In this thesis artwork is defined, through analogy with quantum mechanics, as the conjoining of the nonsimultaneously measurable momentum (waves) of artwork-text (words within the primary sources and exhibition catalogues) with the position (particles) of artwork-objects (artist- productivity/exhibition-quantities). Such a proposition allows for the changes within the artwork of the Russian avant-garde to be charted, as such artwork-objects are juxtaposed with different artwork-texts from 1902 to 2009. The artwork of an initial period from 1902 to 1934 is examined using primary-source artwork-text produced by Russian artists and critics in relation to the contemporaneous production-levels of various types of Russian-avant-garde artwork-objects. The primary sources in this dataset are those reproduced in the artwork-text produced by the 62 exhibitions described below, and those published in John E. Bowlt's 1991 edition of Russian Art of the Avant-Garde: Theory and Criticism. The production of artwork in the latter period from 1935 to 2009 is examined through consecutive exhibitions, and the relationship between the artwork-text produced by these exhibitions and the artwork-objects exhibited at them. The exhibitions examined within this thesis are 62 containing Russian avant-garde artwork, held in Britain from 1935 to 2009. Content analysis, using an indices-and-symptom analytical construct, functions to convert the textual, unstructured data of the artwork-text words to numerical, structured data of recording-unit weighted percentages. Whilst artist-productivity and exhibition-quantities of types of artwork-object convert the individual artwork-objects to structured data. Bivariate correlation, descriptive statistics, graphs and charts are used to define and compare relationships between: The recording units of the artwork-texts; the artist-productivity/ exhibition-quantities of types of artwork-objects; the structured artwork-text data and structured artwork-object data. These various correlations between structured artwork-text data and structured artwork-object data are calculated in relationship to time (Years) to chart the changes within these relationships. The changes within these relationships are synonymous with changes within Russian avant-garde artwork as presented from 1902 to 1934 and within the 62 British exhibitions from 1935 to 2009. Bivariate correlations between structured artwork-texts data and structured artwork-objects data express numerically (quantitatively) the ineffable relationships formed over time by large sets of unstructured data in the continued (re)creation of artwork.

Orientador(a): Mauricio Funcia De Bonis / Banca: Alberto Tsuyoshi Ikeda / Banca: Gustavo de Moura Valença Motta / Resumo: Na segunda metade do Século XX, em especial nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, artistas e intelectuais discutiram calorosamente acerca da relação entre a atuação poética (criativa) do artista e sua influência no campo político e ideológico social. Nesse contexto, o compositor inglês Cornelius Cardew (1936 - 1981) se destacou por desenvolver um trabalho composicional e teórico contundente, crítico e autocrítico sobre a vanguarda musical e sua dimensão ideológica. Transitou entre duas das mais influentes orientações estéticas da segunda metade do Século XX, a música de vanguarda e a música politicamente engajada, ambas fundamentais na construção de chaves de leitura acerca da relação entre o compositor e a sociedade ocidental capitalista. Cardew se dedicou no decorrer de toda a década de 1960 na criação e divulgação de obras diretamente influenciadas pela escola americana experimental. Compôs obras que trabalhavam com a aleatoriedade, a improvisação (The Great Learning, Schooltime Compositions, etc.) e a notação gráfica, dentre essas, Treatise (1963-7) se destaca. Em 1969, ainda ligado às diretrizes aleatórias e ritualísticas da escola americana, o compositor fundou a orquestra experimental Scratch Orchestra (1969-74). Não obstante, influenciado pelo trabalho de pesquisa feito em conjunto com a orquestra (haja a existência de um núcleo de estudos teóricos chamado de Ideological Group), nos anos seguintes ao encerramento das atividades do grupo, Cardew se engajou na utilização da (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In the second half of the twentieth century, especially in the 1960s and 1970s, artists and intellectuals intensify argued about the relationship between the poetic (creative) performance of the artist and his influence on the political and ideological social field. In this context, the English composer Cornelius Cardew (1936 - 1981) stood out for developing a compelling, critical and self-critical compositional and theoretical body of work about the musical avant-garde and its ideological dimension. He transited between two of the most influential aesthetic orientations of the second half of the twentieth century, avant-garde music and politically engaged music, both fundamental in the construction of reading about the relationship between the composer and western capitalist society. Throughout the 1960s, Cardew devoted himself in the creation and dissemination of works directly influenced by the experimental American school. He composed works that worked with randomness, improvisation (The Great Learning, Schooltime Compositions, etc.) and the graphic notation - among these, Treatise (1963-7) stands out. In 1969, still attached to the random approach and ritualistic directives of the American school, the composer founded the experimental orchestra Scratch Orchestra (1969-74). Nevertheless, influenced by the research work done in conjunction with the orchestra (strictly related to the theoretical studies group called the Ideological Group), in the years following the closing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by DANILO PINHEIRO DE AVILA null (danilo.avila@gmail.com) on 2016-10-28T19:38:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - FINALMENTE - REPOSITÁRIO.pdf: 1241131 bytes, checksum: 297f528d21a6afcdc6b76f2b5c034241 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-03T19:40:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 avila_dp_me_fran.pdf: 1251094 bytes, checksum: 15d632fc0bed4576aa94a04a5959177d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-03T19:40:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 avila_dp_me_fran.pdf: 1251094 bytes, checksum: 15d632fc0bed4576aa94a04a5959177d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-28 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Esta pesquisa objetiva compreender as diversas atividades musicais construídas ao longo da década de 1940 pela participação de Hans Joachim Koellreutter no Música Viva. Se, nos primeiros anos desta década, este é entendido como grupo e sociedade, após 1944 assume uma feição específica em torno da liderança de Koellreutter em função dos seus alunos e ex-alunos. Compositor e professor advindo dos círculos da Neue Musik alemã, sua personagem é controversa e suscita uma movimentação neste período que pretende fundar uma nova etapa da modernidade musical brasileira – pelo menos é deste consenso que partem as principais interpretações. A fim de propor uma leitura histórica da sua trajetória, a presente dissertação se divide em três diferentes capítulos de coerência documental e interpretativa própria, verticalizando dilemas específicos a cada movimento dado pelo compositor, procurando compreendê-lo em sua historicidade. Este gesto visa se distanciar dos recursos de memória e se ater ao elo entre as fontes documentais e musicais – principalmente para interrogar a forma serial específica que é trabalhada pelo compositor teuto-brasileiro. Neste horizonte, o conceito de vanguarda surge como um elemento de contradição, partindo-se do pressuposto de que é um termo autorreferido pelo grupo e construído teoricamente; entretanto, ao pensarmos na trajetória do “estilo” de Koellreutter e a filosofia do material que a engendra, temos uma tessitura que não se identifica ao modernismo precedente, nem às intenções do mercado. / This research aims to comprehend the whole musical activities constructed along the 40's decade by the participation of Hans Joachim Koellreutter in Música Viva. If, in the first years of this decade, it is understood as a group or society, further than in 1944 it assumes a specific feature around the leadership of Koellreutter in relation of his students and ex-students. Composer and professor arising from the German Neue Musik circles, his character is controversial and raises a movimentation in this period that pretends to found a new stage in Brazilian musical modernity (at least the main interpretations start from this consensus). In order to propose an historical reading of his trajectory, the present dissertation divides itself in three different chapters with particular interpretative and documentary coherence, deepening specific dilemmas on each step given by the composer, looking forward to comprehend him in his historicity. This gesture aims to distance the resources of memory and attain us to the link between the documentary and musical sources, without identifying them – above all in order to question the specific serial form that is created by the german-brazilian composer. In this horizon, the concept of the avant-garde comes up as an element of contradiction, following the assumption that it is a self-said term and that it is constructed theoretically. However, when we think in the route of the “style” of his compositions and the philosophy of the material that begets it, there is a process that cannot be compared to the precedent modernism. / FAPESP: 2014/03349-7

Durant la période de prospérité des années 1920, avec l’accroissement de la consommation résultant de la seconde révolution industrielle, de nouvelles stratégies commerciales se mettent en place. Alors que la publicité moderne en est à ses premiers balbutiements, les Éditions Paul-Martial — qui sont créées à Paris en 1926 — deviennent, grâce à leur fondateur Paul Martial Haeffelin, une des entreprises les plus novatrices dans le domaine. Elles proposent plusieurs types de prestations : la conception de lignes graphiques, de logotypes, d’affiches, d’annonces, d’encarts qui sont publiés dans les magazines, l’édition de brochures, catalogues et ouvrages publicitaires, ou encore la conception de stands d’exposition. L’entreprise se spécialise dans le domaine industriel. Elle est dotée d’un atelier de graphisme et de typographie, d’une imprimerie et d’un studio photographique. Entre 1929 et 1960, de nombreux reportages extérieurs sont également réalisés sur l’ensemble du territoire français à la demande de grandes sociétés comme la Compagnie des Forges et Aciéries de la Marine et d'Homécourt, les Établissements Arbel, la Société des aéroplanes Henry Potez, la SNCF, Schneider & Cie, Moët & Chandon ou encore l’OTUA. Les archives du studio photographique de l’entreprise sont aujourd’hui réparties dans quatre grandes collections : celle du musée d’art moderne et contemporain de Saint Étienne Métropole, celle du département des estampes et de la photographie de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, celle du Kunstmuseum de Bâle et celle du collectionneur Marc Pagneux. Elles permettent de constater que l’entreprise a œuvré à la promotion de l’industrie durant plus de trente ans en développant une esthétique photographique propre à l’époque, faisant preuve de nombreuses affinités avec l’avant-garde artistique. / During the prosperity period of the 1920’s, new commercial strategies are implemented since the consumers society expands as the result of the second industrial revolution. At the beginnings of modern advertising, the Éditions Paul-Martial — created in Paris in 1926 — became, thanks to their founder Paul-Martial Haeffelin, one of the most innovative compagny in this field.Specialized in the field of the industry, the Éditions Paul-Martial offer several kinds of services : the design of graphical lines, logos, posters, advertisements, inserts that are published in magazines, the edition of brochures, catalogs and advertising works, or the design of exhibition stands. The compagny is equipped with a workshop of graphic design and typography, a printing press and a photographic studio. From 1929 to 1960, many external reports were also made on the whole French territory at the request of large companies such as the Compagnie des Forges et Aciéries de la Marine et d'Homécourt, the Établissements Arbel, the Société des aéroplanes Henry Potez, the SNCF, Schneider & Cie, Moët & Chandon or the OTUA.Today, the archives of the company’s photographic studio are mainly divided into four large collections: that of the musée d’art moderne et contemporain de Saint-Étienne Métropole, of the departement des estampes et de la photographie of the Bibliothèque nationale de France, of the Kunstmuseum Basel and that of the Marc Pagneux collection. Their study allows to note that the Paul Martial editions have worked for the promotion of industry for over thirty years. During the years between the two world wars, the photographers of the company have developed an aesthetic which is characteristic of this period, having many affinities with the avant-garde art movement.

Le futurisme aurait pu n’être qu’une école littéraire parmi les autres, fort nombreuses au début du XXème siècle. Il devient, par contre, un mouvement artistique pluridisciplinaire et international, s’appuyant sur une activité éditoriale frénétique et une stratégie publicitaire sans précédent. Le futurisme est plutôt un rêve, un idéal que Marinetti a essayé de réaliser pendant trente-cinq ans, c’est-à-dire de 1909 jusqu’à sa mort. Le mouvement futuriste n’est qu’un ensemble de tendances et d’idées constamment soumises à des changements dus aux tensions internes, à des phases de ruptures. Le mérite de Marinetti est d’avoir su rassembler des artistes différents, par tempérament ainsi que par histoire personnelle, des groupes éloignés soit du point de vue géographique que par leur sensibilité expressive, dans le but de créer une culture de la modernité spécifiquement italienne, jouant ainsi un rôle fondamental en ce qui concerne le renouvellement de la culture italienne. / Futurism might have been a literary school among the others, very numerous in the early twentieth century. It becomes, on the contrary, a multidisciplinary and international art movement, based on a frenetic publishing activity and a brand new advertising strategy. Futurism is a dream, an ideal that Marinetti sought to make for thirty-five years, from 1909 until his death. The Futurist movement is a set of trends, and ideas are constantly subject to change due to internal tensions, breakdowns in phases. The merit of Marinetti is to have put together different artists, either by temperament or by personal history, also distant groups according to the geographical point of view or their expressive sensitivity, to create a culture of modernity, specifically Italian, thus playing a fundamental role in the renewal of Italian culture.

In 1883 a group of Belgian artists wishing to challenge the hegemony of the Brussels Academy founded the organization, Les Vingt, on the principles of egalitarianism and artistic freedom and elected Octave Maus, editor of the self-proclaimed avant-garde journal, L'Art Moderne, as its secretary. Henceforth, Les Vingt assumed the identity of Belgium's leading visual exponent of modernité and L'Art Moderne became its foremost champion. In actuality, the alliance the Vingtistes formed with L'Art Moderne allowed Octave Maus and his co-editor Edmund Picard to gain control of the group's operations. The journal's editors, through their association with the Belgian social reform movement, had formulated an artistic concept they called l'art social and Les Vingt was to become the incarnation of this new doctrine of social art. During the period of 1887 to 1889, however, while the Belgian workers' movement erupted in a succession of strikes and demonstrations, Maus and Picard radically changed their strategy in marketing Les Vingt to its viewing public. They campaigned for a revised, "depoliticized" avant-garde identity for the group, and the model they chose to represent this new identity was French divisionism. The group's appropriation of divisionism, however, signified a forfeiture of many of the group's original ideals. Furthermore, it became a point of conflict for those Vingtistes who chose to remain loyal to their own styles. This conflict is evident in the case of James Ensor, one of the group's important founding members. During this period, he developed his own personal imagery that was a synthesis of Flemish and modern themes and motifs. This imagery made a bold, critical attack upon Les Vingt's capitulation to French divisionism, which signified an acqui-esence to the ardently Francophile tastes of the Brussels bourgeoisie. The focus of this thesis is an analysis of Les Vingt's avant-garde identity as it evolved out of its relationship with L'Art Moderne, and how that relationship led to the importation of divisionism. Ensor's conflict with Les Vingt and his provocative Flemish imagery is also examined as a means of assessing the significance of Les Vingt's adoption of the French art style. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

Au début des années soixante ont lieu les premiers essais pour créer une alliance des expériences de rénovation cinématographique menées dans divers pays d’Amérique latine. La tentative de révolutionner les formes autonomes du cinéma fut conçue comme une contribution à la révolution sociale et politique revendiquées par les mouvements de libération latino-américains de cette époque. Notre étude est consacrée à l’analyse de ce projet de développement cinématographique, qui sera connu comme Nouveau cinéma latino-américain dès la fin des années soixante. Nous examinerons les films et les réflexions théoriques de quelques-uns des cinéastes qui adhérèrent au projet, dont l’œuvre se caractérise par un positionnement subversif au sein du champ cinématographique, face à la position hégémonique du modèle hollywoodien. À travers l’analyse des apports théoriques de ces réalisateurs et l’étude des rencontres et échanges entre eux, nous chercherons à établir les caractéristiques du concept de Nouveau cinéma latino-américain, ainsi que ses contradictions et limites. / The first attempts to create an alliance of the cinematographic renewal experiences that were occurring in several Latin American countries, took place in the early sixties. The attempt to revolutionize the autonomous forms of the cinema was conceived as a contribution to the social and political revolution claimed by the Latin American liberation movements of the time. Our research is dedicated to the analysis of this cinematographic development project that would be known as the New Latin American Cinema since the late sixties. We will examine the films and the theoretical reflections of some of the filmmakers who adhered to the project, whose work is characterized by a subversive approach within the cinematographic field, in relation to the hegemonic position of the Hollywood model. Through the analysis of the theoretical assumptions of these filmmakers and by studying the meetings and exchanges occurred between them, we will seek to establish the characteristics of the concept of New Latin American Cinema, as well as its contradictions and limits.

L'Art Brut est un concept inventé par le peintre français Jean Dubuffet en 1945 pour désigner des œuvres faites par des artistes non professionnels, autodidactes et isolés en contextes rural, psychiatrique voire carcéral. De 1947 à 1976, avec l'aide de la Compagnie de l'Art Brut, il collecta, présenta et documenta ces œuvres dans le but de remettre en question le goût et les valeurs de son époque. Faites le plus souvent à partir de médias non achetés dans des commerces d'art, leur matérialité questionne les catégories artistiques, les pratiques conventionnelles de l'art, ainsi que l'accrochage muséal.Cette thèse s'attache à montrer en quoi le processus créateur, les matériaux, et les dimensions des œuvres collectées par Dubuffet et ses compagnons ont servi à construire un « mythe », au sens barthien du terme, dans le contexte de l'après Seconde Guerre mondiale. Nous montrons que les matériaux « pauvres », les formats extrêmes – très petits, très grands, informes – ont supporté l'idée fantasmatique d'un art « brut », « hors-norme », « anti-culturel » et « autre ». Notre travail réinscrit, d'autre part, le projet de l'Art Brut dans l'histoire des avant-gardes dans le but d'en montrer la spécificité et la portée politique. Nous mettons enfin en avant en quoi les formats des œuvres collectées ont amené à une réforme de l'espace muséal. La Collection de l'Art Brut, ouverte en 1976 et conçue spécifiquement en fonction de la matérialité des œuvres, se présente comme un modèle muséal à part. / Jean Dubuffet coined the term Art Brut in 1945 to designate artworks made by untrained and non-professional artists. Between 1945 and 1976, with the help of the Compagnie de l'Art Brut, he constituted and exhibited an important collection made of thousands of artworks – the Collection of Art Brut, which was donated to Switzerland in 1976. Art Brut artworks were collected in psychiatric hospitals, rural contexts, or jails. Some are made with second-hand materials, most of them differ from the academic canons, and their uncommon aspect – very large, very small, and formless – questions the artistic norms. This research demonstrates that the materiality of these artworks has been the support of an avant-gardist project and a myth in the context of the post Second World War. They serve Dubuffet's subversive discourse and his fantasy to transform the art and the society of his time through artworks made outside the "cultural" sphere. They also serve the myth of an art « poor », « humble », « natural » and « raw ». In addition to that, this thesis highlights how the sizes of these artworks have changed museum space and display. Unprecedentedly, the Collection de l'Art Brut was conceived according to the materiality of artworks, leaving space to welcome rolls of more than 5 m.

La poésie française de l’entre-deux-guerres présente bien souvent un visage désuni, entre des groupes d’avant-garde à la parole théorique forte, qui renouvèlent en profondeur la pensée et la pratique de la poésie (surréalistes, dadaïstes ou poètes de la modernité bohème sous l’égide d’Apollinaire et de Reverdy), et des poètes sans affiliation, qui laissent une œuvre parfois orpheline de théorie (Claudel, Jouve, qui placent leur œuvre sous le signe de la spiritualité chrétienne, Saint-John Perse ou Fargue, qui recherchent la modernité loin de l’agitation des mouvements littéraires). Ce travail entend proposer une catégorie historiographique susceptible d’offrir une vue cohérente de la poésie de la période, à travers le concept d’image, tel que le développent notamment Reverdy et Breton dans leurs écrits théoriques. L’image et l’analogie sont au cœur des écrits théoriques de l’entre-deux-guerres : elles donnent à la poésie moderne la possibilité de se redéfinir hors des critères désuets du vers et de la rime, de s’identifier à l’expression de la pensée intuitive, dans le vis-à-vis de la rationalité portée par le positivisme. À travers elles, apparait également l’unité esthétique de la poésie de la période, marquée par le goût de l’imaginaire et du merveilleux, la tentation de l’hermétisme. Le concept d’image permet donc d’unifier la poésie de l’entre-deux-guerres, par-delà les divergences qui existent entre ces auteurs, et d’articuler celle-ci à sa théorie et à sa place dans l’histoire des idées. / French poetry of the interwar years often presents an uneven complexion, between groups of the avant-garde that deeply renew both how to think of, and to practice poetry, thanks to their assertive theoretical discourse (surrealists, dadaïsts, or poets belonging to the bohemian modernity under the aegis of Apollinaire and Reverdy), and poets without affiliation, who leave behind them works that are sometimes devoid of theoretical parentage (Claudel, Jouve, whose writing is inspired by Christian spirituality, Saint-John Perse or Fargue, whose quest for modernity unfolds far from the frenzy of literary movements). This thesis wishes to construct a historiographical category liable to give a coherent view of the poetry produced during this period, through the concept of the image, as developed by Reverdy and Breton, particularly in their theoretical writings. The concepts of the image and the analogy are the heart of the theory written during the interwar years : they give modern poetry the possibility of redefining itself outside the obsolete criteria of rhyme and verse, of identifying itself to intuitive thinking as opposed to the rationality carried in positivism. Through them, there appears an aesthetic unity of poetry, characterised by a taste for the imaginary and the marvellous, and the temptation of hermeticism. The concept of the image thus makes it possible to unify interwar poetry, beyond the differences that exist between these authors, and to articulate poetry with its theory and its position in the history of ideas.