行動應用程式是當今最受歡迎和最主要的軟體應用程式，因此應用程式的實際行為以及相關的安全和隱私問題變得越來越重要。另一方面，隨著時間的推移，AppStore上有越來越多的應用程式已經停止更新或停止服務，但沒有從AppStore中刪除。然而，用戶對於缺少維護問題一無所知，仍然下載並使用它。在本研究中，我們將解決在應用程式中檢查特定屬性方法序列的問題。通過使用IDApro生成Function call dependency graph和Subroutine control flow graph，我們使用語法分析方式來進行跨子程式的序列檢查方案。我們將通過預先定義屬性的方法序列作為模型來檢查應用程式行為。這個分析方法可以說明在App Store中可用的應用程式中是否存在屬性方法序列。有助於我們在應用程式中檢查一些惡意行為屬性方法序列或特定行為方法序列（例如使用不推薦的api方法）。 我們的網絡爬蟲從官方文件中摘取了的所有可用的iOS SDK方法，並從中提取做為我們的模型序列。我們將檢查應用程式是否包含所準備的模型序列。如果應用程式中存在該序列，我們將在應用程式中記錄子程式中包含的方法序列調用。然後將結果數據匯總到我們的數據庫中，並將結果視覺化、數據化，並建立系統的的API服務。最後，我們構建了一個使用上述檢查功能所識做的的分析系統，並以Web服務形式顯示結果。 / Mobile application is the most popular and dominant software applications nowadays, so the actual behaviors of the application and the related security and privacy issues become more and more important. On the other hand, as time goes by, there are more and more applications on the AppStore stop to update or being abandoned but not removed from AppStore. However, the users know nothing about the lack of maintenance problems and still download and use it. In this research, we will resolve the issue for checking specific property method sequence within an application. By using IDApro to generate function call graph and the subroutine control flow graphs, we use syntax checking strategy to perform a across subroutines sequential checking solution. We will check the application behavior by predefining a property method sequence as pattern and then check with applications’. The analysis method can illustrate whether a property method sequence exists in the application which is available on App Store. This may help us to check some malicious behavior property method sequence or specific behavior method sequence (ex. using deprecated api methods) in the applications. We have prepared some property method sequence as our system input pattern extracted from all the available iOS SDK methods fetching by our web crawler. We will check whether an application contains the prepared method sequence or not. If the sequence exists in the application, we would record the method sequence call included in the subroutine within the application. Then the results data will be aggregated in our database, and export as api service for visualizing and statistic uses. Finally, we construct a call sequence analysis system for the above checking functions and show the result in a web service form

I skolans matematikundervisning inkluderas ibland surfplattor och appar. En app är ett dataprogram som används på surfplattor. Syftet med denna studie är att bilda kunskap om hur lärare i årskurs 1–3 undervisar matematik med hjälp av olika appar. Studien genomfördes genom kvalitativa intervjuer med sex lärare som arbetar kontinuerligt med appar i matematikundervisningen. Resultatet visar att om appar ska användas i undervisningen bör det finnas ett tydligt mål och ett syfte med användandet, samt att det ska kunna kopplas till läroplanen och matematikboken. Vidare framkommer att användandet av appar sker på olika sätt och oftast med flera syften. Främst beskrivs appar som ett kompletterande verktyg och som en tillgång för att introducera ett centralt innehåll. Lärarnas syften med användandet var bland annat för mängdträning, individualisering eller för att skapa en högre måluppfyllelse. Andra syften med att använda appar var tidsbesparing, höjd motivation, direkt återkoppling, eller för bedömning och uppföljning. Lärarna använde olika appar i sin undervisning och det framkom vid intervjuerna att urvalet gjordes på tre olika sätt: Genom ett fritt val, via en IKT-ansvarig på skolorna eller via kommunens IT- avdelning. / Tablets and apps are more and more often used in math teaching. An app is a software program used for tablet computers. The purpose of this study is to create knowledge about how teachers in classes 1–3 teach math with help of different apps. The study was made through qualitative interviews with six teachers who work continuously with applications in math teaching. The result shows that if apps are to be used in teaching there should be a clear goal and purpose of the use. It should also be possible to relate to the curriculum and the course book. Furthermore, the study reveals that there are different ways and purposes of using apps. The apps are mainly described as complementary tools and as an asset in order to introduce a mathematical area. The teachers’ purposes were, for example, to increase the amount of practice, individualization, or to create a higher accomplishment rate. Other purposes of using apps were to produce direct feedback, increase student motivation, or for evaluation and follow-up. The selections of apps which were used for teaching varied and were chosen in three different ways; through free choice, via an ICT responsible, or via an IT office.

The diploma thesis focuses on a proposal for a methodological framework of reporting management in the banking sector and identifying key weaknesses of the current state. Using the proposed methodology precedes weaknesses and proves it on practical example from the real environment. The main benefit of this work is design of a methodological framework that allows the organized management and control of the reporting. It also brings identification of main weaknesses of the current reporting and last but not least universal template for the report specification. The work consists of three parts. The first, theoretical, defines area of reporting in a banking institution. It includes all the terminology, characteristics and types of reports. The second part, analytical, examines the current weaknesses of reporting within the defined area. Provides an overview of three to six major weaknesses in a particular phase of a new report development based on the scientific literature and practical experience of the author of this work in the banking environment. The third and final section contains a draft concept of reporting management in the banking sector with avoidance of the identified weaknesses from the analytical part.

Climate change and changes in the use and coverage of land, caused by human activities, have been changing the soil loss in the Brazilians watershed. Therefore, this paper estimated soil loss by extensive erosion in the watershed of the Piauitinga-SE river and assessed the possible effects of climate change and land use and land cover over the loss of soils in the basin. For this, we used the Universal Soil Loss Equation of (USLE) associated with GIS and remote sensing techniques. Historical series were used (between 15 and 68 years) daily rainfall and data on climate projections coming from the Global Climate Model (GCM), generated by the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC). In the physiographic characteristics of the watershed, were used soil map, hydrographic network, slope information and images of high spatial resolution of the RapidEye sensor to year 2013. With this data, two estimates of soil loss were realized. The first estimate was considered two scenarios for the watershed: Scenario 1 (C1) with physiographic and usage conditions and current land cover; Scenario 2 (C2) with changes in land use and land cover, considering the preserved the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs), as Law No. 12,651/2012. In the second estimate it was considered four climate scenarios of rainfall: Current Scenario, Scenario optimistic (Low B1), Scenario Medium (Medium A1B) and scenario Pessimistic (High A2), and, for them, was only considered natural factors of erosion in the basin. In the first estimate, the two scenarios (C1 and C2) of use and assessed land cover presented most of the basin area with erosion between classes Very Low (0-5 ton-1.ha-1.year), Low ( 5-10 ton-1.ha-1.year) and moderate (10-50 ton-1.ha-1.year). Considering the scenario 2, there was a reduction in soil loss values, especially in the PPAs, proving the importance of maintaining these areas preserved for conservation of soil and water in the basin. As for the second estimate, it was observed that, when compared to the Current Scenario, the climate projections scenarios (Optimistic B1, Medium A1B and Pessimistic A2) caused reduction of rainfall erosivity and soil loss in the basin river Piauitinga - SE / As mudanças climáticas e as modificações no uso e cobertura da terra, provocadas pela ação antrópica, vêm causando alterações nas perdas de solos das bacias hidrográficas brasileiras. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo principal estimar as perdas de solo por erosão laminar na bacia hidrográfica do rio Piauitinga-SE e avaliar os possíveis impactos das mudanças climáticas e do uso e cobertura da terra sobre as perdas dos solos na bacia. Para tal, utilizou-se a Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo (USLE) associada à técnicas de geoprocessamento e sensoriamento remoto. Foram utilizadas séries históricas (entre 15 e 68 anos) de precipitações diárias e dados de projeções climáticas oriundos do Global Climate Model (GCM), gerados pelo Community Climate System Model (CCSM) para o quarto relatório de avaliação do Painel Intergovernamental das Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC). Na caracterização fisiográfica da bacia, foram utilizados mapas de tipo de solos, rede hidrográfica, informações de relevo e imagens de alta resolução espacial do sensor RapidEye do ano de 2013. De posse dos dados, foram realizadas duas estimativas de perdas de solo. Na primeira estimativa foram considerados dois cenários para a bacia: Cenário 1 (C1), com as condições fisiográficas e de uso e cobertura da terra atuais; Cenário 2 (C2) com alterações no uso e cobertura da terra, considerando as Áreas de Preservação Permanentes Preservadas, conforme Lei nº 12.651/2012. Na segunda estimativa foram avaliados quatro cenários climáticos de precipitação pluviométrica: Cenário Atual, Otimista B1, Médio A1B e Pessimista A2, sendo que, para estes, foram considerados apenas os fatores naturais de erosão da bacia. Na primeira estimativa, os dois cenários (C1 e C2) de uso e cobertura da terra avaliados apresentaram maior parte da área da bacia com erosão entre as classes Muito Baixa (0-5 ton-1.ha-1.ano), Baixa (5-10 ton-1.ha-1.ano) e Moderada (10-50 ton-1.ha-1.ano). Considerando o Cenário 2, houve uma redução nos valores de perda de solos, principalmente nas APPs, comprovando a importância de manter estas áreas preservadas para a conservação do solo e da água na bacia. Já para a segunda estimativa, foi observado que, quando comparado ao Cenário Atual, os cenários de projeções climáticas (Otimista B1, Médio A1B e Pessimista A2) provocaram redução da erosividade das chuvas e perdas de solo na bacia do rio Piauitinga - SE.

Debido a los cambios tecnológicos experimentados en las últimas décadas, las tendencias del consumidor se han modificado drásticamente. Han cambiado los patrones de compra al igual que las necesidades y motivaciones de los consumidores. El internet transformó la lógica de la mercadotecnia, ya que cambió los tiempos y el acceso a la información al igual que el desarrollo y consolidación de un producto. En el caso del mercado de los teléfonos inteligentes, se vive un crecimiento exponencial, consecuencia de la cultura de la portabilidad, optimización del tiempo y la facilidad de compra. Esta situación ha generado que las empresas desarrollen aplicaciones (apps) que apoyen en el proceso de compra, cuyo diseño está orientado a satisfacer necesidades y crear relaciones duraderas con los clientes. Para la presente investigación, se estudiará la relación de los factores que más inciden en la percepción de la calidad del servicio de delivery a través de aplicativos móviles que emplean los usuarios que viven o trabajan en Lima Metropolitana del NSE A/B/C en el año 2019. El enfoque de la investigación fue mixto, en donde se realizó un estudio cualitativo, donde se empleó entrevistas a expertos en el rubro y en marketing digital. También se realizó un estudio cuantitativo mediante 314 encuestas al público objetivo para validar y complementar la información obtenida. Se obtuvo como principal hallazgo que sí existe relación significativa entre los factores de seguridad y empatía, que son los más influyentes en la calidad del servicio de delivery a través de aplicativos móviles. / Due to the technological changes experienced in the last decades, consumer trends have changed dramatically, purchasing patterns have changed as well as the needs and motivations of consumers. The internet transformed the logic of marketing as it changed the times and access to information as well as the development and consolidation of a product. In the case of the smartphone market, there is exponential growth as a consequence of the culture of portability, optimization of time and ease of purchase. This situation has led companies to develop applications (apps) that support the purchasing process, whose design is aimed at satisfying needs and creating lasting relationships with customers. For this research, the relationship of the factors that most affect the perception of the quality of the delivery service through mobile applications used by users who live or work in Metropolitan Lima of the NSE A / B / C in the 2019 will be studied. The research approach was mixed, where a qualitative study was carried out using interviews with experts in the field and in digital marketing. A quantitative study was also carried out through 314 surveys to the target audience to validate and complement the information obtained. The main finding was that there is a significant relationship between safety and empathy factors, which are the most influential in quality because they reflect quality of the delivery service through mobile applications. / Tesis

Um effektiv auf neue Marktgegebenheiten reagieren zu können, versuchen Industrieunternehmen ihre internen Geschäftsabläufe schlank und effizient zu halten. Dies stößt jedoch an Grenzen, wenn tradierte Unternehmens-IT im Zuge der digitalen Transformation mit neuen Geschäfts- und Bedienfähigkeiten ausgestattet werden soll. Die Integration von Systemen und Daten sowie die prozessuale Steuerung einer sich neu ordnenden IT-Landschaft verlangt nach neuen Konzepten, die die Besonderheit von kooperativen Wertschöpfungsprozessen berücksichtigen. Der Beitrag stellt die Anwendung der Action Design Research für die Konzeption, Entwicklung, Einführung und Auswertung einer IT-Applikation innerhalb eines Anwendungsfalls der Montageplanung der Automobilproduktion heraus. Dazu wird der Ansatz der Conversational Workflows, ein für die Zusammenarbeit in wissensintensiven, kooperativen Industrieprozessen entwickelter Applikationsaufbau, zur Lösung der Problemstellung herangezogen. Mit Hilfe eines auf den Anwendungsfall angepassten Ablaufs der Action Design Research werden in zwei partizipativen ADR-Zyklen sowohl eine MVP-Version als auch eine produktive Variante einer Web-Applikation für die Materialmodulbereitstellung entwickelt und im Praxissystem erlebbar gemacht. Im Ergebnis konnte sich das Konzept der Conversational Workflows als geeignet herausstellen und lässt zusätzlich Raum für kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklungen. Auf methodischer Seite hat sich gezeigt, dass eine Ergänzung der konzeptionellen ADR-Phasen um Design Thinking zu einer verbesserten Artefaktentwicklung beitragen kann.

Objetivo: Adaptar culturalmente y reportar evidencia de validez de contenido del cuestionario de usabilidad mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) de aplicaciones interactivas al idioma español en proveedores de atención médica. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de diseño transversal e instrumental que busca analizar las propiedades psicométricas sobre las evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de instrumentos de medida, además de estar encaminados en procesos de adaptación, en el cual se evaluó el cuestionario en base a las categorías Coherencia, Relevancia, Claridad y Suficiencia. También se evaluó la redacción y la equivalencia semántica del nuevo instrumento con el original. Se calculó el V de Aiken por pregunta en las categorías Coherencia, Relevancia y Claridad con un intervalo de confianza (IC) al 95%. Se consideró aceptable un IC como límite inferior mayor o igual a 0.70. Se aplicó una prueba piloto en 30 médicos usuarios de aplicaciones interactivas para medir el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. La evaluación de la categoría Suficiencia, se dio por el grupo de ítems que conforman la dimensión a valorar, y no por ítem, dado que se evalúa si son suficientes o no para ello. Resultados: Todos los resultados obtenidos para los ítems tuvieron un V de Aiken con IC al 95% mayor a 0.70. El promedio de edad de los participantes fue 32.1 (DE = 4.61) y 17 (56.7%) eran de sexo masculino. En la traducción directa, las diferencias más resaltantes fueron los términos “involved”, “recover” y “manage”, los cuales fueron traducidos como “dedicado”, “corregí” y “manejar” respectivamente. Además, en el proceso de traducción inversa se pudo observar diferencias semánticas en la retraducción de los términos “deliver” y “acknowledged” originales del cuestionario. Para la fiabilidad, la primera dimensión (Facilidad de uso y satisfacción) tuvo un α= 0.90, la segunda dimensión (Estructura de la información del sistema) tuvo un α= 0.87 y la tercera dimensión (Utilidad) tuvo un α= 0.92. Todos los valores de Alfa fueron superiores a 0.70. Conclusión: A partir del desarrollo de este estudio se contará con una herramienta adaptada culturalmente y con evidencia de validez de contenido. Dicha herramienta contribuirá a medir la usabilidad de aplicaciones por parte de médicos. / Objective: To culturally adapt and report evidence of content validation of the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ) of interactive applications in the Spanish version among health care providers. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional and instrumental design study that seeks to analyze the psychometric properties on the evidence of validity and reliability of measurement instruments in addition to being directed towards adaptation processes, in which the questionnaire was evaluated based on the characteristics of Coherence, Relevance, Clarity, and Sufficiency. Besides, we also evaluated the new instrument's wording and semantic equivalence compared to the original document. The Aiken’s V was calculated per question for the characteristics of Coherence, Relevance, and Clarity, and the confidence interval (CI) was 95%. The minimum acceptable standard for CI was 0.70. A pilot test was administered among 30 doctors who were users of interactive applications to measure the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Regarding the characteristic of Sufficiency, validation was not conducted per item, but per item sections that made up the dimension to be evaluated, since we assess whether they are sufficient to do so or not. Results: All the results obtained for the items showed Aiken's V with CI of 95% higher than 0.70. The participants’ average age was 32.1 (SD = 4.61) and 17 (56.7%) were male. When translating from English into Spanish, the most relevant differences were the terms “involved”, “recover”, and “manage”, since they were translated as dedicado (devoted), corregir (correct), and manejar (handle), respectively. Furthermore, when translating from Spanish into English, we observed semantic differences in the back-translation process of the terms “deliver” and “acknowledged” on the original questionnaire. Regarding reliability, the first dimension (ease of use and satisfaction) achieved α= 0.90, the second dimension (system information arrangement) achieved α= 0.87, and the third dimension (usefulness) achieved α= 0.92. All alpha values were higher than 0.70. Conclusion: Based on the development of this research study, we will have an instrument that is culturally adapted and shows evidence of content validation. This instrument will allow us to measure the usability of applications among doctors. / Tesis

This study researches communication 2020-2021 via the Tinder dating app in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic, using a framework of mediatization, uses and gratification theory and affordance theory. Data collection was performed using qualitative interviews via Zoom video calls with respondents based in Sweden and findings were analyzed using thematic analysis.  Results of the study discusses phenomena when the physical world and a mediatized one interlock: even though the Tinder app afforded people to connect during the COVID-19 pandemic, the worlds are not independent of each other. Uncertainty and stress could seep into the dating app practice and create a hindrance to easy communication, even though the Tinder app was trying to accommodate the changing times. The study explores that the dehumanizing aspect of reducing a person to a single attribute and deleting that person is connected to a heightened affordance of gamification of relationships that is connected to deep mediatization, moments of our everyday practices immersed in new kinds of mediated communication. Steered behaviour from the app occurs in the Tinder interface which this paper explores, connected to data-driven decision making, a critical tool allowing mobile app developers to not only figure out customer behaviour but also to design customised products. Connected here is the mediatized interplay between humans and technology. If the Tinder app was hard to set up or navigate, the different needs and gratifications would not be met and users would simply vanish.  This paper argues the Tinder app design encourages speed and has coded distractions to actually work against the perceived gratification of meeting a partner and ultimately rendering the service redundant. The COVID-19 pandemic, this thesis explores, has spurred different generations to adapt to new practices and technologies but that these affordances do not always correlate to new dating app practices such as video dating. A mediatized way of meeting physically has been brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. An additional step has been added to online dating practices, the walk, which has 2 lowered the threshold of the initial date by being perceived as an easier option. A direct consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic connected to online dating. This paper also argues intimacy through media sharing, such as humour and jokes via technology in a mediatized world. Lastly, this paper explores the safety aspects of the Tinder app, connected to catfishing and also gender blindness.

Nuestra propuesta de negocio se enfoca en crear la empresa Yummy, la cual consiste en el desarrollo de una aplicación que permita brindar un espacio a emprendedores de venta de comidas caseras y a clientes que adquieran comidas de preferencia, preparadas como en casa. Nuestro mercado objetivo ha sido definido en base a tres variables de segmentación: demográfico, psicográfico y conductual. Para la variable demográfica, se ha considerado a personas que residan o laboren en las zonas 4, 6 y 7 de Lima Metropolitana. Por otro lado, para la variable psicográfica el enfoque va hacia los emprendedores, teniendo en cuenta que estos cuenten con la característica de ser innovadores, creativos y capaces de posicionarse en el mercado. Asimismo, la variable conductual se enfoca en clientes y emprendedores que suelen realizar compras a través de plataformas virtuales. Para poder acceder a los beneficios de nuestra aplicación, es necesario que, tanto clientes como emprendedores, creen su usuario. Nuestra estrategia publicitaria se basa en crear contenidos para difundir a través de las redes sociales tales como Facebook, Instagram y GoogleAds. Finalmente, el diseño de análisis financiero realizado en nuestra empresa nos indica que el costo de oportunidad (COK) es 22.20%, el costo promedio ponderado de capital (WACC) es 14.64% y el TIR FCLD es 37.23%. Por lo tanto, consideramos que este proyecto será rentable. / Our business proposal focuses on creating the Yummy company, which consists of the development of an application that allows us to provide a space to entrepreneurs selling home-cooked meals and customers who purchase preferred meals, prepared at home. Our target market has been defined based on three segmentation variables: demographic, psychographic and behavioral. For the demographic variable, people who reside or work in zones 4, 6 and 7 of Metropolitan Lima have been considered. On the other hand, for the psychographic variable, the focus goes to entrepreneurs, considering that they have the characteristic of being innovative, creative, and capable of positioning themselves in the market. Likewise, the behavioral variable focuses on customers and entrepreneurs who usually make purchases through virtual platforms. To obtain the benefits of our application, it is necessary that both clients and entrepreneurs create a username. Our advertising strategy is based on creating content to spread through social networks such as Facebook, Instagram, and Google Ads. Finally, the financial analysis carried out indicates that the opportunity cost (COK) is 22.20%, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 14.64% and the FCLD IRR is 37.23%. Therefore, we consider that this project will be profitable. / Trabajo de investigación

As mobile devices are nowadays used regularly and everywhere, their energy consumption has become a central concern for their users. However, mobile applications often do not consider energy requirements and users have to install and try them to reveal information on their energy behavior. In this paper, we compare mobile applications from two domains and show that applications reveal different energy consumption while providing similar services. We define microbenchmarks for emailing and web browsing and evaluate applications from these domains. We show that non-functional features such as web page caching can but not have to have a positive influence on applications' energy consumption.