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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
271

Tribunal de contas da união: regras institucionais e fatores políticos na explicação de seu desempenho / Brazilian federal audit court: institutional rules and political factors in explaining its performance

Fonsêca, Thiago do Nascimento 22 October 2015 (has links)
O presente trabalho analisa o desempenho do Tribunal de Contas da União no que diz respeito ao controle do uso de recursos públicos federais. Mais especificamente buscou estimar o impacto de variáveis políticas e institucionais sobre a probabilidade das contas de unidades jurisdicionadas pelo TCU serem fiscalizadas e julgadas por irregularidade das contas. Considerando os limites impostos por seu desenho institucional, além da análise descritiva dos dados, modelos de dois estágios (modelo de Heckman) foram aplicados para evitar o viés de seleção provocado pelo fato de que nem todos os jurisdicionados pelo Tribunal de Contas são fiscalizados. Os resultados indicam que variáveis ligadas ao perfil político e técnico dos ministros são menos importantes para explicar a variação de desempenho do Tribunal de Contas, quando comparadas a variáveis institucionais ligadas ao tipo de iniciativa que provocou a fiscalização. Tal resultado contraria duas expectativas presentes em grande parte da literatura especializada, segundo as quais o perfil dos dirigentes do TCU e a coordenação do TCU com outras instituições seriam os fatores explicativos chaves para o padrão de desempenho da instituição. Ao contrário, os resultados sustentam a hipótese de que o sucesso da instituição no que se refere a identificar contas irregulares está mais associado ao empenho dos próprios integrantes do Tribunal de Contas, quando comparado às provocações de outras instituições autorizadas a solicitar fiscalização. / This study analyzes the performance of the Brazilian Federal Audit Court with regard to the control of federal public values. More specifically it sought to estimate the impact of political and institutional variables on the probability of the jurisdictional units accounted by TCU are audited and judged from irregular accounts. When considering the limits imposed by TCUs institutional design, in addition to the descriptive analysis of the data, two-stage models (Heckman model) were applied to avoid selection bias caused by the fact that not all the jurisdictional units are monitored. The results indicate that variables related to political and technical profile of the ministers are less important in explaining the variation in performance of the Court of Auditors, than institutional variables related to the type of initiative that triggered the inspection. This result contradicts the expectation of the literature according to which the composition of TCU\'s leaderships and coordination between TCU and other institutions would be the key factors to explain the standard performance of the institution. Rather, the results support the hypothesis that the success of the institution regarding to identify irregular accounts is more associated with the members efforts of the Court of Auditors, if compared to the initiative of other institutions authorized to request supervision.
272

O trabalho interacional de provimento de justificativas no Disque Saúde (AIDS)

Carvalho, Tatiane Rosa January 2012 (has links)
Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-27T23:17:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 20d.pdf: 572250 bytes, checksum: 6652f90cf32d54eeb4e3d35af46fb164 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-27T23:17:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 20d.pdf: 572250 bytes, checksum: 6652f90cf32d54eeb4e3d35af46fb164 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo vincula-se a um projeto de pesquisa maior (OSTERMANN, 2010) que visa a compreender como moralidade e momentos delicados na saúde da mulher são construídos na e pela interação. Essa dissertação analisa interações gravadas em uma central de teleatendimento do Ministério da Saúde, o Disque Saúde. Os dados analisados consistem especificamente em ligações de usuárias mulheres, cujas dúvidas circunscrevem-se à Síndrome da Imuno Deficiência Adquirida (AIDS). Os dados foram transcritos de acordo com as convenções propostas por Jefferson (1984) e analisados através da abordagem teóricometodológica da Análise da Conversa (SACKS, 1992) e da Análise de Categorias de Pertença (SACKS, 1992). Analisamos como e quando as usuárias prestam contas de suas ações, em particular, oferecendo justificativas às/aos atendentes. Propomos uma nova classificação para o estudo desse fenômeno, qual seja justificativas sequencialmente relevantes e justificativas não sequencialmente relevantes. Ambos os tipos de justificativas parecem relacionadas a questões morais; no entanto, realizam ações distintas nas interações. Enquanto as justificativas sequencialmente relevantes prestam contas acerca de: 1) motivo(s) da ligação; 2) dúvidas; e 3) recusas a ofertas de informação feitas pela/o atendente, as não sequencialmente relevantes prestam contas de: 1) meio de contaminação da usuária pelo vírus HIV ou exposição a fatores de risco de contaminação; 2) comportamento sexual da usuária; e 3) estado emocional da usuária. As justificativas não sequencialmente relevantes apontam para moralidade(s) não explicáveis a partir da análise sequencial proposta pela Análise da Conversa; também sugere a realização de “trabalho moral” (DREW, 1998) , bem como negociação de pertencimento a categorias como mulher e esposa e a associação a predicados usualmente associados a essas categorias. Nossos dados tornam evidente que a vulnerabilidade da mulher ao HIV não é apenas biológica (visto que a infecção da mulher pelo homem é mais provável que o oposto), mas também social. Embora a AIDS tenha afetado todas as classes sociais, as mulheres mais pobres são as que têm menos condições de mudar as situações que as colocam sob risco de contágio. / This study is associated to a larger research project interested in understanding how morality and delicacy emerge and are dealt with in and through interaction. In the current study, we analyze recorded interactions at a Brazilian governmental toll free health helpline: Disque Saúde. The data analyzed consist specifically of calls made by females whose questions revolve around Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The data was transcribed according to the conventions proposed by Jefferson (1984) and analyzed by means of Conversation Analysis (SACKS, 1992) and Membership Categorization Analysis (SACKS, 1992; KITZINGER, 2011) approaches. We analyze when and how the callers account for their actions, in particular, when they offer call takers justifications. We propose a new classification for the study of this phenomenon in sequentially relevant and non-sequentially relevant. Even though both types of justifications seem to be related to morality, they perform different actions in the interactions. Whereas the sequentially relevant justifications mostly account for: 1) the reason(s) for the call; 2) doubts; and 3) refusals to information offers made by the call takers, the non-sequentially relevant justifications account for: 1) callers’s means of contamination with HIV virus or exposure to risk factors of contamination; and 2) callers’ sexually related behavior. The nonsequentially relevantant justifications point to morality issues that cannot be explained by the sequential analysis proposed by conversational analytic methods; it also suggests “moral work” (DREW, 1998), as well as a negotiation of belonging to categories such as mother and wife, and the association with predicates which are usually associated to those categories. Our data indicate that the vulnerability of females to HIV is not only biological (as the infection of females by males is more probable than the opposite), but also social. Although AIDS has affected all social classes, the poorest females are those who have less conditions of changing the situations which put them at risk of contamination.
273

Análise do risco de crédito das principais instituições financeiras que atuam no Brasil em relação a fatores econômicos do país

Silva, Anderson José da 14 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-02-22T11:46:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson José da Silva.pdf: 2051807 bytes, checksum: 6a0deb5807f5de3ecf2b3bf065df65ad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T11:46:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson José da Silva.pdf: 2051807 bytes, checksum: 6a0deb5807f5de3ecf2b3bf065df65ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / Amid the country’s economic slowdown scenario, along with a sharp growth in loan portfolio records at financial institutions that were encouraged by the government in order to promote national development, a circumstantial increase in default is observed. Therefore, a closer attention is needed on credit risk management.This research aims to verify the relationship between the country’s economic factors, mainly the Selic rate, and the performance of allowance for doubtful accounts (AFDA), the total financial institutions’ assets and its impact to the credit risk and their results. Literature review presented the concepts of credit and its risk, Basel Accords risk control requirements and recommendations, and the most expressive facts from Lula and Dilma governments’ economic policy.On the basis of these data, statements from the 30 largest institutions by assets in Brazil from 2010 to 2015 were gathered and, through multiple regression generated by Minitab software it was possible to assess the impact in provisions of the following variables: Selic rate, profitability, size of loan portfolio, and asset size. Aggregating the banks in groups with similar characteristics enabled to observe their behavior in face of the variables, that Selic rate has more influence in private banks and in those with a lower credit in total asset (an increase in Selic rate tends to generate a lower AFDA in relation to the total asset). With respect to the banks with large loan portfolio in relation to the asset, a strong action of Selic rate on provisions was observed. However, an increase in this variable also impacts the provisions increase. When public banks were analyzed, it was not possible to verify a significant influence of this rate in relation to the provisions Regarding natural log of the assets and size of loan portfolio variables in total asset, it was verified their great influence, in general, in the ration between AFDA/total loan portfolio, with greater impact on public banks, the ones with smaller loan portfolio, and those with larger asset portfolio. Profitability has an influence on the ones with larger loan portfolio and on the main private banks, once profitability increases compete for the increase in the provisions on the total of assigned. The performance diagnostic of variables on credit risk ascertain the effect of each index on the response variable, which highlights the credit policy adopted by the clusters, emphasizing the crucial points to effectively manage the risk in favor of quality in financial transactions resulting in improved performance / Em meio ao cenário de desaceleração econômica no país, com o histórico de acentuado aumento na carteira de crédito das instituições financeiras, incentivado pelo governo no intento de promover o desenvolvimento nacional, verifica-se aumento na inadimplência, o que cientifica a necessidade de atenção redobrada para o gerenciamento do risco de crédito. Isto posto, essa pesquisa busca checar a relação entre fatores econômicos do país, principalmente da taxa Selic Meta, com o desempenho das provisões para crédito de liquidação duvidosa (PCLD) no total da carteira de ativo das instituições financeiras, e a sua repercussão no risco de crédito e na rentabilidade. A revisão da literatura discorreu sobre os conceitos de crédito e seu risco, as exigências para seu controle e recomendações de Basileia, bem como sobre a matriz de política macroeconômica adotada durante os governos Lula e Dilma. Subsidiado por esse referencial teórico, levantaram-se as demonstrações das 30 maiores instituições financeiras em ativos no Brasil, do ano de 2010 a 2015 e, por meio de regressão múltipla gerada no software Minitab, diagnosticou-se o impacto, nas provisões, das variáveis taxa Selic Meta, rentabilidade, tamanho da carteira de crédito e tamanho do ativo. Apurou-se que a taxa Selic Meta exerce maior influxo aos bancos privados, no qual o seu aumento impacta negativamente na relação PCLD / total da carteira de crédito, do que comparado às instituições públicas. Também há grande influência desta taxa nos que possuem maior e menor crédito no total do ativo (o aumento da taxa Selic tende a gerar menos PCLD no total de crédito para os menores e mais aos maiores). A rentabilidade gera mais influência e é significativa aos que possuem maior carteira de crédito e seu avanço impacta negativamente na relação PCLD / total de crédito, sendo que ela também é influente nos bancos públicos e privados, mas não significativa. Sobre a variável logaritmo natural do ativo, aferiu-se grande influência dessas na relação PCLD / total de crédito, impactando mais aos bancos públicos e aos que possuem menor carteira de crédito, enquanto a participação da carteira de crédito no total do ativo exerce mais influência aos bancos privados e aos com menor volume de crédito. Constata-se também semelhanças no desempenho de indicadores macroeconômicos como PIB, inflação e taxa de desemprego perante a evolução de variáveis das instituições financeiras. O exercício das variáveis no risco de crédito constata os efeitos delas nas provisões, evidenciando a política de crédito adotada pelas instituições e ressaltando os pontos vitais para o gerenciamento eficaz do risco em prol de um melhor desempenho
274

Avaliação das contas a receber: um estudo da aplicação das Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade nas contas a receber

Oscar, Natanael de Souza 10 October 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Natanael de Souza Oscar.pdf: 4182278 bytes, checksum: 56545453917892a94a5fa6db91235a6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-10 / International accounting has become a worldwide reality and, in Brazil the harmonization process began in 2008, with the promulgation of laws 11.638/07and 11.941/09 when international accounting was adapted for the large companies, in regard to the preparation and publication of financial statements, thus initiating the adhesion to the standards of International accounting. With the creation of the CPC (Committee of Accounting Standards) by resolution CPC no. 1055/05, the process of aligning Brazilian accounting standards to the international standards began with the following objectives: The coherence of standards. The centralization of the translation and issue of standards. The democratic process in the preparation of these standards by the participation of all interested parties such as auditors, and users, whether institutional, academic or governmental. Considering this innovation, as well as the need to develop literature on this theme the realization of a study on international accounting standards and their effect on the evaluation and presentation of Accounts Receivable is described here. To achieve this objective a bibliographic research was made followed over the available literature as well the analyses over the available laws and legal instructions about the theme. Additionally, a randomly research and a review of the published financial statements at December 31, 2009, of previously selected companies listed on the Sao Paulo stock exchange (BOVESPA) related to various the business segments (Trade, Paper Industry, Steel and metals, Construction, Aerospace Industry, Medical, Education, Telephone, Energy and Air Transport) was performed and thus evaluating and presenting the accounts receivable based on new accounting norms aligned international accounting standards - IFRS - International Financial Reporting Standards. In conclusion to our work, we observed that the surveyed companies did apply international accounting standards to their financial statements prepared and published at that date, thereby evaluating and presenting Accounts Receivable within the new Brazilian accounting standards aligned to the International Accounting Standards / A contabilidade internacional tornou-se realidade mundial. No Brasil, o processo de harmonização iniciou-se em 2008, a partir da edição das Leis nº 11.638/07 e 11.941/09 (conversão em lei da MP 449/08), quando contabilidade internacional foi adaptada às sociedades de grande porte, dispondo quanto à elaboração e divulgação de demonstrações financeiras, iniciando, desta forma o processo de adesão aos padrões internacionais de contabilidade. Com a criação do CPC, Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis, a partir da Resolução CFC nº 1055/05, inicia-se o processo de alinhamento das normas contábeis brasileiras às normas contábeis internacionais, objetivando: a convergência em si; ii) a centralização do processo de tradução e emissão das normas e, iii) o processo democrático na produção dessas normas mediante a participação de produtores das normas, auditores, usuários, intermediário, academia e governo. Considerando esta novidade, bem como a necessidade de se desenvolver literatura sobre o tema, a realização de um estudo sobre as normas internacionais e seu efeito sobre a avaliação e a apresentação das das Contas a Receber é apresentado neste trabalho. Para atingir o objetivo proposto neste estudo, foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, com a revisão da literatura composta por levantamento bibliográfico, bem como análise documental das referidas leis buscando embasar teoricamente o estudo. Para complementar o estudo optou-se por realizar uma pesquisa do tipo exploratóriadescritiva, com empresas listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo BOVESPA, na data de 31 de Dezembro de 2009, e que atendem, por obrigação, à Lei 11.638/07, na elaboração e divulgação de seus resultados financeiros. A escolha das empresas, em número de dez, deu-se aleatoriamente, uma vez que seus dados são públicos, contudo buscou-se a diversidade nos segmentos de atuação (de Comércio, Indústria de Papel, Siderurgia e Metalurgia, Construção Civil, Indústria Aeronáutica, Médico, Educação, Telefonia, Energia e Transporte Aéreo). Na elaboração das considerações finais do trabalho, como resultado foi possível concluir que, as empresas pesquisadas aplicaram as normas internacionais para as demonstrações financeiras levantadas e publicadas para aquele período, estando desta forma avaliando e apresentando as contas a receber com base nas novas normas contábeis brasileiras alinhadas às normas contábeis internacionais - IFRS - International Financial Reporting Standard
275

A gest?o dos recursos financeiros do SUS em um munic?pio da Bahia

Rosa, M?rcia Reis Rocha 17 March 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-15T13:31:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 UEFS - Dissertacao - Marcia Rosa.pdf: 1933540 bytes, checksum: db8809df1eeadbe0a91103b9d7008417 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-17 / The object of this paper was the process of financial management that to be in focus on the flow of financial resources since the origin as far as the immediate results of health activities. The objective, here, was to analyze municipal management of financial resources of Unified National Health System (SUS). This paper is a single study case that obtained in the documental analyses the evidence sources. The date financial were collected and analyzed through of the four table s proposal by National Health Accounts (NHA) and compared with the documental date. The characteristics of the service provider and of the activities were detailed carefully because of the methodology powerful with high the date separation. The result of research showed profile of date municipal resource: the federal government contributed to 82% of incomes, after municipality contributed to 17%, and, less participation the state that contributed to 1% of incomes. To point the Total Income of R$ 608,5 per capita and the pantry per capita of the 16 unities of the PSF (Family Health Program) vary from R$ 465,4 to R$ 62,3 per capita/unity/year. The Public Pantry with Health (GPS) per capita was R$ 261/hab/year. The PIB per cent that corresponded GPS was 4,4%. The proportion of incomes allocated to the hospitals was 47%, and ambulatory unities 44% showing a different profile of the another municipalities studied. The activities carried by Family Health Program Unities in 2005 were predominant Actions executed by nurse profession (38%); Actions basic medicines (28%) and Actions basic dentist (19%). Conclusion: a low capacity of collection taxes in 2005 year and co-financial insufficient of State. About health financial management of municipal system realized a planning process occurring in parallel; little coincide of LOA and PMS aims; a mask budget execution. The health responsibilities were carried partial proper sub-financial of three government sphere and the financing the federal government totally linked, taking the municipally co-finance what was prioritized by Union, and however, do not remain self municipal incomes to invest in local priorities. / O objeto deste estudo ? o processo de gest?o financeira focado no fluxo dos recursos desde a sua origem at? os resultados mais imediatos, as atividades de sa?de. O objetivo, aqui, ? analisar a gest?o municipal dos recursos financeiros do Sistema ?nico de Sa?de. Trata-se de um estudo de caso ?nico, que teve na an?lise documental a principal fonte de evid?ncias. Os dados financeiros foram coletados e analisados atrav?s de quatro tabelas propostas pelo National Helth Acounts (NHA) e comparados com as fontes documentais. As caracter?sticas dos provedores de servi?os e das atividades foram detalhadas ami?de devido ? potencializa??o da metodologia com a elevada desagrega??o dos dados. O resultado da pesquisa mostrou o perfil das fontes de recursos municipais: o governo federal contribuiu com 82% das receitas, seguido do munic?pio (17%) e, com a menor participa??o, o Estado (1%). Destaca-se a Receita Total de R$ 608,5 per capita; e os gastos per capita das 16 unidades do PSF variaram de R$ 465,4 a R$ 62,3 per capita/unidade/ano. O Gasto P?blico com Sa?de (GPS) per capita foi R$ 261/hab./ano. O porcentual do PIB que correspondeu ao GPS foi 4,4%. A propor??o de recursos alocados para os hospitais foi 47% e para as unidades ambulatoriais 44%, revelando um perfil diferenciado de outros munic?pios j? estudados. As atividades realizadas pelas Unidades de Sa?de da Fam?lia em 2005 foram redominantemente A??es executadas por profissionais de enfermagem (38%); A??es m?dicas b?sicas (28%) e A??es b?sicas em odontologia (19%). Concluiu-se que houve uma baixa capacidade de arrecada??o de impostos no ano de 2005 e um co-financiamento irris?rio do estado. Sobre a gest?o financeira da sa?de do sistema municipal percebeu-se: processos de planejamento ocorrendo paralelamente; pouca coincid?ncia dos objetivos da LOA e PMS; e um mascaramento da execu??o or?ament?ria. As responsabilidades sanit?rias foram parcialmente cumpridas devido ao sub-financiamento das tr?s esferas de governo e ao financiamento do governo federal totalmente vinculado, levando ao munic?pio co-financiar o que foi priorizado pela Uni?o e, por conseguinte, n?o sobrou recursos pr?prios para investir nas prioridades locais.
276

COLLABORATION IN BANKING INFORMATION SYSTEMS : INVESTIGATING THE FUTURE OF BANKING SYSTEMS IN INDIA

Abburi, Sridhar, Chinnappan, Ramakrishnan January 2013 (has links)
Banking systems in India is quite popular and it needs some more changes to reach all the customers. Lack of the service is main problem in Indian baking system. If the common person wants to open the account, it take’s little bit high cost and banks are not near the people location. Due to the Lack of service, people do not want to be a customer of the bank. In the research trying to find the solutions for some of the problems to maintain a banking account, we want to provide the maximum time of service in banking systems and to find the better solution for the common persons to use the banking systems. The research idea Collaboration banking information systems are designed to combine all the account information into a system, to provide a better solution for the customer, and to solve all the internal problems in the banking systems. From this new concept we could establish the bank in each and every village, So that we could reach all the customers by providing them a good quality service and exceeding their expectations. The Collaboration systems are less time consuming and it reduces the burden of both the customers and bank employees. Some banks failed due to the lack of customers and the over burden of interest charged by the government.The research idea is to share all the account details from all the banks into a system that is known as collaboration banking information systems. The collaboration banking systems are entirely different and it reduces the cost maintenance of the Indian banking systems. / Program: Magisterutbildning i informatik
277

A estimativa do risco na constituição da PDD. / The risk estimation for the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Ernesto Fernando Rodrigues Vicente 15 May 2001 (has links)
Neste trabalho foram revisados os principais modelos, para a avaliação do risco de crédito e para o provisionamento de perdas com clientes, concluindo-se com uma proposta de adoção de um modelo estatístico, com o objetivo de medir o risco associado ao financiamento e empréstimo a clientes, com o conseqüente impacto na mensuração dos ativos. Sem o objetivo de exaurir o assunto, foram adotados os passos relacionados a seguir para o desenvolvimento do tema até a proposição final. Na introdução, são feitas as justificativas sobre o tema, qual a questão problema associada ao tema e os desafios da contabilidade quanto à mensuração dos ativos. Em relação à gestão de riscos, são relacionados os tipos de riscos em geral, detalhado o risco de crédito em particular e avaliados os modelos de concessão de crédito. Sobre a constituição da Provisão para Devedores Duvidosos, foram pesquisados os principais autores de contabilidade e de finanças, onde se constatou proposições semelhantes, que podem ser resumidas em 4 modelos de provisionamento para Perdas com Devedores Duvidosos: 1. Baixa – "Write-off"; 2. Percentual sobre as vendas; 3. Percentual sobre o montante de contas a receber; 4. Idade da carteira – "aging". Em seguida são analisadas as correlações entre os modelos de previsão de insolvência e as perdas com crédito, onde é possível identificar que os modelos de insolvência são úteis para a concessão do crédito, mas pouco utilizados para a estimativa da perda provável com devedores duvidosos. Em 21 de dezembro de 1999, o Banco Central do Brasil, emitiu a Resolução 2.682, na qual recomenda às instituições financeiras que alterem suas metodologias de provisionamento para perdas com devedores duvidosos. O Banco Central, entretanto, não indica qual modelo utilizar, deixando a cargo de cada instituição o desenvolvimento dos modelos. Utilizando a norma do Banco Central como referência, e procurando um embasamento científico para a constituição da PDD, é proposto um modelo para a sua constituição, modelo esse testado e avaliado, tanto em conformidade às normas do Banco Central, como com orientação gerencial. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um modelo estatístico, aplicando-se a técnica da regressão logística, a 202 clientes de uma instituição financeira, onde foi possível concluir-se que o uso do modelo, na constituição da Provisão para Devedores Duvidosos, poderá trazer benefícios na mensuração do real valor dos investimentos em contas a receber. / This project aims at evaluating the used models and proposing the adoption of new models, for the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, with the objective of measuring the risk related to customers financing and loan activities, and the resulting impact in assets measurements. In order to achieve this goal and try not to over exploit the subject, the following steps related to the development of the theme were adopted. In the introduction the theme is explained; the main issue associated to the theme and the challenges the accounting has to face concerning the assets measurements. As for the risk management the general kinds of risks are described, particularly the credit risk and the credit concession models are evaluated. Referring to the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts constitution, most meaningful authors in the field of Accounting and Finance were researched and similar propositions underlined their writings; that can be summarized in 4 allowance models for Doubtful Accounts. 1. Write off; 2. Percentage over the sales; 3. Percentage over receivables; 4. Aging. Then the correlations between the models of insolvency prediction and the credit losses are analyzed where it is possible to verify that the insolvency models are useful for credit concession, though not very much used for estimating probable loss with Doubtful Accounts. The Central Bank of Brazil (Banco Central do Brasil) issued the act number 2682 on the 21st of December, 1999, that urges all financial institutions to change their methodologies of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. The Central Bank, however, does not indicate the model to be used, leaving the task of developing the models to each institution. Based on the policy of Central Bank and keeping a scientific approach to the constitution of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, a model for their constitution in the portfolio is proposed. Such model is tested and evaluated not only, according to the rules of Central Bank of Brazil, but also in terms of management orientation. Having this purpose in mind a statistic model was developed, using LOGIT Regression applied to 202 customers of a financial institution where it was possible to come to the conclusion that the use of the model in the constitution of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts can bring benefits in measuring the real value of investments in Receivables.
278

Controle de pol?ticas p?blicas por tribunais de contas e govtechs

Vieitez, Diego Losada 14 August 2018 (has links)
Submitted by PPG Direito (ppgdir@pucrs.br) on 2018-10-23T19:51:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIEGO_LOSADA_VIEITEZ_DES .pdf: 1066789 bytes, checksum: d26ca50a83b0764e19484e57a4098399 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-10-25T11:53:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DIEGO_LOSADA_VIEITEZ_DES .pdf: 1066789 bytes, checksum: d26ca50a83b0764e19484e57a4098399 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-25T12:08:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIEGO_LOSADA_VIEITEZ_DES .pdf: 1066789 bytes, checksum: d26ca50a83b0764e19484e57a4098399 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-14 / Courts of Accounts have been overseeing public policies through perform audits examining the performance of programs, and also, in parallel and additionally, through traditional compliance audits of isolated administrative acts and budgetary aspects. Its importance notwithstanding, it is possible to observe that such control measures have reduced effectiveness for, in good measure, two reasons: a) still relatively distant and less synergistic relationships between control agencies, overseen administration and society; b) impossibility of, without support of proper tools, analyzing the vast universe of relevant data thay is now being registered due to technological advances. For these reasons, this research analyses the outline and characteristics of possible applications of Govtechs, technological solutions based in post-gerencialism models of public management and in the state of art of informational systems, for the control public policies by Courts of Accounts. Likewise, possible perspectives of integration between interested parties in public policies control are also examined. The conclusion is that, if the matter of full public sharing of data bases is overcome, GovTechs are powerful solutions to integrate action between agents and to data analysis, including by artificial intelligence, with the potential of increase the effectiveness of control measures, especially in the context of a society with increasing complex and sophisticated technologies. / Os Tribunais de Contas v?m realizando controle de pol?ticas p?blicas mediante auditorias operacionais focadas em avaliar o desempenho de programas, e tamb?m, paralelamente e complementarmente, pelas tradicionais auditorias de conformidade de atos administrativos isolados e de aspectos or?ament?rios. Apesar de sua import?ncia, ? poss?vel observar que tais a??es de controle ainda apresentam uma efetividade reduzida por, em grande parte, duas quest?es: a) rela??es relativamente distantes e pouco sin?rgicas entre ?rg?os de controle, entes fiscalizados e sociedade; b) impossibilidade de, sem ferramentas adequadas, analisar o vasto universo de dados relevantes que passaram a ser registrados com o avan?o tecnol?gico. Diante disso, esta pesquisa examina os contornos e caracter?sticas de poss?veis aplica??es das GovTechs, solu??es tecnol?gicas baseadas em modelos colaborativos e dial?gicos de Administra??o P?blica e no estado da arte dos sistemas informacionais, para o controle de pol?ticas p?blicas por Tribunais de Contas. Igualmente, s?o examinadas perspectivas de integra??o entre os atores interessados no controle de pol?ticas p?blicas. A conclus?o ? de que, superado o entrave do compartilhamento pleno de bancos de dados, as GovTechs s?o poderosas solu??es para a atua??o integrada entre agentes e para a an?lise dos dados, inclusive por intelig?ncia artificial, com potencial de aumentar a efetividade das a??es de controle, especialmente no contexto de uma sociedade cada vez tecnologicamente complexa e sofisticada.
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Justifying a New Beginning: The Case of An Urban, Jewish Congregation in the 1970s

Ochrach-Konradi, Tirza 01 January 2019 (has links)
This research applies C. Wright Mills’ theory of vocabularies of motive to reveal the collective narratives, which were used to justify the atypical founding of an urban Jewish congregation in the 1970s. Prior to and during this period, US Jewish communities were migrating out of city centers into their surrounding suburbs. Most Jewish congregations followed their congregants and moved into the suburbs. This study identifies the collective justifications within the Hatchala Chadasha community, which are the accepted reasons for the organization’s atypical urban location and organizational structure. The findings of this research are based in the examination of interviews with individuals who were community members during the earliest years of Hatchala Chadasha’s existence. Patterns of similar accounts across the interviews revealed the collective narratives that defended four of the congregation’s fundamental decisions: why the congregation was founded, where the congregation chose to locate, how the congregation acted politically, and what organizational structure the congregation employed. These justifications are further examined, in relation to the behavior and values common within the broader Jewish community and other contextual components, to theorize why certain accounts became the accepted narrative within Hatchala Chadasha. Fundamentally, this research examines informants’ motive statements to discern and analyze the collective narratives formed in a community, which justify the community’s atypical behavior in the context of a predominant, external culture.
280

Small and Medium-Size Enterprise Owner Strategies for Invoice Factoring Financing

Nabawanda, Winniefred 01 January 2018 (has links)
Small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) business owners influence the growth and development of sub-Saharan Africa and the welfare of its citizens. However, SME owners often lack the strategies to access and obtain invoice factoring financing to fund their businesses. Guided by the pecking order theory and the credit rationing theory, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that 3 SME owners in Kenya used to access and obtain invoice factoring financing to fund their businesses. Data were collected from in-depth semistructured Skype interviews and organizational documents. Data were analyzed using the Krippendorff content analysis methodology. Member checking was used to validate the interview responses and enhance the credibility of results. Three strategy themes emerged from data analysis: proper documentation, effective third-party relationships, and connections with government officials. The study may contribute to positive social change for SME owners in sub-Saharan Africa by providing actionable strategies they can use to access and obtain invoice factoring financing to fund and sustain their businesses. Citizens of Kenya may experience more job opportunities, improved quality of life, increased household incomes, and sustained economic growth.

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