Procrastination has been a concept that has recently gained attention. Current research has provided data that suggests there is a positive relationship between committed action (goal setting) and procrastination (Gagnon, Dionne, & Pychyl, 2016). This study had collected data from self-report only using a procrastination scale that has been globally validated (Steel, 2010). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) interacts with a person’s psychological flexibility, which can be described as the ability to contact the present moment and then adapt to changes in that moment (Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 2011). Committed action is just part of the six components that make up ACT. Committed action as a concept is concerned with the goals we take on a daily basis that bring us closer to our values. It stands to reason, that the more a person commits to these actions, the less they might procrastinate. The current study extends the existing literature by exploring the possible effect committed action (goal setting) sessions may have on the relationship between procrastination and committed action by examining discussion question turn in across two groups. The outcomes of this analysis may lend to the literature concerning developing a more effective classroom setting (Bijou, 1970). The current study’s purpose is then to increase the level of understanding we have concerning procrastination through a committed action intervention.

I examine the impact of the trend of private class actions targeting alleged violations of generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). I document the specific allegations in GAAP lawsuits and find that allegations involving revenue recognition and asset impairment recognition are two of the most common areas of GAAP cited. I test whether lawsuits lead to a reduction in the allegedly improper behavior, whether sued firms and their peers make other financial reporting changes, and whether these changes change firms’ stock price characteristics. I find that following relevant lawsuits, sued firms, firms in the same industry, and firms with a shared auditor generally exhibit less aggressive revenue recognition, but firms may increase aggressive revenue recognition in certain cases. Next, I examine the impact of asset impairment recognition allegations on the reporting of negative special items. I find few changes directly associated with these allegations but show that other litigation is associated with both increases and decreases in the propensity and size of negative special item reporting. I note that GAAP violations most often arise in an attempt to meet or beat analysts’ estimates, and I show following litigation firms are often more likely to beat analysts’ expectations by a larger margin. I also find significant increases in real earnings management of sued firms and their peers following many lawsuits, indicating a shift away from accruals-based management towards real activities management. Finally, I find mixed evidence of changes in stock return attributes. In some cases I observe significant changes consistent with reduced litigation risk and in others I observe the opposite. The results have implications for accounting standard setting and show that the legal system plays a critical role in shaping the financial reporting environment.

A presente dissertação trata de propostas artísticas destinadas ao espaço público e que se organizam enquanto trabalhos colaborativos. Pretendemos situar a ação Atrocidades Maravilhosas (2000) enquanto proposta modificada e modulada conforme o interesse dos artistas participantes, bem como as condições ambientais as quais a ação estava sujeita. Por essa via, a investigação problematiza contextos culturais dos anos 1990 e 2000, mais especificamente, às unidades discursivas que contribuem para refletirmos sobre as ações coletivas. Pelas considerações de autores como Clair Bishop, MiwonKwon, André Mesquita e Steward Home, pretende-se pensar o espaço artístico contemporâneo ante à mercantilização da cultura vigente. Nesse ínterim, será questionada a identificação e a identidade entre atores sociais, bem como a relação entre os artistas e os espaços culturais os quais se destinam algumas propostas artísticas. Essa investigação adentra o território brasileiro do início do anos 2000 e, aponta por esse contexto, as afinidades de alguns coletivos com propostas artísticas em outras partes do mundo. Essa pesquisa trata ainda de assuntos tangente às negociações e conflitos inerentes aos projetos colaborativos a partir deles pretendemos repensar o espaço comunicacional ativado por esses grupos, buscando na descentralização dos discursos, a potência dos dissensos. Pretendemos, com esse panorama iluminar nas ações de participação efetiva, não as novas respostas ao projeto de democratização ou inclusão de culturas periféricas, mas novas perguntas sobre o antigo problema acerca da colonização cultural da arte / The present investigation deals with artistic proposals for the public space and that are organized as collaborative works . We intend to situate the action AtrocidadesMaravilhosas (2000), according to modified to interest of the participating artists as well as environmental conditions that the action was proposal. The research discusses cultural contexts 90s and 2000 , specifically the discursive units , contributing to reflect on the " collective action ". By considerations of authors like Clair Bishop ,Miwon Kwon , André Mesquita and Steward Home , we intend thinking contemporary art space and the commodification of cultures mainstream. Here, will be questioned identification and identity among social actors as well as between artists and cultural spaces where are designed some artistic proposals . This research enters Brazilian territory in the 2000s ,and pointing this context affinities with some collective artistic proposals in other parts of the world . This research also addresses issues tangential to the negotiations and conflicts inherent for colaboration works _ from them intend to rethink the communication space enabled by these groups , for seeking to decentralize the speeches, from power of dissent . We intend with this panorama illuminate the actions of effective participation , not the new responses to the project of democratization or inclusion of peripheral cultures , but new questions about the old problem about the cultural colonization of art

This study examines the state of competing affordances when an action is prepared for immediate production. More specifically, we investigated the nature of motor representations evoked by distinct action intentions, with a special interest in functional (grasp to use) and volumetric (grasp to lift) actions. With just two objects available, participants were asked to prepare an action on a particular object (e.g., preparing to lift the cellphone), and when signaled, either to perform this original action plan or to switch to executing an alternative one, either on the same or different object. By manipulating cueing methods used for indicating the preparatory and the target action plans, we found distinct patterns in the effect of preserving either object (different action on the same object) or action (same grasp type on a different object) on action execution. Changing either component of the action-object pairing incurred a cost in response time. In Experiment 1, a cost was observed when a prepared action was switched to an alternate action on the same object. For example, preparing to lift a cellphone but switching instead to a use action on the same object, incurred a cost. A further cost was found when subjects prepared a functional action to one object (e.g., use the cellphone) but switched to the same class of action on the alternate object (e.g., use the spray can). Both these effects were found to operate at the motor level. No costs were observed when subjects switched from a planned action to naming the target object (Experiment 3). Crucially, it was found that the nature of the cueing method instructing subjects to switch from a planned to an alternate action impacted the effect of action congruency. The cost observed in Experiment 1 when subjects switched to an alternate action on the same object occurred when the switch from a planned to an alternate action was cued by a verb-noun combination (e.g., use cellphone). No such cost occurred when the action was cued by a verb (e.g., use) and the target object was spatially cued by an arrow pointing to its location (Experiment 2). The cost of switching from a planned action type (e.g., a use action) to the same action type carried on the alternate object also depended on whether the planned action was verbally or spatially cued. These results provide new evidence on the nature of action representations associated with different motor intentions, as well as of the nature of action-object pairings. / Graduate

A presente dissertação trata de propostas artísticas destinadas ao espaço público e que se organizam enquanto trabalhos colaborativos. Pretendemos situar a ação Atrocidades Maravilhosas (2000) enquanto proposta modificada e modulada conforme o interesse dos artistas participantes, bem como as condições ambientais as quais a ação estava sujeita. Por essa via, a investigação problematiza contextos culturais dos anos 1990 e 2000, mais especificamente, às unidades discursivas que contribuem para refletirmos sobre as ações coletivas. Pelas considerações de autores como Clair Bishop, MiwonKwon, André Mesquita e Steward Home, pretende-se pensar o espaço artístico contemporâneo ante à mercantilização da cultura vigente. Nesse ínterim, será questionada a identificação e a identidade entre atores sociais, bem como a relação entre os artistas e os espaços culturais os quais se destinam algumas propostas artísticas. Essa investigação adentra o território brasileiro do início do anos 2000 e, aponta por esse contexto, as afinidades de alguns coletivos com propostas artísticas em outras partes do mundo. Essa pesquisa trata ainda de assuntos tangente às negociações e conflitos inerentes aos projetos colaborativos a partir deles pretendemos repensar o espaço comunicacional ativado por esses grupos, buscando na descentralização dos discursos, a potência dos dissensos. Pretendemos, com esse panorama iluminar nas ações de participação efetiva, não as novas respostas ao projeto de democratização ou inclusão de culturas periféricas, mas novas perguntas sobre o antigo problema acerca da colonização cultural da arte / The present investigation deals with artistic proposals for the public space and that are organized as collaborative works . We intend to situate the action AtrocidadesMaravilhosas (2000), according to modified to interest of the participating artists as well as environmental conditions that the action was proposal. The research discusses cultural contexts 90s and 2000 , specifically the discursive units , contributing to reflect on the " collective action ". By considerations of authors like Clair Bishop ,Miwon Kwon , André Mesquita and Steward Home , we intend thinking contemporary art space and the commodification of cultures mainstream. Here, will be questioned identification and identity among social actors as well as between artists and cultural spaces where are designed some artistic proposals . This research enters Brazilian territory in the 2000s ,and pointing this context affinities with some collective artistic proposals in other parts of the world . This research also addresses issues tangential to the negotiations and conflicts inherent for colaboration works _ from them intend to rethink the communication space enabled by these groups , for seeking to decentralize the speeches, from power of dissent . We intend with this panorama illuminate the actions of effective participation , not the new responses to the project of democratization or inclusion of peripheral cultures , but new questions about the old problem about the cultural colonization of art

Esta dissertação analisa o processo de resiliência em estudantes cotistas de escolas públicas autodeclarados negros com bom desempenho acadêmico (Taxa Integralização Média acima de 50%), que ingressaram pelo sistema de reserva de vagas aprovado na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul em 2008. A partir de um breve histórico da política de ações afirmativas no mundo, no Brasil e na Universidade, há o destaque sobre as desvantagens que jovens negros vivem para ter acesso ao Ensino Superior neste país. Foram entrevistados dez estudantes, entre 20 e 33 anos, em sua maioria moradores da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, de oito cursos diferentes: Ciências Contábeis, Direito, Engenharia Civil, Letras, Geografia, Biologia Marinha, Educação Física e Medicina Veterinária. Através da escuta sensível durante as entrevistas conhecemos a autodescrição e origem social dos estudantes: estudiosos, dedicados, eles reconhecem a importância da família, principalmente da figura materna, enquanto motivadora para superar obstáculos. A falta de modelos negros é uma constante nas suas trajetórias, seja como professores ou familiares em boas posições profissionais. Foi reconhecido o processo de resiliência em suas trajetórias como uma gama de superações frequentes: perdas familiares, necessidade precoce de afastamento dos pais em busca de melhores oportunidades educacionais, alvos de preconceito, dificuldades econômicas e limitações de acesso ao capital cultural mais valorizado pela universidade, foram fatores que não os impediram de realizar seus sonhos. Ao contrário, eles se tornaram mais resistentes, buscaram se reestruturar e crescer em resposta às situações de crise e aos desafios do cotidiano. A oportunidade de realizar um curso superior é vista como uma possibilidade de ascensão social. O ingresso na UFRGS é percebido por alguns destes estudantes como algo inacreditável, gerando expectativas e sonhos compartilhados por seus familiares. Estes estudantes conheciam pouco sobre o sistema de cotas antes de prestar o vestibular, e a assistência estudantil na UFRGS ainda não atende à maioria dos entrevistados. A instituição como um todo há que se reformular quanto ao oferecimento de cursos noturnos, súmula de disciplinas, material didático, assistência estudantil, e reconhecer que o ingresso de cotistas proporciona o convívio com a diversidade na Universidade entre docentes, técnicos e demais estudantes. Isso representa um grande desafio para que segmentos da comunidade acadêmica abandonem certos preconceitos que podem gerar discriminações. / This dissertation examines the resilience process of government school students, quota-benefited, self-declared black, with good academic performance (Average Payment Rate over 50%), which have entered the higher education through the vacancy reservation system approved for Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) in 2008. From a brief description of the affirmative action policy worldwide, in Brasil and at UFRGS, can be evidenced the disadvantages experienced by the young blacks to access higher education in this country. Ten students were interviewed, aged between 20 and 33, most of whom living in the metropolitan area around Porto Alegre, from eight different courses: accountancy, law, civil engineering, letters, geography, marine biology, physical education and veterinary medicine. Through the sensitive listening in the interviews, it is possible to acknowledge the self-description and social origin of the students: studious, devoted, they recognize the importance of their families, specially the mother figure as a motivator to exceed adversities. The lack of black patterns is current in their trajectories, as teachers or as relatives in good professional positions either. The resilience process could be recognized in their trajectories as a number of persistent conquests: familiar losses, premature need of separation from parents in seek for better educational opportunities, targets of prejudice, economic difficulties and restricted access to the cultural capital which is most valuated by the University, these were issues that did not hinder them from achieving their dreams. On the contrary, they have become more resistant, pursuing to restructure and improve in crisis situations and everyday challenges. The opportunity to attend a college course is seen as a possibility of social ascension. The entrance at UFRGS is perceived by some of these students as something unbelievable, producing expectations and dreams shared by their relatives. These students barely knew about the quota system before they submitted to the University admission test, and UFRGS‟ students‟ assistance program does not support most of the interviewed yet. The institution as a whole has to reformulate itself on the offer of night-period courses, description of disciplines, didactic material, students‟ assistance, and to recognize that the entering of quota-benefited students provides the interaction with diversity, at the University, amongst professors, technicians, and the other students. This represents a huge challenge so that certain sections of academic community can relinquish some prejudices that might produce discrimination.

The communication means used by marketers has fundamentally changed with the rise of social media, however social media has also created a landscape that is hard for the companies to manage. What the employees says on these medias could influence the brand and therefore, companies have formulated guidelines for social media in order to minimize the risk of damaging the brand. The purpose of this study is to explain how employees’ actions on their private social medias change consumers’ brand attitude negatively.This study uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional research design. The study uses primary data which was gathered through a questionnaire and was later analyzed through the use of descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Cronbach’s alpha. It was concluded that the results from this study show a negative change in brand attitude in all of the three presented hypotheses. Hence, employee actions on their private social media can change brand attitude negatively.

A imagem corporal tem sido muito valorizada na sociedade e nos meios de comunicação em geral, repercutindo de forma considerável na vida das pessoas, principalmente das mulheres. Se por um lado, isso traz implicações à saúde, em detrimento de uma série de intervenções, (dietas, cirurgias plásticas, aplicações de silicone, botox etc.), por outro lado, observa-se que, em questão de gênero, na maioria das vezes, o contingente feminino sofre maior pressão no que tange à valorização corporal, conseqüentemente, tendendo a dar maior atenção ao seu corpo. As inquietações a respeito da imagem-corporal, nos levou a traçar os seguintes objetivos: identificar com as alunas os problemas que as afligem, em relação ao seu corpo; levantar informações e analisar os dados obtidos, de forma a identificar suas necessidades e interesses sobre tais questões; em seguida, trabalhar em conjunto com elas e de forma participativa os temas geradores. O presente estudo visou contextualizar o ambiente escolar, tendo em vista a escola, as alunas, os professores e a família, identificando o significado que a escolar dá à simbologia do corpo contemporâneo, visualizando um padrão de beleza existente no meio social e o excesso de valorização atribuída a ele. Como procedimentos metodológicos, valemo-nos da pesquisa-ação, de cunho qualitativo, humanista e socioeducacional, utilizando-se de técnicas como observação participante e questionário, com questões norteadoras. O estudo analisou vinte e seis adolescentes, do sexo feminino, entre 14 e 17 anos de idade, cursando a oitava série do Ensino Fundamental, de uma escola Estadual, da zona norte de Ribeirão Preto, SP. A instituição atende clientela de perfil carente, residentes de favelas e bairros periféricos nas cercanias. Para o desenvolvimento e análise temática das ações educativas, trabalhamos o Referencial Metodológico de Paulo Freire, por meio dos temas geradores, como elemento norteador para estabelecer o diálogo pesquisador/educandos. A partir das temáticas levantadas, desenvolvemos, conjuntamente com as alunas, as oficinas pedagógicas. As mensagens mais significativas apontadas pelas participantes revelam alta valorização em atributos físicos, sendo a beleza contextualizada por elas como importante instrumento para estabelecer vínculos sociais e possuir méritos e benefícios como pessoa. A mãe foi descrita pelas escolares, como a principal figura familiar, sendo lembrada pela sua força, determinação, trabalho e afeto. O imaginário de amor romântico, evidenciado na última oficina pedagógica, apareceu na maior parte das estórias construídas pelas alunas, que finalizavam seus enredos, sob viés do casamento, ou encontro do par ideal, sendo os filhos parte integrante dessa suposta rede de felicidade. A virgindade, foi tema eminente de suas preocupações, as quais depreciavam as colegas, que verbalizavam suas experiências sexuais e que exerciam de forma mais livre sua sexualidade. O desejo de ser mãe jovem também aparece como informação relevante, corroborando outros estudos, indicando: raízes patriarcais conservadoras, atuando no imaginário das adolescentes, falta de perspectiva no mercado de trabalho, pouca possibilidade de cursar o ensino superior, sobretudo, fortes questões de gênero interferindo sobre suas vontades e planos de vida. / The corporal image has been very valued in the society and the medias of mass in general, reverberating intensely in the way of living of people, mainly the women. It brings implications to the health, in detriment of a lot of interventions (diets, surgeries, artificial breasts, etc), and it is observed that in gender question, in the majority of times, the feminine contingent suffers greater pressure that refers to the corporal valuation, consequently, tending to give greater attention to its body. The fidgets about image-corporal served of support for the development of the aim of this study: to identify with the female students, how the problems affect them, in the relation with their bodies; to raise information and to analyze the gotten data, to identify their necessities and interests about these questions; after that, to work actively with them from on the original subjects. The present study investigated the school environment, under the view point of the school, the female students, teatchers and families, identifying the meaning given by school of contemporary symbology of body, visualizing a beauty standard existing in the social environment and its excess of valuation. As methodological procedures, it was used research-action method, of qualitative matrix, using techniques as participant comment and interview. This study analyzed twentysix adolescents, female, between 14 and 17 years old, from a basic school from Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The development and thematic analysis of the educative actions used the Methodological Referential of Paulo Freire, as element to establish the dialogue between researcher and students. The results revealed a great valuation of physical attributes, and beauty is an important instrument to establish social conquests and benefits to themselves. The students described their mothers as the most important familiar figure, remembered for their vigor, determination, work and affection. The imaginary of a romantic love was evidenced when the students related that to get happiness it was important to get a good marriage and children. The virginity also was an important subject and concern. Some students depreciated their colleagues, who related about their sexual experiences. The desire of being young mother also appears as information, establishing conexion with other studies, indicating: traditional education acting in the imaginary of the adolescents, less of work perspective, few possibilities to access in an college course, overall an important question of gender intervening on their future.

Esta dissertação analisa o processo de resiliência em estudantes cotistas de escolas públicas autodeclarados negros com bom desempenho acadêmico (Taxa Integralização Média acima de 50%), que ingressaram pelo sistema de reserva de vagas aprovado na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul em 2008. A partir de um breve histórico da política de ações afirmativas no mundo, no Brasil e na Universidade, há o destaque sobre as desvantagens que jovens negros vivem para ter acesso ao Ensino Superior neste país. Foram entrevistados dez estudantes, entre 20 e 33 anos, em sua maioria moradores da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, de oito cursos diferentes: Ciências Contábeis, Direito, Engenharia Civil, Letras, Geografia, Biologia Marinha, Educação Física e Medicina Veterinária. Através da escuta sensível durante as entrevistas conhecemos a autodescrição e origem social dos estudantes: estudiosos, dedicados, eles reconhecem a importância da família, principalmente da figura materna, enquanto motivadora para superar obstáculos. A falta de modelos negros é uma constante nas suas trajetórias, seja como professores ou familiares em boas posições profissionais. Foi reconhecido o processo de resiliência em suas trajetórias como uma gama de superações frequentes: perdas familiares, necessidade precoce de afastamento dos pais em busca de melhores oportunidades educacionais, alvos de preconceito, dificuldades econômicas e limitações de acesso ao capital cultural mais valorizado pela universidade, foram fatores que não os impediram de realizar seus sonhos. Ao contrário, eles se tornaram mais resistentes, buscaram se reestruturar e crescer em resposta às situações de crise e aos desafios do cotidiano. A oportunidade de realizar um curso superior é vista como uma possibilidade de ascensão social. O ingresso na UFRGS é percebido por alguns destes estudantes como algo inacreditável, gerando expectativas e sonhos compartilhados por seus familiares. Estes estudantes conheciam pouco sobre o sistema de cotas antes de prestar o vestibular, e a assistência estudantil na UFRGS ainda não atende à maioria dos entrevistados. A instituição como um todo há que se reformular quanto ao oferecimento de cursos noturnos, súmula de disciplinas, material didático, assistência estudantil, e reconhecer que o ingresso de cotistas proporciona o convívio com a diversidade na Universidade entre docentes, técnicos e demais estudantes. Isso representa um grande desafio para que segmentos da comunidade acadêmica abandonem certos preconceitos que podem gerar discriminações. / This dissertation examines the resilience process of government school students, quota-benefited, self-declared black, with good academic performance (Average Payment Rate over 50%), which have entered the higher education through the vacancy reservation system approved for Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) in 2008. From a brief description of the affirmative action policy worldwide, in Brasil and at UFRGS, can be evidenced the disadvantages experienced by the young blacks to access higher education in this country. Ten students were interviewed, aged between 20 and 33, most of whom living in the metropolitan area around Porto Alegre, from eight different courses: accountancy, law, civil engineering, letters, geography, marine biology, physical education and veterinary medicine. Through the sensitive listening in the interviews, it is possible to acknowledge the self-description and social origin of the students: studious, devoted, they recognize the importance of their families, specially the mother figure as a motivator to exceed adversities. The lack of black patterns is current in their trajectories, as teachers or as relatives in good professional positions either. The resilience process could be recognized in their trajectories as a number of persistent conquests: familiar losses, premature need of separation from parents in seek for better educational opportunities, targets of prejudice, economic difficulties and restricted access to the cultural capital which is most valuated by the University, these were issues that did not hinder them from achieving their dreams. On the contrary, they have become more resistant, pursuing to restructure and improve in crisis situations and everyday challenges. The opportunity to attend a college course is seen as a possibility of social ascension. The entrance at UFRGS is perceived by some of these students as something unbelievable, producing expectations and dreams shared by their relatives. These students barely knew about the quota system before they submitted to the University admission test, and UFRGS‟ students‟ assistance program does not support most of the interviewed yet. The institution as a whole has to reformulate itself on the offer of night-period courses, description of disciplines, didactic material, students‟ assistance, and to recognize that the entering of quota-benefited students provides the interaction with diversity, at the University, amongst professors, technicians, and the other students. This represents a huge challenge so that certain sections of academic community can relinquish some prejudices that might produce discrimination.

Essa dissertação trata de geometria simplética e suas aplicações, apresentando conceitos tais como o gradiente simplético e também o teorema de Darboux. Discutimos a formulação Lagrangeana da mecânica, apresentando as equações de Euler-Lagrange e, usando a geometria simplética, mostramos como estes naturalmente evoluem para o formalismo Hamiltoneano e as equações de Hamilton. Introduzimos também o conceito da métrica de Jacobi e demonstramos o teorema de Noether. Apresentamos o conceito de ações simpléticas e Hamiltoneanas, bem como aplicações momento e comomento. São demonstrados resultados importantes como o teorema de Kirillov-Kostant-Sourieau para órbitas coadjuntas e a redução simplética de Marsden-Weinstein-Meyer. Os resultados centrais apresentados são o teorema de Atiyah-Guillemin-Steinberg de convexidade, o teorema de Schur e Horn para matrizes unitárias e o teorema de Delzant, este último sendo apresentado apenas com uma ideia da prova. / This thesis is about symplectic geometry and its applications, presenting concepts such as the symplectic gradient and also Darboux\'s theorem. We discuss the Lagrangian formulation of mechanics, presenting the Euler-Lagrange equations and, using symplectic geometry, show how those naturally evolve into the Hamiltonian formalism and the Hamilton equations. We instroduce also the concept of the Jacobi metrics and prove Noether\'s theorem. We also introduce the concept of symplectic and Hamiltonian actions as well as moment and comoment maps. We prove important results such as the Kirillov-Kostant-Sourieau theorem for coadjoint orbits and the symplectic reduction of Marsden-Weinstein-Meyer. The central results presented are the convexity theorem of Guillemin-Atiyah-Steinberg, the Schur and Horn theorem for unitary matrices and the Delzant theorem, this last one being presented only with an idea of the proof.