; Stevenson und James 2008; de Jong et al. 2011). In der Fachliteratur finden sich jedoch nur sehr wenige Studien in Bezug auf Töne bzw. Geräusche und fast keine Nachweise dafür, dass auch über Tasteindrücke Ekel ausgelöst werden kann. Bei der Erforschung von Emotionen stellt sich oft die Frage nach deren Objektivierbarkeit. Aus diesem Grund erfolgten in den letzten Jahren zahlreiche Studien, in denen beim Empfinden von Emotionen gleichzeitig Parameter des autonomen Nervensystems gemessen wurden. Dabei gibt es allerdings einige Kontroversen darüber, ob ein emotionsspezifisches Verhalten dieser Parameter vorliegt (Vernet-Maury et al. 1999; Cacioppo et al. 2000; Barrett 2006). Zusätzlich fällt bei solchen Untersuchungen erneut eine Verteilung der präsentierten Reize mit einer deutlich höheren Anzahl an Bildern, Videoclips und Gerüchen gegenüber Geräuschen und Tasteindrücken auf (Kreibig 2010). Um nachzuweisen, dass Ekel über verschiedene Sinneseindrücke ausgelöst werden kann, wurden in dieser Studie 125 Probanden mit Ekel erregenden und neutralen Bildern, Geräuschen, Gerüchen und Tasteindrücken konfrontiert. Diese wurden in folgende Kategorien aufgeteilt: verdorbenes Essen, kranker Mensch und Fäkalien. Nach den jeweiligen Reizen erfolgte eine subjektive Einschätzung der Probanden über die empfundene Emotion mittels einer Abfrage der Basisemotionen und der Self-Assessment Mannikin. Des Weiteren wurde jeweils eine Kategorie der Sinnesreize zuvor benannt. Zusätzlich erfolgten mit einem Teil der Probanden Wiederholungsmessungen, zur Messung einer eventuellen Gewöhnung an diese Reize. Weiterhin wurden Parameter des autonomen Nervensystems (Herzfrequenz, systolischer Blutdruck und Hautleitwert) bei allen Probanden und Durchläufen aufgezeichnet. Die Probanden wurden zuvor auf Einschränkungen hinsichtlich ihrer Sinneswahrnehmungen überprüft. Die Auswertung der Ergebnisse erfolgte nach den subjektiven Bewertungen, der Parameter des autonomen Nervensystems, nach Geschlecht getrennt und jeweils in Bezug auf die Wiederholungsmessungen. Es ergaben sich dabei im Wesentlichen folgende Ergebnisse: 1. Es konnte anhand der subjektiven Bewertungen gezeigt werden, dass alle potentiell ekeligen Sinnesreize auch als ekelig empfunden wurden. Gerüche und Tasteindrücke riefen zusätzlich Überraschung hervor. Visuelle Reize lösten am stärksten Ekel aus. Es konnte erstmals demonstriert werden, dass sich in Bezug auf die unterschiedlichen Sinneskanäle, unterschiedliche autonome Aktivierungen zeigten. Ein allgemein ekelspezifisches Verhalten der autonomen Parameter wurde im Einklang mit der Literatur nicht nachgewiesen (Barrett 2006). 2. Frauen ekelten sich in Bezug auf Bilder mehr als Männer, was sich mit anderen Literaturangaben deckt (Rozin et al. 1999; Curtis et al. 2004). Zudem wurde für Frauen teilweise eine höhere sympathische Aktivierung beim Wahrnehmen von Tönen, Gerüchen und haptischen Eindrücken ermittelt. 3. Das Label führte zu einem höheren Empfinden von Ekel für Tasteindrücke und Gerüche und zu einem größeren Blutdruckabfall bei Gerüchen. Dies bestätigt den großen Einfluss von Assoziationen beim Wahrnehmen von Gerüchen, da ein Käsegeruch je nach Kontext auch als Schweißgeruch interpretiert werden kann. Dieser Bewertungsaspekt konnte bereits für Gerüche nachgewiesen werden (Herz und von Clef 2001; Bensafi et al. 2007) und lässt ebenso für Tasteindrücke eine assoziative Komponente vermuten. 4. Bei den Wiederholungsmessungen fand keine Gewöhnung für Töne und Gerüche statt und die autonomen Messungen zeigten, dass keine Sensitivierung stattfindet. Auch nach Abschluss dieser Studie konnte keine eindeutige Aussage hinsichtlich eines Ekel spezifischen Verhaltens autonomer Parameter getroffen werden. Das Verhalten des autonomen Nervensystems ist von vielen Faktoren abhängig und wird wie hier gezeigt, durch den angesprochenen Sinneskanal mit beeinflusst. Ebenso spielen Geschlechtsunterschiede, Assoziationen und wiederholte Reizexposition eine Rolle beim Empfinden von Ekel. Alle diese Aspekte wurden in der durchgeführten Studie berücksichtigt und kontrovers diskutiert. Es wird hierbei keineswegs ein Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit erhoben. Diese Studie hatte zum Ziel verschiedene Aspekte in Bezug auf die Emotion Ekel mit Hilfe der Parameter des autonomen Nervensystems zu untersuchen. Die vorliegende Studie hilft widersprüchliche Ergebnisse in der Literatur aufzuklären und einzuordnen, indem erstmals ausführlich auf die Relevanz des angesprochenen Sinneskanals hingewiesen wird. / Mould bread, nasal discharge, gaping wounds, Cholera, dirty toilets, maggots, confrontation with corpses, sodomy and even murder – all these things have a potential disgusting character and rank among the most disgusting cues (Haidt et al. 1994; Rozin et al. 2000; Oaten et al. 2009). This has been evaluated in different studies with the help of theoretical questions, pictures, video clips, odours and sounds (Rozin et al. 1999; Vernet-Maury et al. 1999; Wright et al. 2004; Stevenson und James 2008; de Jong et al. 2011). However, only few studies concern disgusting sounds and to even lesser extend haptical impressions. It is one of the most challenging questions in emotion research, how to objectify them. In recent years several studies dealt with the problem of measuring patterns of autonomic responses towards emotions. Nevertheless whether there are emotion specific patterns is discussed controversially (Vernet-Maury et al. 1999; Cacioppo et al. 2000; Barrett 2006). Furthermore, there are again few studies dealing with sounds and haptical impressions (Kreibig 2010). Aim of the present study was to arouse a feeling of disgust through different sensory stimuli. 125 subjects were tested. Before measurement started all subjects were tested concerning restrictions of their sense perception. The participants were confronted with disgusting and neutral pictures, sounds, odours and haptical impressions. These stimuli were separated into three categories: spoiled food, sick person and feces. Additionally always one category was labeled and with a part of the subjects a repetition of measurement was realized. After presentation of each stimulus, participants rated the evoked basic emotion, valence and arousal. During all measurements, patterns of the ANS (heart rate, systolic blood pressure and skin conductance level) were recorded. The analysis based on the ratings, patterns of the ANS, sex and on the repetition measurements. The essential results were as follows: 1. All potential disgusting stimuli evoked a feeling of disgust. Additionally, sounds and haptical impression also evoked surprise. Visual stimuli were rated as most disgusting. Stimulation of different senses induced a different activation of the autonomic nervous system. In accordance with the current literature (Barrett 2006) a general disgust specific behavior could not be proofed. 2. Females felt more disgusted while watching related pictures. This is in line with previous studies (Rozin et al. 1999; Curtis et al. 2004). Furthermore, females showed partly a higher sympathetic activation if confronted with sounds odours and haptical stimuli. 3. The label enhanced feelings of disgust for haptical impressions and odours, only. The label led to a higher deceleration of systolic blood pressure after presentation of disgusting odours. This is in accordance to the previously described suggestibility in olfaction (Herz und von Clef 2001; Bensafi et al. 2007). It can be supposed that there is such an associative component for haptical impressions. 4. Concerning the repetitive measurements no habituation for sounds and odours was found, in contrast to pictures and haptical impressions. Autonomous measurements showed no sensitization. In conclusion, it is not possible to finally judge, whether there is a disgust specific behavior of patterns of ANS or not. This depends on several factors, including the senses disgust is evoked through. Also gender differences and repetitive measurement affect the feeling of disgust. All these aspects were considered in this study and were discussed controversially. This study does not raise the claim to completeness. However, it helps to clarify and classify the inconsistent results in literature by pointing out the relevance of the different sensory channels.

CLIC1 is an intracellular membrane protein that is unusual in that it can exist in both a soluble and an integral membrane form. The manner in which this protein inserts into membranes is unknown although it is proposed to undergo a change in structure whereby it initially experiences a degree of unfolding and then refolds into its new membrane-bound conformation. This study focuses on the characterisation of CLIC1 in terms of its secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure, the determination of its conformational stability at equilibrium and the establishment of its unfolding kinetics, all under conditions of varying pH, polarity, redox conditions, temperature and ionic strength. CLIC1 was found to be most stable at pH 7.0 / 20oC. The unfolding process is two-state and cooperative, producing a DG(H2O) of ~10 kcal/mol and a m-value of ~2 kcal/mol per molar urea. A decrease in pH to 5.5 or an increase in temperature to 37oC resulted in the stabilisation of an equilibrium intermediate species under mild denaturing conditions and a destabilisation of the native state. This was further evidenced by an increase in the rate of unfolding of CLIC1 from the native state to the denatured state under these conditions. A state with similar properties to the intermediate species was detected in the absence of urea at pH 5.5 / 37oC and under non-reducing conditions at both pH 7.0 / 20oC and pH 5.5 / 20oC. The intermediate species is more hydrophobic than either the native or denatured state; it is stabilised by salts, has a reduced secondary structure, increased flexibility and a buried Trp35 relative to the native state. The rate of formation of the intermediate species is a slow process which may involve an oligomerisation step. The results from this study provide an interpretation for the structure and mechanism of CLIC1 pore formation in vivo by comparing the effects of the environment on the structure and stability of the protein.

Prospektive interventionelle Längsschnittstudie zur Untersuchung des Einflusses eines vierwöchigen Intervall-Hypoxie-Hyperoxie- Trainings (IHHT) auf die aerobe Leistungsfähigkeit und Blutparameter von Leistungssportlern unter leistungsphysiologischem Schwerpunkt

No description available.

Au début du mois d'août 1757, sur les rives du lac George, dans la colonie de New York, l'armée française assiège le fort britannique William-Henry. Les Français sont accompagnés de leurs alliés amérindiens, provenant de la vallée du Saint-Laurent et de la région des Grands Lacs. Après un siège d'une semaine, la garnison britannique se rend, le 9 août 1757. Durant cette journée et la suivante, les alliés des Français vont s'en prendre aux militaires britanniques défaits. Ils pillent, ils capturent, ils scalpent, ils exhument les morts, ils se révoltent et ils se vengent. Dans la logique guerrière amérindienne, ces gestes ont un sens symbolique particulier, ils ne sont pas simplement barbares et incompréhensibles comme l'ont cru les Britanniques, les Français et les coloniaux. Les actions des alliés sont dictées par leur culture traditionnelle de même que par le processus de leur intégration dans un système militaire, économique et culturel colonial. / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2014

La partie coloniale de la guerre de Sept Ans commence en 1754 et prend fin officiellement en 1763. Alors que la guerre avance, il devient évident que le rapport de force entre les troupes de la France et celles de la Grande-Bretagne est inégal. Se trouvant dans la position faible, l’état-major français doit donc pallier ce déséquilibre par tous les moyens possibles. Parmi ceux-ci, l’administration coloniale s’appuie sur le renseignement militaire afin de se mettre au courant des plans de l’adversaire et afin de maintenir la cohésion de sa propre armée éparpillée sur le territoire. Jusqu’à quel degré peut-on accorder une utilité à ces « voix de guerre » en Amérique sous le Régime français? Abordée thématiquement, cette thèse examine la création et la cueillette d’informations, leur dissimulation et leur extirpation de l’adversaire, les réseaux de communication par lesquels elles circulent, sont disséminées et acheminées dans la hiérarchie de l’armée française et enfin, les entraves à leur interprétation. En somme, tous les moyens sont bons—parfois même de véritables élans de désespoir—pour surmonter les défis d’une infrastructure fragile afin de maintenir les communications et la cohésion interne. Malgré ses nombreuses failles et faiblesses, le renseignement a permis à l’armée française de mener sa défense sur une plus longue durée, démontrant également encore une fois que l’état-major a fait ce qu’il a pu avec ce qu’il avait à sa disposition. / The colonial portion of the Seven Years’ War began in 1754 and officially ended in 1763. As the war progressed, it became evident that the balance of available troops between the armies of France and Great Britain was uneven. Being in the weaker position, the head of the French army therefore had to make up for this imbalance by all possible means. Among these, the colonial administration relied on military intelligence to uncover the opponent’s plans and to maintain the internal cohesion of its own army scattered over the territory. To what extent were these “voices of war” of use in America under the French Regime? Applying a thematic approach, this thesis examines the creation and gathering of various informations of use to military intelligence, their concealment and their extirpation from the adversary, the communication networks through which they circulated, were disseminated, and were dispatched throughout the hierarchy of the French army, and finally, the obstacles to their interpretation. In short, any and all means were necessary—sometimes representing nothing less than true leaps of faith—to overcome the intrinsic challenges of an already fragile infrastructure in order to maintain communications and an internal cohesion. Despite their many flaws and weaknesses, these logistics of military intelligence were used to bridge the power gap between French and British forces by enabling the French army to maintain its defensive position over a longer period of time, demonstrating once more that the head of the army did what it could with what it had at its disposal.